Budesonide/formoterol, sold under the brand name Symbicort among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used in the management of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It contains budesonide, a

steroid A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration. Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and a ...

and

formoterol Formoterol, also known as eformoterol, is a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) used as a bronchodilator in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Formoterol has an extended duration of action (up to 12 h) co ...

, a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA). The product

monograph A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author or artist, and usually on a scholarly subject. In library cataloging, ''monograph ...

does not support its use for sudden worsening or treatment of active bronchospasm. However, a 2020 review of the literature does support such use. It is used by breathing in the medication. Common (≥1/100 to <1/10) side effects include candidiasis,

headache Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache. There is an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches. Headaches can occur as a result ...

tremor A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts. It is the most common of all involuntary movements and can affect the hands, arms, eyes, fa ...

palpitations Palpitations are perceived abnormalities of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest, which is further characterized by the hard, fast and/or irregular beatings of the heart. Symptoms include a rapi ...

, throat irritation, coughing, and dysphonia. Pneumonia is a common side effect in people with COPD, and other, less common side effects have been documented. There were concerns that the LABA component increases the risk of death in children with asthma, however these concerns were removed in 2017. Therefore, this combination is only recommended in those who are not controlled on an

inhaled steroid Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones. Two main classes of corticosteroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, are involve ...

alone. There is tentative evidence that typical doses of inhaled steroids and LABAs are safe in pregnancy. Both formoterol and budesonide are excreted in breast-milk. Budesonide/formoterol was approved for medical use in the United States in 2006. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a

generic medication A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that contains the same chemical substance as a drug that was originally protected by chemical patents. Generic drugs are allowed for sale after the patents on the original drugs expire. Because the active ch ...

. In 2020, it was the 61st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11million prescriptions.

Medical uses

Maintenance

Budesonide/formoterol has shown efficacy to prevent asthma attacks. It is unclear if the efficacy of budesonide/formoterol differs from that of fluticasone and salmeterol in chronic asthma.

Exacerbation

The combination is approved in the United States only as a maintenance medication in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, a 2020 review of the literature does support use as needed during acute worsening in those with mild disease, and as maintenance followed by extra doses during worsening. Use for both maintenance and as-needed treatment is also known as single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) and is a well-established treatment. It has been shown to, 1) reduce asthma exacerbations that require oral corticosteroids, 2) reduce hospital visits better than maintenance on inhaled corticosteroids alone at a higher dose, or 3) inhaled corticosteroid at the same or higher dose together with a long-acting bronchodilator (LABA), with a short-acting bronchodilator (SABA) as a reliever.

Side effects

Common (up to 1 in 10 people)

*Mild throat irritation * Coughing * Hoarseness *Oral candidiasis (thrush. significantly less likely if the patient rinses their mouth out with water after inhalations) *

Headache Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache. There is an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches. Headaches can occur as a result ...

Often mild, and usually disappear as the medication continues to be used: *

Heart palpitations Palpitations are perceived abnormalities of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest, which is further characterized by the hard, fast and/or irregular beatings of the heart. Symptoms include a rapi ...

Trembling A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving neural oscillations, oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts. It is the most common of all involuntary movements and can affect the ...

Uncommon (up to 1 in 100 people)

*Feeling restlessness, nervous, or agitated *Disturbed sleep *Feeling dizzy * Nausea * Tachycardia (fast heart rate) * Bruising of the skin * Muscle cramps

Rare (up to 1 in 1,000 people)

* Rash * Itchiness * Bronchospasm (tightening of the muscles in the airways causing wheezing immediately after use of the medication, which is possibly sign of an allergic reaction and should be met with immediate medical attention) * Hypokalemia (low levels of potassium in the blood) *Heart arrhythmia

Very rare (up to 1 in 10,000 people)

*Depression (mood), Depression *Changes in behaviour, especially in children *Chest pain or tightness in chest *Increase in Blood sugar level, blood glucose levels *Taste changes, such as an unpleasant taste in the mouth *Changes in blood pressure

Other

With high doses for a long period of time. * Reduced bone mineral density, causing osteoporosis * Cataracts * Glaucoma * Delayed milestone, Slowed rate of growth in children and adolescents * Adrenal gland disorder, Dysfunction of the adrenal gland, which affects the production of various hormones

Allergic reaction

* Angioedema (swelling of the face, mouth, tongue, and/or throat. Difficulty swallowing. Hives. Difficulty breathing. Feeling of faintness) * Bronchospasm (sudden acute wheezing or shortness of breath immediately after use of medication. The patient should use their reliever medication immediately.)

Society and culture

Legal status

It was approved for use in the United States in July 2006. Budesonide/formoterol was approved for use in the European Union in April 2014. There are several patents related to the drug; some of which have expired. It was initially marketed by AstraZeneca.

References

External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Budesonide Formoterol Combination drugs Respiratory agents AstraZeneca brands World Health Organization essential medicines Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate