Bruce Kuwabara
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Bruce Bunji Kuwabara, (O.C.,
B.Arch The Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) is a bachelor's degree designed to satisfy the academic requirement of practising architecture around the world. Australia Architectural education in Australia varies depending on the university offering th ...
, OAA,
FRAIC The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC) is a not-for-profit, national organization that has represented architects and architecture for over 100 years, in existence since 1907. The RAIC is the leading voice for excellence in the built ...
, RAIC, AIA, RIBA) is a Canadian architect and a founding partner of the firm
KPMB Architects KPMB is a Canadian architecture firm founded by Bruce Kuwabara, Thomas Payne, Marianne McKenna, and Shirley Blumberg, in 1987. It is headquartered in Toronto, where the majority of their work is found. Aside from designing buildings, the firm a ...
(formed in 1987). He is an invested Officer of the
Order of Canada The Order of Canada (french: Ordre du Canada; abbreviated as OC) is a Canadian state order and the second-highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, after the Order of Merit. To coincide with the ...
and recipient of the RAIC Gold Medal. He is Board Chair of the
Canadian Centre for Architecture The Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA; french: Centre Canadien d'Architecture) is a Architecture museum, museum of architecture and research centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 1920, rue Baile (1920, Baile Street), between r ...
in Montreal.


Life

Born in
Hamilton, Ontario Hamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Hamilton has a population of 569,353, and its census metropolitan area, which includes Burlington and Grimsby, has a population of 785,184. The city is approximately southwest of T ...
in 1949, Bruce Kuwabara studied architecture at the
University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution ...
and graduated in 1972. Upon graduation, Kuwabara joined the teaching studio of George Baird, an architect and architectural theorist. Baird was influential to Kuwabara's interest in ideas of city building and the narrative concept of architecture. It was in Baird's studio that Kuwabara also encountered many of the most influential architects of the time, including James Stirling,
Arata Isozaki Arata Isozaki (磯崎 新, ''Isozaki Arata''; born 23 July 1931) is a Japanese architect, urban designer, and theorist from Ōita. He was awarded the RIBA Gold Medal in 1986 and the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2019. Biography Isozaki was ...
, and
Leon Krier Leon, Léon (French) or León (Spanish) may refer to: Places Europe * León, Spain, capital city of the Province of León * Province of León, Spain * Kingdom of León, an independent state in the Iberian Peninsula from 910 to 1230 and again fro ...
. Following the apprenticeship with Baird, Kuwabara joined
Barton Myers Barton Myers (born November 6, 1934) is an American architect and president of Barton Myers Associates Inc. in Santa Barbara, California. With a career spanning more than 40 years, Myers is a fellow of the American Institute of Architects and w ...
Associates where he was an associate for 12 years. Barton Myers, who studied under the leading American architect,
Louis Kahn Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky; – March 17, 1974) was an Estonian-born American architect based in Philadelphia. After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia, he founded his own atelier in 1935. Whi ...
(1901-1974), inspired Kuwabara, and his future partners who were also associates of BMA – Thomas Payne,
Marianne McKenna Marianne McKenna, OC, FRAIC, OAA, OAQ, AIA, RIBA (born September 25, 1950) is a Canadian architect and a founding partner of KPMB Architects, a Toronto-based practice established in 1987. She is an invested Officer of The Order of Canada "for her ...
and
Shirley Blumberg Shirley Blumberg (CM, OAA, FRAIC, AIA) (born February 4, 1952) is a Canadian architect. She is a founding partner of KPMB Architects in Toronto, a Canadian practice. In 2013, Blumberg was invested as a Member of the Order of Canada "for her cont ...
- to think about the city, and how to integrate strategies of urban infill and consolidation.


Honours

In 2011, Kuwabara was made an Officer of the
Order of Canada The Order of Canada (french: Ordre du Canada; abbreviated as OC) is a Canadian state order and the second-highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, after the Order of Merit. To coincide with the ...
"for his contributions, as an architect, to our built landscape and for his commitment to professional excellence". He is the recipient of the RAIC 2006
Gold Medal A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture. Since the eighteenth century, gold medals have bee ...
. The medal recognizes Kuwabara's contribution to the profession of architecture and is Canada's highest honour bestowed by the profession on an individual. In his acceptance speech, Kuwabara offered a personal reflection contrasting the memories of growing up in the post-World War II climate as a
Japanese-Canadian are Canadian citizens of Japanese ancestry. Japanese Canadians are mostly concentrated in Western Canada, especially in the province of British Columbia, which hosts the largest Japanese community in the country with the majority of them livin ...
with the later inspirations of his mentors and seminal events that determined his vocation as an architect. His reflections of the collaborative nature of architecture and an overview of his practice is featured in a special supplement published by Canadian Architect in the June 2006 issue, with essays by George Baird and Larry Richards who wrote: "From his collaborative contributions on large urban projects with Barton Myers in the 1970s to his conceptions for complex city fabric insertions during the past decade…, Kuwabara has demonstrated remarkable leadership as an accomplished architect-urbanist with a very particular sense of the design and health of cities." Bruce was elected into the
Royal Canadian Academy of Arts The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (RCA) is a Canadian arts-related organization that was founded in 1880. History 1880 to 1890 The title of Royal Canadian Academy of Arts was received from Queen Victoria on 16 July 1880. The Governor General ...
in 2005.


Sustainable design

Long before the environment was considered a priority issue in Canada, Kuwabara was studying and prioritizing strategies for integrating
sustainability Specific definitions of sustainability are difficult to agree on and have varied in the literature and over time. The concept of sustainability can be used to guide decisions at the global, national, and individual levels (e.g. sustainable livi ...
with architectural design. His involvement as the design principal for the Canadian Embassy in Berlin (joint venture of KPMB with Gagnon Letellier Cyr Architectes, and Smith Carter Architects + Engineers) presented the opportunity to study and integrate international strategies for reducing energy consumption and developing a healthy, sustainable work environment. These lessons would greatly influence future projects in Canada, particularly
Manitoba Hydro Place Manitoba Hydro Place (MHP) is an office tower serving as the headquarters building of Manitoba Hydro, the electric power and natural gas utility in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Located at 360 Portage Avenue in downtown Winnipeg and connected ...
in downtown
Winnipeg Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America. , Winnipeg had a city population of 749,6 ...
.
Manitoba Hydro Place Manitoba Hydro Place (MHP) is an office tower serving as the headquarters building of Manitoba Hydro, the electric power and natural gas utility in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Located at 360 Portage Avenue in downtown Winnipeg and connected ...
is one of the most energy efficient large-scale office towers in the world and establish a model for extreme climate design in Canada and internationally. This project is the product of a collaboration with Transsolar and Smith Carter Architects + Engineers. The project was realized through a formal C-2000 Integrated Design Process (IDP) to achieve 60% reduction in energy consumption with a signature design and catalyze the urban revitalization of the downtown. The building exceeded original goals for LEED Gold and was certified LEED Platinum in 2012.


Architecture and education

Kuwabara and KPMB have supported the
John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design The John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design (commonly referred to as Daniels Faculty) is an academic division at the University of Toronto which focuses on architecture, urban design and art. The Faculty was the first school ...
, at the
University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution ...
as well as contributed to its curriculum. Specifically, Kuwabara helped to establish the
Frank Gehry Frank Owen Gehry, , FAIA (; ; born ) is a Canadian-born American architect and designer. A number of his buildings, including his private residence in Santa Monica, California, have become world-renowned attractions. His works are considered ...
Chair for International Visitors in Architectural Design, as well as to the Faculty's ongoing building renovations. As co-chair of the University's Design the Future campaign, Kuwabara played a key role in spearheading funding for the Gehry Chair. In recognition of his contribution, he was presented with the Arbor Award for "outstanding personal service to the University of Toronto and its divisions."


Selected work

Selected work (with KPMB) includes: 2019: Science Commons / Science & Academic Building, University of Lethbridge (with Stantec Architecture)
2018: Ronald O. Perelman Center for Political Science and Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
2018: Chip and Shannon Wilson School of Design,
Kwantlen Polytechnic University Kwantlen Polytechnic University (KPU) is a public degree-granting undergraduate polytechnic university in British Columbia, Canada, with campuses in Surrey, Richmond, Cloverdale, Whalley, and Langley. KPU is one of the largest institutions by ...
, Richmond, British Columbia (in joint venture with Public: Architecture + Communication)
2017: Remai Modern,
Saskatoon Saskatoon () is the largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It straddles a bend in the South Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province. It is located along the Trans-Canada Hig ...
,
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...

2017: Global Center for Pluralism,
Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...
,
Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...

2017: Kellogg School of Management,
Northwestern University Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1851, Northwestern is the oldest chartered university in Illinois and is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in the world. Charte ...
, Evanston,
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...

2017: Julis Romo Rabinowitz Building & Louis A. Simpson International Building,
Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial Colleges, fourth-oldest ins ...
,
Princeton Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ni ...
,
New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

2016: Bay Adelaide East Tower and Podium, Toronto, Ontario
2015: Pan/Parapan American Games Athletes' Village / Canary District, Toronto, Ontario (Dundee Kilmer Integrated Design Team: joint venture
architectsAlliance architectsAlliance is a Toronto-based architectural firm headed by architect Peter Clewes. It was formed in 1999 with the merger of Wallman Clewes Bergman (composed of Rudy Wallman, Peter Clewes and Ralph Bergman) and Van Nostrand DiCastri Arch ...
and KPMB Architects in association with Daoust Lestage Inc., McClennan Jaunkalns Miller Architects)
2015: St. Michael's Cathedral Block Master Plan, Toronto, Ontario
2013:
Bridgepoint Active Healthcare Hennick Bridgepoint Hospital, formerly Bridgepoint Active Healthcare, is a Tertiary referral hospital, complex care and rehabilitation hospital in Toronto. It is a member of the Sinai Health System, Sinai Health and affiliated with the University ...
, Toronto, Ontario (in joint venture with
Stantec Stantec Inc. is an international professional services company in the design and consulting industry. The company was founded in 1954, as ''D. R. Stanley Associates'' in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Stantec provides professional consulting servi ...
Architecture / KPMB Architects, Planning, Design and Compliance Architects, HDR Architecture /
Diamond Schmitt Architects Diamond Schmitt Architects is a Canadian architectural firm founded in 1975. It is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded by architects Jack Diamond and Donald Schmitt.Robinson, John. "Architecture for the People." ''Toronto ...
, Design, Build, Finance and Maintain Architects)
2013:
Elementary Teachers' Federation of Ontario The Elementary Teachers' Federation of Ontario (ETFO; french: Fédération des enseignants et des enseignantes de l'élémentaire de l'Ontario, FEÉO) is a labour union representing all public elementary school teachers, occasional teachers, and ...
, Toronto, Ontario
2013: Orchestra Hall Renewal, Minnesota Orchestra, Minneapolis, Minnesota
2012:
George Brown College George Brown College is a public, fully accredited college of applied arts and technology with three campuses in downtown Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Like many other colleges in Ontario, GBC was chartered in 1966 by the government of Ontario and ...
, Waterfront Campus, Toronto, Ontario (in joint venture with Stantec Architecture)
2012: The Joseph L. Rotman School of Management Expansion,
University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution ...
, Toronto, Ontario
2011:
Vaughan Vaughan () (2021 population 323,103) is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Regional Municipality of York, just north of Toronto. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increas ...
City Hall, Vaughan, Ontario
2011:
Gluskin Sheff Gluskin Sheff + Associates Inc. is a Canadian independent wealth management firm that manages investment portfolios for investors, including entrepreneurs, professionals, family trusts, private charitable foundations and estates. The company was ...
& Associates, Toronto, Ontario
2011:
Centre for International Governance Innovation The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI, pronounced "see-jee") is an independent, non-partisan think tank on global governance. CIGI supports research, forms networks, advances policy debate and generates ideas for multilateral ...
(CIGI) Campus, Waterloo, Ontario
2011: The Power Plant Gallery, Toronto, Ontario
2011:
Maple Leaf Square Maple Leaf Square is a multi-use complex and public square located in the South Core neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located to the west of the Scotiabank Arena on the former Railway Lands. The $500 million development was joint ...
(Bremner Blvd), Toronto, Ontario (in joint venture with Page+Steele, architects of record)
2010: TIFF
Bell Lightbox TIFF Bell Lightbox is a cultural centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located in the first five floors of the Bell Lightbox and Festival Tower on the north west corner of King Street and John Street. TIFF Bell Lightbox features five cinemas, two ...
and Festival Tower, Toronto, Ontario (in joint venture with Kirkor Architects & Planners, architects of record)
2010: Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa Ontario (in joint venture with Barry Padolsky Associates Inc. Architects and Gagnon Letellier Cyr Ricard Mathieu Architectes)
2009: Le Quartier Concordia Phase 2:
John Molson School of Business The John Molson School of Business, commonly known as John Molson, is a business school located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The John Molson School of Business was established in 1974 by Concordia University. Programs Undergraduate programs * ...
,
Concordia University Concordia University ( French: ''Université Concordia'') is a public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1974 following the merger of Loyola College and Sir George Williams University, Concordia is one of the t ...
, Montreal, Quebec (in joint venture with Fichten Soiferman et Associés Architectes)
2009: Block 24 E, Railway Lands West (NEO & Montage), Toronto, Ontario (in joint venture with Page + Steele Inc., architect of record)
2009:
Manitoba Hydro Place Manitoba Hydro Place (MHP) is an office tower serving as the headquarters building of Manitoba Hydro, the electric power and natural gas utility in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Located at 360 Portage Avenue in downtown Winnipeg and connected ...
, Winnipeg, Manitoba (in joint venture with Smith Carter Architects & Engineers, Executive Architect; Transsolar, Specialist Energy/Climate Engineer; Prairie Architects Inc., Advocate Architect)
2009: One Bedford Residential Development, Toronto, Ontario
2008:
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH, pronounced , french: Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale) is a psychiatric teaching hospital located in Toronto and ten community locations throughout the province of Ontario, Canada. It re ...
(CAMH), Phase 1A: Alternate Milieu, Toronto, Ontario (in joint venture with C3 Consortium, Montgomery Sisam Architects Inc. and Kearns Mancini Architects)
2008: SugarCube,
Denver Denver () is a consolidated city and county, the capital, and most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Its population was 715,522 at the 2020 census, a 19.22% increase since 2010. It is the 19th-most populous city in the Unit ...
,
Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of t ...

2008: Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre, Toronto, Ontario
2007:
Ryerson University Toronto Metropolitan University (TMU or Toronto Met) is a public university, public research university located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The university's core campus is situated within the Garden District, Toronto, Garden District, although i ...
Master Plan, Toronto, Ontario (in joint venture with Daoust Lestage Inc., Greenberg Consultants Inc. and IBI Group)
2006:
Gardiner Museum The George R. Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art (commonly shortened to the Gardiner Museum) is a ceramics museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The museum is situated within University of Toronto's St. George campus, in downtown Toronto. The museum b ...
, Toronto, Ontario
2005:
Canada's National Ballet School Canada's National Ballet School, also commonly known as the National Ballet School of Canada, is a classical ballet school located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Along with the Royal Winnipeg Ballet School The Royal Winnipeg Ballet is Canada's ...
, Toronto, Ontario (in joint venture with Goldsmith Borgal & Company Ltd. Architects)
2005: Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario
2005: Le Quartier Concordia Phase 1: Engineering/Computer Science and Visual Arts Complex,
Concordia University Concordia University ( French: ''Université Concordia'') is a public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1974 following the merger of Loyola College and Sir George Williams University, Concordia is one of the t ...
, Montreal, Quebec (in joint venture with Fichten Soiferman et Associés Architectes)
2005:
Canadian Embassy This is a list of diplomatic missions of Canada. Canada has an extensive diplomatic network maintained by Global Affairs Canada. Overview As a Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth country, Canada's diplomatic missions in the capitals of other C ...
, Berlin, Germany (in joint venture with Gagnon Letellier Cyr, architectes and Smith Carter Architects Engineers)
2004: Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre, Don Mills, Ontario 2003
740 Dr Penfield Avenue
McGill University McGill University (french: link=no, Université McGill) is an English-language public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter granted by King George IV,Frost, Stanley Brice. ''McGill Universit ...
, Montréal, Québéc.
2003: James Stewart Centre for Mathematics,
McMaster University McMaster University (McMaster or Mac) is a public research university in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The main McMaster campus is on of land near the residential neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale, adjacent to the Royal Botanical Ga ...
, Hamilton, Ontario
2003: Centennial College Applied Research and Innovation Centre, Scarborough, Ontario
2002: Ravine House, Toronto, Ontario
2001: Jackson-Triggs Niagara Estate Winery, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario
2001:
Star Alliance Star Alliance is the world's largest global airline alliance. Founded on 14 May 1997, its CEO is Jeffrey Goh and its headquarters is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. , Star Alliance is the largest of the three global alliances by passenger ...
Lounge, Zurich, Nagoya and Los Angeles
2000: Richmond City Hall, Richmond, British Columbia (in joint venture with Hotson Bakker Architects)
2000: Cardinal Ambrozic Houses of Providence, Scarborough, Ontario (in joint venture with Montgomery Sisam Architects)
2000:
Goodman Theatre Goodman Theatre is a professional theater company located in Chicago's Loop. A major part of the Chicago theatre scene, it is the city's oldest currently active nonprofit theater organization. Part of its present theater complex occupies the lan ...
,
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...
,
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...
, 1999: Chinese Cultural Centre/Community Complex, Scarborough, Ontario (in joint venture with Patrick T.Y. Chan Architect)
1998: McKee Public School, North York, Ontario
1997: Ammirati Puris Lintas, New York City, New York
1997:
Indigo Books and Music Indigo Books & Music Inc., known as "Indigo" and stylized "!ndigo", is Canada's only major English-language bookstore chain. It is Canada's largest book, gift, and specialty toy retailer, operating stores in all ten provinces and one terr ...
, Burlington, Toronto and Kingston, Ontario
1996:
Grand Valley Institution for Women Grand Valley Institution for Women (GVI; french: Établissement pour femmes Grand Valley) is a women's prison in Kitchener, Ontario, operated by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC). In Canada, all offenders sentenced to prison terms of gre ...
, Kitchener, Ontario
1994:
Design Exchange The Design Exchange (DX) is a Canadian event venue. It is located in Toronto's financial district in the historical Toronto Stock Exchange building, that was incorporated into a skyscraper in 1991, the Toronto-Dominion Centre (222 Bay Street). Th ...
, Toronto, Ontario
1993:
Kitchener City Hall Kitchener City Hall is the seat of municipal government of Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. It has gone through many iterations through the 20th century, culminating in the current building, which opened in 1993. History The original location of ...
, Kitchener, Ontario
1991: King James Place, Toronto, Ontario
1991: Reisman-Jenkinson Residence, Richmond Hill, Ontario
1987: Marc Laurent, Toronto, Ontario


