Cẩm Phả () is a
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of
Quảng Ninh Province in the north-east region of
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
. It is an important
coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coal is formed when ...
exporting
port
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as H ...
of Vietnam (UNCTAD: VNCPH).
As of February 2012, the city had a population of 195,800. The city covers an area of 486 km
2. The city was promoted from Cẩm Phả District by February 2012.
[Về việc thành lập thành phố Cẩm Phả thuộc tỉnh Quảng Ninh]
Government Web Portal Cẩm Phả was the site of one of the biggest
coal mine
Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from ...
s in south of Asia which has been exploited for almost a century. The coal mine featured on a special commemorative Vietnam stamp in March 1959. Coal still forms the basis of Cẩm Phả's local economy, with other industries including quarrying, lime production, port, agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
The official town website claims several scenic and historical sites in Cẩm Phả, including the Cửa Ông Temple, Rều Island (Monkey Island), Thẻ Vàng Island, the Vũng Đục historical site, and Hang Hanh cave.
History
In 1884, Cẩm Phả came under French administration. On 24 August 1886, Bavienpour established the coal company (; SFCT). SFCT had the right to manage and exploit coal in the
Hòn Gai, Cẩm Phả, and
Mông Dương regions.
On 27 September 1945, during the
August Revolution
The August Revolution ( vi, Cách-mạng tháng Tám), also known as the August General Uprising (), was a revolution launched by the Việt Minh (League for the Independence of Vietnam) against the Empire of Vietnam and the Empire of Japan in ...
, workers drove the French out of Cẩm Phả. The French troops returned in November 1946, but the inhabitants fought back, destroying the coal mines, and hundreds of people were killed. The last French soldier withdrew from Cửa Ông, near the Cẩm Phả area on 22 April 1955.
During the
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
, American aircraft bombed Cẩm Phả several times due to its strategic importance.
On 30 October 1963, Cẩm Phả, formerly in Hồng Quảng province, came under the jurisdiction of
Quảng Ninh province when Hải Ninh and Hồng Quảng provinces merged.
On 10 September 1981, Cẩm Phả's boundaries were redistributed. The town of Mông Dương was dissolved to form Mông Dương ward and Cẩm Hải commune. Cửa Ông town became Cửa Ông ward. Cọc 6 town and Thái Bình commune became Cẩm Phú and Cẩm Thịnh wards.
On 21 February 2012, Cẩm Phả was upgraded from a town to a city.
Administrative divisions
The city contains 13 ''
phường'': Quang Hanh, Cẩm Thạch, Cẩm Thuỷ, Cẩm Trung, Cẩm Thành, Cẩm Tây, Cẩm Bình, Cẩm Đông, Cẩm Sơn, Cẩm Phú, Cẩm Thịnh, Cửa Ông, Mông Dương, and 3 communes: Dương Huy, Cộng Hoà, Cẩm Hải.
Port of Cẩm Phả
Though the port of Cẩm Phả has a general maximum draft of 4.8 metres, it has a separate coal loading terminal with a
dredged depth of 6.1 metres and a channel depth of 7.1 metres. This allows ships of up to 10 metres
draft
Draft, The Draft, or Draught may refer to:
Watercraft dimensions
* Draft (hull), the distance from waterline to keel of a vessel
* Draft (sail), degree of curvature in a sail
* Air draft, distance from waterline to the highest point on a vesse ...
to load due to the
tidal range
Tidal range is the difference in height between high tide and low tide. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and Sun and the rotation of Earth. Tidal range depends on time and location.
...
in the port.
The coal loading terminal is 299 metres long, and can accommodate ships that are 165 metres in length, at an average loading rate of 6,000 tonnes per day.
Environment
Coal mining in Cẩm Phả started over 100 years ago. Mining area discharges to the sea about 9 million m
3 waste water and 8 million m
3 domestic waste water. Another issue is deforestation, for example, from 1969 to 1974, about 42% of area of forest land was reduced.
Climate
Sports
The
V.League 1
The V.League 1 ( vi, Giải bóng đá vô địch quốc gia, lit=National Football League), also called Night Wolf V.League 1 due to sponsorship reasons, is the top professional football league in Vietnam, controlled by the Vietnam Professio ...
football club
Than Quảng Ninh is based in Cẩm Phả. The club uses both Cửa Ông and
Cẩm Phả stadia for its matches.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cam Pha District
Districts of Quảng Ninh province
Cities in Vietnam