The

British Rail British Railways (BR), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was a state-owned company that operated most of the overground rail transport in Great Britain from 1948 to 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the Big Four (British ra ...

Class 43 (HST) is the TOPS classification used for the InterCity 125 ''High Speed Train'' (formerly Classes 253 and 254) power cars, built by British Rail Engineering Limited from 1975 to 1982, and in service in the UK since 1976. The class is officially the fastest diesel locomotive in the world, with an absolute maximum speed of , and a regular service speed of . The record run was led by 43102 (43302) and trailed by 43159.

History and background

In the early 1970s, the British Railways Board made the decision to replace its main-line express diesel traction. Financial limitations were tight, so mass electrification was not possible. As a result, a new generation of high-speed diesel trains had to be developed. Experience with the high-speed Class 55 ''Deltic'' locomotives had shown that a low axle weight was essential to avoid damage to the track at sustained high speed, and that high-speed engines were the only way to provide a good enough power-to-weight ratio for diesels. To power the HST at up to , each power car had a new diesel engine, the 12-cylinder Paxman Valenta, running at 1,500 rpm and developing . The 70-tonne weight of the power car gave it a 17.5-tonne axle loading.

Development and design

Prototype

The prototype set was developed at the Railway Technical Centre, Derby, the power cars having been constructed by British Rail Engineering Limited's (BREL) Crewe Works and the British Rail Mark 3 passenger cars by BREL's Derby Litchurch Lane Works. The engine used in the prototype power cars was the Paxman 'Valenta' 12RP200L, which developed . The electrical equipment was supplied by

Brush A brush is a common tool with bristles, wire or other filaments. It generally consists of a handle or block to which filaments are affixed in either a parallel or perpendicular orientation, depending on the way the brush is to be gripped durin ...

. The power cars had a main driver's position at one aerodynamically shaped end with the other flat and gangwayed end having only an auxiliary driving position for shunting purposes. The two prototype power cars emerged from the works in June and August 1972 and were initially numbered 41001 and 41002, but after a short period the entire set, including the passenger coaches, became reclassified as a diesel-electric multiple unit: British Rail Class 252. The power cars were given the coaching stock numbers 43000 and 43001. After proving trials on the Eastern Region the prototype High Speed Diesel Train (HSDT) was transferred to the Western Region, where it was deployed on Paddington Bristol/Weston-super-Mare services. In May 2011 the

National Railway Museum The National Railway Museum is a museum in York forming part of the Science Museum Group. The museum tells the story of rail transport in Britain and its impact on society. It is the home of the national collection of historically significant ...

(NRM) announced that the remaining HST prototype power car 41001 would undergo full restoration work. A long-term loan was agreed between the NRM and the 125 Group of volunteers for the locomotive and a Paxman Valenta RP200L engine. The replacement engine (no. S508) was required as the original Valenta engine (no. S183) had been sectioned for display purposes. The S508 engine was lifted into the locomotive at Neville Hill TMD on 29 June 2012. The loan agreement ended in November 2019 and 41001 returned to the NRM. In order to facilitate a main line move, Class 41 prototype HST power car 41001 was re-registered as a Class 43/9 locomotive, with the number 43000. It is the only locomotive in this sub-class.

Production series

InterCity 125 Class 43 Power Car Cab Interior

The design was successful and led to production orders being placed for similar trains for the Western, Eastern, Scottish and London Midland regions. The production power cars featured a redesigned front end without conventional buffers, although a rigid drawbar can be used to connect an HST to an ordinary locomotive. Following the introduction of production HST sets, the prototype unit was withdrawn, the power cars passing to the Research Division at Derby. Of the ten prototype coaches, two were adapted for use in the

Royal Train A royal train is a set of railway carriages dedicated for the use of the monarch or other members of a royal family. Most monarchies with a railway system employ a set of royal carriages. Australia The various government railway operators of ...

, five were modified for use with the production HSTs, and three were transferred to Departmental stock. The 197 power cars produced are numbered 43002-43198. 43001 was applied to the second of the two prototype power cars, while the first of the pair (now preserved at the NRM; formerly operational on the GCR) became 43000, which is unusual because BR TOPS classification numbered its locomotives from 001 upwards (this was because it was not, at the time, classified as a locomotive).

Buffered units

In 1987, as electrification of the

East Coast Main Line The East Coast Main Line (ECML) is a electrified railway between London and Edinburgh via Peterborough, Doncaster, York, Darlington, Durham and Newcastle. The line is a key transport artery on the eastern side of Great Britain running b ...

was under way, British Rail realised that the new Mark 4 carriages for the Class 89 and Class 91 locomotives were not going to be finished in time for the introduction of electric services on the East Coast Main Line so, in late 1987, a total of eight Eastern Region power cars (Numbers 43013/014/065/067/068/080/084/123) conversions (on 43014/123) were carried out at the Derby Engineering Development Unit, whilst the other six (43013/065/067/068/080/084) were converted by the diesel repair shop at Stratford to have the lower valancing removed and buffers fitted. After being fitted with buffers, these power cars began work as surrogate DVTs to work with the Class 91s and 89. The locomotives, working with conventional Mk3 stock, worked on the line between 1987 and 1991, when the last Class 91 locomotives entered service. As well as buffers being fitted to these power cars, special remote control equipment was also added to the locomotives so they could be controlled by the locomotive at the front. Once these locomotives left DVT duties, the remote equipment was removed. After privatisation, these power cars joined the Virgin Trains fleet working both

Virgin CrossCountry Virgin CrossCountry was a train operating company in the United Kingdom operating the InterCity CrossCountry passenger franchise from January 1997 until November 2007. Virgin CrossCountry operated some of the longest direct rail services in t ...

and Virgin Trains West Coast routes, where they displaced loco-hauled stock. All the units were repainted from their original InterCity colours to the Virgin red livery. Later, Virgin Trains withdrew the HSTs when new Class 220 and

221 __NOTOC__ Year 221 ( CCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gratus and Vitellius (or, less frequently, year 974 ''Ab ...

units were delivered, and nearly all of these power cars went into storage at Long Marston. After years of storage, several of the power cars were bought by Midland Mainline to be part of

Project Rio Midland Mainline was a train operating company in the United Kingdom owned by National Express that operated the Midland Main Line franchise from April 1996 until November 2007. Midland Mainline ran fast and semi-fast passenger services fr ...

, special services running from London St Pancras to

Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The ...

while major engineering works were undertaken on the West Coast Main Line. These units were kept in the de-branded Virgin Trains livery throughout their time with Midland Mainline and put back in storage once Project Rio had finished in 2006. 43013 and 43014 joined Network Rail's New Measurement Train in 2003 and have continued to work with this service ever since. Both of these units have now had MTU engines fitted. 43080 was leased to GNER as a one-off power car, working as a spare unit that could be easily called for if an HST failed. For most of its time with GNER, it was based at Craigentinny yard in Edinburgh and was painted into GNER colours. This locomotive's lease ended in 2006 and it was returned to storage at Long Marston. In 2007, Grand Central took an interest in the stored power cars and amalgamated them into its fleet of three HST sets. In total, 43065/067/068/080/084/123 were bought by the company and ran high-speed services between Sunderland and London Kings Cross. HSTs 43084 and 43123 were the final operational Paxman Valenta power cars, being re-engined in 2010 with the MTU treatment. While at the works being re-engined, Grand Central added the orange stripe that appears on its Class 180 units, re-painted the front ends (making them look more like the non-buffered HSTs), and re-numbered the power cars into the four-hundreds. These are the current numbers: 43465 (065)/467 (067)/468 (068)/480 (080)/484 (084)/423 (123). They were withdrawn from Grand Central service in 2017 after more Class 180s were acquired.

Engines

British Rail experimented with Mirrlees Blackstone MB190 engines in four Western region examples (43167–43170) between 1987 and 1996, but this experiment was unsuccessful and the standard Paxman Valenta engines re-installed. Paxman began development of the Valenta's successor, the

Paxman VP185 The Paxman VP185 is an engine manufactured by Paxman, Colchester. It is used in marine and railway applications and available as both a V12 and V18. History The VP185 was launched in May 1993 as a successor to the Paxman Valenta. It differed f ...