Work in progress

Center for Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University
Bay Adelaide Centre, North Tower, Toronto (with Adamson Associates)
Contemporary Calgary, Calgary (with Gibbs Gage Architects)
Landscape of Landmark Quality, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
11 Wellesley, Toronto, Ontario (in joint venture with Page+Steele /
IBI Group IBI Group Inc. is a Canadian-based architecture, engineering, planning, and technology firm operating from over 60 offices in 12 countries across the world. Founded in 1974 in Toronto, Canada, IBI Group has since been ranked as one of the largest ...
)


Publications

*George Baird, Thomas Fisher, Mark Kingwell and Mirko Zardini
Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects.
Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser, 2013. *Lambert, Phyllis, Detlef Mertins, Bruce Mau and Rodolphe el-Khoury. The Architecture of Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects. Basel, Berlin, Boston: Birkhäuser - Publishers for Architecture, 2004. *Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg. A monograph in the Contemporary World Architects series. USA: Rockport Publishers Inc., 1998. oreword by George Baird; introduction by Detlef Mertins


See also

* Architecture of Toronto *
KPMB Architects KPMB is a Canadian architecture firm founded by Bruce Kuwabara, Thomas Payne, Marianne McKenna, and Shirley Blumberg, in 1987. It is headquartered in Toronto, where the majority of their work is found. Aside from designing buildings, the firm a ...


References


External links


Finding aid for the Kuwabara Payne Mckenna Blumberg fonds
Canadian Centre for Architecture The Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA; french: Centre Canadien d'Architecture) is a Architecture museum, museum of architecture and research centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 1920, rue Baile (1920, Baile Street), between r ...

KPMB Architects
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuwabara, Bruce 1949 births Living people Canadian architects Canadian people of Japanese descent People from Hamilton, Ontario University of Toronto alumni Modernist architecture in Canada Officers of the Order of Canada