, in 1987. The suggestion that British Rail participate in a trial of the new VP185 engine in the IC125 was first mooted in January 1991, and a formal agreement for the trial was signed in May 1993.Paxman and Diesel Rail Traction (A New Engine for the InterCity 125)
- Paxman History Pages - Paxman and Diesel Rail Traction. Retrieved 8 January 2011. A qualifying requirement for the trial was that the engine should undergo a British Rail Type Test which was carried out between December 1993 and February 1994. The test involved completion of 3,000 cycles, each of 10 minutes duration, with four minutes at the maximum power of and six minutes at idle, simulating the typical 'on-off' nature of IC125 duty. The test was much more severe than operational duty, where the train operates at a maximum of . The successful results of the test cleared the way for installation of a VP185 in Power Car 43170 at Plymouth Laira Depot for in-service trials in the summer of 1994. Power car 43170 entered service on 22 September 1994. 43170 was given the nameplate "Edward Paxman". During the late 1990s twenty-five HST power cars were re-engined with

engines in order to improve fuel consumption and reduce emissions. The last VP185 engine to be manufactured at Paxman's Colchester Works was despatched from the factory on 15 September 2003 as part of a programme to convert 14 Midland Mainline power cars to VP185 engines to supplement the four already converted during 1994/95, and this led to 43043/045/048-050/052/055/060/061/072/073/076/082 joining 43047/059/074/075 with this engine type. Today there are no production power cars fitted with a Paxman Valenta engine, although the 125 Group have reinstalled a Paxman Valenta in the surviving prototype power car, 41001 (formerly 43000).

Diesel-battery hybrid trial

In 2007,

Brush Traction Brush Traction is a manufacturer and maintainer of railway locomotives in Loughborough, England. It is a subsidiary of Wabtec. History Hughes's Locomotive & Tramway Engine Works Henry Hughes had been operating at the Falcon Works since ...

and

Hitachi () is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It is the parent company of the Hitachi Group (''Hitachi Gurūpu'') and had formed part of the Nissan ''zaibatsu'' and later DKB Group and Fuyo G ...

equipped Paxman Valenta powered 43089 and a semi-permanently coupled

Mark 3 Mark 3 is the third chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It relates a conflict over healing on the Sabbath, the commissioning of the Twelve Apostles, a conflict with scribes and a meeting of Jesus with h ...

coach with a diesel-battery hybrid power system for experimental trials. The power car was named "Hayabusa" (''Hayabusa'', はやぶさ, Japanese for

Peregrine falcon The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a cosmopolitan bird of prey (raptor) in the family Falconidae. A large, crow-sized falcon, it has a blue-grey bac ...

, project name 'V-Train 2'). It returned to normal service with East Midlands Trains.

Life extension

The HST, having been in operation since the late 1970s, is due for replacement by the

Hitachi Super Express The Intercity Express Programme (IEP) is an initiative of the Department for Transport (DfT) in the United Kingdom to procure new trains to replace the InterCity 125 and InterCity 225 fleets on the East Coast Main Line and Great Western Main Li ...

. The development cycle for the replacement series is such that the existing fleet may be required to operate through to 2019 or beyond. * During 2005, two Class 43 power cars (43004 and 43009) operated by First Great Western were fitted with new MTU V16 4000 engines before being tested in passenger operation on the Great Western Line. In December 2005, First announced that all its power cars would receive the MTU engine. The MTU engine offers improvements over the existing Paxman 12RP200 'Valenta' engines, with reduced noise, smoke and exhaust emissions, improved reliability and fuel efficiency. * East Coast also re-engined its fleet with MTU engines, a process begun under its predecessor GNER. East Coast's fleet of re-engined power cars have been renumbered into the 432xx and 433xx series by adding 200 to the existing power car number. * East Midlands Trains stated that it would install Paxman VP185 engines in all its power cars before the end of its franchise. It has since completed this operation, though the re-engined power cars retain their original numbers * Grand Central had fitted their HST fleet with MTU engines, with the first pair entering service on 21 September 2010; they have also been repainted with an orange stripe to match Grand Central's Class 180s. 43123 was the final Valenta power car; it now carries a plaque reading "Valenta 1972-2010". The final passenger service of a Valenta engined power car was on 19 December 2010. On 22 December 2010 the Valenta was used in four farewell tours between York and Sunderland using 43123. All power cars have been re-engined by

, Loughborough, and have been renumbered in the 43/4 range. *

CrossCountry CrossCountry (legal name XC Trains Limited) is a train operating company in the United Kingdom owned by Arriva UK Trains, operating the Cross Country franchise. The CrossCountry franchise was restructured by the Department for Transport (DfT ...

's first CrossCountry-liveried HST power car, 43301 (formerly 43101) was released from its overhaul at Brush Traction, Loughborough on 16 July 2008. To identify its fleet, CrossCountry is renumbering all its HST units by adding an extra 200 to the old number. *

Network Rail Network Rail Limited is the owner (via its subsidiary Network Rail Infrastructure Limited, which was known as Railtrack plc before 2002) and infrastructure manager of most of the railway network in Great Britain. Network Rail is an "arm's len ...

's New Measurement Train is a specially converted InterCity 125. It can check the condition of railway lines over a 13-week cycle. On the West Coast Main Line, care is taken so tilting trains can safely run. It measures contact between wheels, rails and overhead power lines and is equipped with lasers, video cameras and other instruments. It was launched in 2003, but the vehicles used for it are older. Its yellow livery has earned it the nickname "The Flying Banana", which was previously used for older High Speed Trains with a similar livery.

Operations

Diverted express seen from the B1368 bridge - geograph

When Crewe Works built them, the InterCity 125 units were considered to be

diesel multiple unit A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also ...

s, and were allocated Classes 253 and 254 for Western and Eastern Region services respectively. The locomotives were introduced in the Midland region later. Until the HST's introduction, the maximum speed of British trains was limited to 100 mph (160 km/h). The increased speed and rapid acceleration and deceleration of the HST made it ideal for passenger use, and it slashed journey times around the country. The prototype InterCity 125 (power cars 43000 and 43001) set the

world record A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, sport, or other kind of activity. The book ''Guinness World Records'' and other world records organization ...

for diesel traction at 143 mph (230 km/h) on 12 June 1973. An HST also holds the world speed record for a diesel train carrying passengers. On 27 September 1985, a special press run for the launch of a new Tees-Tyne Pullman service from Newcastle to London King's Cross, formed of a shortened 2+5 set, briefly touched north of

York York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a ...

. During 1987, eight HST power cars were converted for use as driving van trailers (DVTs) with Class 91 locomotives during trials on the East Coast Main Line. The power cars were fitted with buffers and time-division multiplex equipment that allowed them to directly control a Class 91, and were moved over to the ECML where they were used on workings with Class 89 and then Class 91 locomotives from London to Leeds. After the Mk 4 stock had been delivered, the HST power cars had the TDM equipment removed, and then reverted to their normal duties. The power cars used for this project can be easily identified as they are still fitted with buffers. They were then transferred to Virgin Cross Country, and put in storage when Virgin replaced its HST fleet with

Bombardier Voyager The Bombardier Voyager is a family of high-speed 125 mph diesel-electric multiple units built in Belgium by Bombardier Transportation, for service on the railway network of the United Kingdom. Construction of the Voyager family took place bet ...

s (though Arriva, upon later taking over the franchise, acquired 10 power cars, 4 of which were buffered). Grand Central bought six of these for services from

Sunderland Sunderland () is a port city in Tyne and Wear, England. It is the City of Sunderland's administrative centre and in the Historic counties of England, historic county of County of Durham, Durham. The city is from Newcastle-upon-Tyne and is on t ...

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

, the remaining two having been integrated into Network Rail's New Measurement Train. After the

privatisation of British Rail The privatisation of British Rail was the process by which ownership and operation of the railways of Great Britain passed from government control into private hands. Begun in 1994, it had been completed by 1997. The deregulation of the indust ...

the HST sets continued to be used. 193 of the 197 locomotives built remain in service. The four units that are not in service, 43173, 43011, 43019 and 43140, were written off by fatal rail accidents in

1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; '' Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...

2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...

and 2020 respectively. GWR Castle HST set

All HSTs operating with

Great Western Railway The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company that linked London with the southwest, west and West Midlands of England and most of Wales. It was founded in 1833, received its enabling Act of Parliament on 31 August 1835 and ran ...

London North Eastern Railway London North Eastern Railway (LNER) is a British train operating company. It is owned by the DfT OLR Holdings for the Department for Transport (DfT). The company's name echoes that of the London and North Eastern Railway, one of the Big Fou ...

were replaced by Class 800/ 801/ 802s in 2018/2019. Twenty-seven sets each with four or five carriages moved from Great Western Railway to

Abellio ScotRail Abellio ScotRail, operating services under the name ScotRail, was the national train operating company of Scotland. A subsidiary of Abellio, it operated the ScotRail franchise from 1 April 2015, taking over from predecessor First ScotRail. ...

and be refurbished with controlled emission tanks and plug automatic doors. They will operate on services from

Edinburgh Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...

and

Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popu ...

Aberdeen Aberdeen (; sco, Aiberdeen ; gd, Obar Dheathain ; la, Aberdonia) is a city in North East Scotland, and is the third most populous city in the country. Aberdeen is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas (as Aberdeen City), a ...

and

Inverness Inverness (; from the gd, Inbhir Nis , meaning "Mouth of the River Ness"; sco, Innerness) is a city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for The Highland Council and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands. Histor ...

. The first two were delivered to

Craigentinny TMD Craigentinny Traction Maintenance Depot (also known as Craigentinny Train Maintenance Centre) is a railway depot in the Craigentinny area of Edinburgh, Scotland. The depot is operated by Hitachi Rail with a depot code of EC. The depot opened i ...

for crew training in September 2017. The first entered service in October 2018. Great Western Railway retained 24 power cars to form 11 four-carriage formations known as "Castle Class" sets for use on local services between

Cardiff Cardiff (; cy, Caerdydd ) is the capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of Wales. It forms a Principal areas of Wales, principal area, officially known as the City and County of Cardiff ( cy, Dinas a ...

and

Penzance Penzance ( ; kw, Pennsans) is a town, civil parish and port in the Penwith district of Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is the most westerly major town in Cornwall and is about west-southwest of Plymouth and west-southwest of London. Situ ...

Future

GB Railfreight GB Railfreight (GBRf) is a rail freight company in the United Kingdom. As of 2022, it is owned by the global investment company Infracapital. GB Railfreight was established in April 1999 as the rail freight operating subsidiary of the train o ...

have expressed interest in the possibility of converting displaced HST sets for use carrying parcels and other mail. In 2021, RailAdventure acquired the six 43/4 power cars, plus an additional two for spares, for use on stock movements as part of its entrance into the UK market through the acquisition of Hanson and Hall Rail Services. Two were exported to Germany in September 2021.Stock Update ''The Railway Magazine'' issue 1447 October 2021 page 95 On 25 November 2022, Great Western Railway announced they would be retiring their ‘Castle’ fleet. The withdrawals are expected to take place over the next few years.

Fleet

Summary

List

{, class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! Original Number !! New Number !! Name !! Operator !Previous Operator !Livery!! Status !! Notes , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43002 , , – , , ''Sir Kenneth Grange'' , ,

, InterCity Blue & Grey, , Preserved , , Preserved at the

. Part of the

National Collection The UK National Collection is a collection of around 280 historic rail vehicles (predominantly of British origin). The majority of the collection is kept at four national museums: * National Railway Museum, York * Locomotion, Shildon * Scienc ...

. , - , 43003 , , rowspan="3" , – , , , ,

ScotRail ScotRail Trains Limited, trading as ScotRail ( gd, Rèile na h-Alba), is a Scottish train operating company that is publicly owned by Scottish Rail Holdings on behalf of the Scottish Government. It has been operating the ScotRail franchise ...

, ,

, , rowspan="3" , In service , , Formerly ''

Isambard Kingdom Brunel Isambard Kingdom Brunel (; 9 April 1806 – 15 September 1859) was a British civil engineer who is considered "one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history," "one of the 19th-century engineering giants," and "on ...

.'' , - , 43004 , , '' Caerphilly Castle'' , , rowspan="2" ,

, , rowspan="2" , , rowspan="2" , Great Western Railway, , rowspan="2" , , - , 43005 , , '' St. Michael's Mount'' , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43006 , , 43206 , , , , –, ,

, InterCity Blue & Grey, , Stored , , Used in LNER HST charity railtour along with 43312.
Stored at Ely. , - , 43007 , , 43207 , , rowspan="2" , , , rowspan="2" ,

, , Midland Mainline , rowspan="2" , CrossCountry, , rowspan="2" , In service , , , - , 43008 , , 43208 , ,

, , Formerly '' Lincolnshire Echo''. Nameplate sold in 2020. , - , 43009 , , rowspan="2" , – , '' Nunney Castle'', , rowspan="2" ,

, , rowspan="2" , , rowspan="2" , Great Western Railway, , rowspan="2" , In service , , rowspan="2" , 43010 formerly named ''

TSW Today ''TSW Today'' was the news programme on Television South West, the ITV licensee for South West England. The programme began as ''Today South West'' on 4 January 1982, then in 1987 it was renamed ''Today'' and in 1989, it became ''TSW Today.'' ...

'', denamed January 1993, about 1 month after TSW lost its region , - , 43010 , , '' Lydford Castle '' , -bgcolor=#cccccc , 43011 , , – , , , , – ,

First Great Western Great Western Railway (GWR) is a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup FirstGroup plc is a British multi-national transport group, based in Aberdeen, Scotland.Ladbroke Grove Rail Crash The Ladbroke Grove rail crash (also known as the Paddington rail crash) was a rail accident which occurred on 5 October 1999 at Ladbroke Grove in London, England, when two passenger trains collided almost head-on after one of them had passed a ...

. , - , 43012 , , rowspan="5" , – , , , ,

, ScotRail, , rowspan="5" , In service , , , - , 43013 , , '' Mark Carne OBE'' , rowspan="2" ,

, rowspan="2" ,

, rowspan="2" , Network Rail Yellow, , rowspan="2" , Used for the New Measurement Train. Buffered. , - , 43014 , , ''

Berkeley Castle Berkeley Castle ( ; historically sometimes spelled as ''Berkley Castle'' or ''Barkley Castle'') is a castle in the town of Berkeley, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. The castle's origins date back to the 11th century, and it has been desi ...

'' , - , 43015 , , , ,

, ScotRail, , rowspan="2" , , - , 43016 , '' Powderham Castle'', ,

, , Great Western Railway , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43017 , , – , , –, , – ,

, First Great Western, , Stored , , Stored at Ely. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43018 , , ''The Red Cross'' , ,

Crewe Heritage Centre Crewe Heritage Centre is a railway museum located in Crewe, England. Managed by the Crewe Heritage Trust, the museum is located between the railway station and the town centre; the site was the location of the 'Old Works' which was demolished in ...

, Intercity Blue and Grey , Preserved , , Preserved at

. , -bgcolor=#cccccc , 43019 , , – , , , , – ,

First Great Western Great Western Railway (GWR) is a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup FirstGroup plc is a British multi-national transport group, based in Aberdeen, Scotland.Ufton Nervet Rail Crash The Ufton Nervet rail crash was a collision between a train and car on a level crossing near Ufton Nervet, Berkshire, England, in 2004. Seven people, including the drivers of the train and the car, were killed. An inquest found that the crash ...

. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43020 , , – , , , ,

, First Great Western, , Stored , , Stored at Ely. , - , 43021 , – , , ,

, ScotRail, , rowspan="2" , In service , , - , 43022 , , ''

Nether Stowey Castle Stowey Castle (or Nether Stowey Castle known locally as The Mount) was a Normans, Norman motte-and-bailey castle, built in the 11th century, in the village of Nether Stowey on the Quantock Hills in Somerset, England. It has been designated as a S ...

'' ,

, , Great Western Railway , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43023 , rowspan="3" , – , rowspan="3" , , , rowspan="3" , – , rowspan="3" ,

, rowspan="3" , First Great Western , rowspan="3" , Stored , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43024 , , rowspan="2" , Stored at Ely. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43025 , - , 43026 , , – , , , ,

, ScotRail, , In service , , Formerly ''

City of Westminster The City of Westminster is a city and borough in Inner London. It is the site of the United Kingdom's Houses of Parliament and much of the British government. It occupies a large area of central Greater London, including most of the West En ...

'' and '' Michael Eavis''. , - , 43027 , – , ''

Acton Castle Acton Castle is a small castellated mansion near Perranuthnoe, Cornwall. It is a Grade II* listed building. It was built , and according to some sources around 1790, by John Stackhouse of Pendarves, who was a distinguished botanist with an in ...

'', ,

, First Great Western , In service , Formerly ''

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...

'' and ''Glorious Devon''. , - , 43028 , – , , ,

, ScotRail , In service , , - , 43029 , – , ''

Caldicot Castle Caldicot Castle ( cy, Castell Cil-y-coed) is an extensive stone medieval castle in the town of Caldicot, Monmouthshire, in southeast Wales, built near the site of Harold Godwinson's former Saxon castle by the Norman earls of Hereford from abo ...

'' ,

, First Great Western , In service , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43030 , , , , – ,

, ScotRail , Stored, , Involved in the Stonehaven derailment, parts source at Haymarket TMD. , - , 43031 , rowspan="7" , – , rowspan="7" , , rowspan="7" ,

, rowspan="7" ,

, rowspan="7" , ScotRail , rowspan="7" , In service , rowspan="2" , , - , 43032 , - , 43033 , Formerly '' Driver Brian Cooper.'' , - , 43034 , rowspan="4" , , - , 43035 , - , 43036 , - , 43037 , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43038 , , 43238 , , , , – , ,

East Midlands Railway Abellio East Midlands Limited, trading as East Midlands Railway (EMR), is a train operating company in England, owned by Abellio, and is the current operator of the East Midlands franchise. History In March 2017, the Department for Transport ...

, LNER all red , Stored , Formerly ''

40 Years 1975-2015.'' Nameplate sold in 2020. , - , 43039 , , 43239 , , , ,

, ,

, Crosscountry , rowspan="4" , In service , , - , 43040 , , rowspan="3" , – , '' Berry Pomeroy Castle'', , rowspan="3" ,

, , rowspan="3" , , rowspan="3" , Great Western Railway , Vinyled in a Falklands 40 livery in June 2022. , - , 43041 , , ''

St Catherine's Castle St Catherine's Castle ( kw, Kastel S. Kattrin) is a Henrician castle in Cornwall, England, built by Thomas Treffry between approximately 1538 and 1540, in response to fears of an invasion of England by France and the Holy Roman Empire. The D ...

'' , rowspan="2" , , - , 43042 , , ''

Tregenna Castle Tregenna Castle, ( kw, Kastel Tregenow, meaning "Kenow’s settlement") in St Ives, Cornwall, was built by Samuel Stephens in the 18th century and is named after the hill on which it stands. The estate was sold in 1871 and became a hotel, a purp ...

'' , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43043 , – , , – ,

, East Midlands Trains , Stored , , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43044 , rowspan="6" , – , ''Edward Paxman'' , 125 Group ,

, InterCity Executive , rowspan="6" , Preserved , Purchased by the 125 Group in 2021. Currently stored at the

Nottingham Heritage Railway The Nottingham Heritage Railway (formerly known as Great Central Railway (Nottingham) and Nottingham Transport Heritage Centre) is a heritage railway and transport museum on the south side of the village of Ruddington in Nottinghamshire. Th ...

. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43045 , , , Colas Rail , East Midlands Trains , Entered preservation at the Long Marston Rail Innovation Centre. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43046 , ''Geoff Drury 1930-1999
Steam Preservation and Computerised Track Recording Pioneer'' , rowspan="2" ,

Locomotive Services Limited Locomotive Services Limited is a train operating company in Great Britain. The company operates rail tours using heritage steam, diesel and electric locomotives with support from associated companies and trusts. History In August 2017, Locomo ...

, rowspan="4" ,

, Blue Pullman , Blue Pullman livery. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43047 , rowspan="2" , , rowspan="2" , East Midlands Trains , , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43048 , 125 Group , Preserved at 125 Group. Formerly '' T.C.B. Miller MBE.'' , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43049 , '' Neville Hill'' ,

, InterCity Swallow , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43050 , – , , , , – , Colas Rail , East Midlands Trains , Stored , Stored at Long Marston. , - , 43051 , , 43251 , , , Colas Rail, ,

, LNER, , In service, , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43052 , , rowspan="3" , – , , rowspan="3" , , rowspan="3" , – ,

, East Midlands Trains , , rowspan="3" , Stored , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43053 ,

, First Great Western, , Stored at Long Marston. Formerly '' University of Worcester''. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43054 ,

, East Midlands Trains, , , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43055 , , rowspan="2", – , rowspan="2", ,

, Blue Pullman , Preserved , Blue Pullman livery. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43056 , , Welsh Railways Trust ,

, First Great Western , Preserved, , Stored at Laira. Donated to the Welsh Railways Trust in 2021 and based at the Gwili Railway. Formerly ''

Royal British Legion The Royal British Legion (RBL), formerly the British Legion, is a British charity providing financial, social and emotional support to members and veterans of the British Armed Forces, their families and dependants, as well as all others in ...

''. , - , 43057 , , 43257 , , , Colas Rail ,

, LNER , In service , Formerly ''

Bounds Green Bounds Green is a residential suburb just north of Wood Green, in the London Borough of Haringey in north London. Parts of it are also known as New Southgate, but most of New Southgate lies in the London Borough of Enfield to the north-west. B ...

.'' Nameplate sold in 2020. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43058 , , rowspan="2" , – , rowspan="2" , , , rowspan="2" ,

, , rowspan="2" ,

, rowspan="2" , Rail Charter Services Green & Silver , rowspan="2" , Preserved, , rowspan="2" , Painted green with a silver stripe in 2021. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43059 , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43060 , – , , , Colas Rail , East Midlands Trains , Stored , Stored at Long Marston. , -bgcolor=#cccccc , 43061 , , – , , , , – ,

, East Midlands Trains, , Scrapped , , Scrapped at Sims Metal, Newport October 2021. , - , 43062 , -, , '' John Armitt'', ,

, Network Rail Yellow , In service, , Used for the New Measurement Train. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43063 , rowspan="2" , – , , rowspan="4" , , , rowspan="2" , – ,

, First Great Western , rowspan="6" , Stored, , rowspan="2" , Stored at Laira & Long Marston , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43064 , rowspan="5" ,

, East Midlands Trains , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43065 , , 43465 , RailAdventure , EMR Plain Blue, , Buffered. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43066 , , – , – , rowspan="3" , East Midlands Trains, , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43067 , , 43467 , , '' Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service''
'' British Transport Police Nottingham'' , rowspan="2" , RailAdventure, , Buffered.
One name on each side. Named after the crews responding to the Nottingham station fire on 12 January 2018. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43068 , , 43468 , , , , Buffered. , --bgcolor=#cccccc , 43069 , , – , , – ,

, First Great Western , Scrapped, , Used as a spares donor for Great Western Railway's fleet of ‘Castle’ power cars at Plymouth Laira depot, taken for scrapping at Sims Metal, Newport on 31 May 2022. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43070 , , , , , First Great Western , Stored , Stored at Laira. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43071 , , – , , ,

Colne Valley Railway The Colne Valley Railway is a heritage railway based at Castle Hedingham Station, near Halstead in Essex, England. The railway consists of a long running line, with a fully reconstructed station, signal box and railway yard. History The r ...

, First Great Western , Preserved , Preserved by 125 Heritage in November 2021. Formerly 'Forward Birmingham' after the Exmouth based Trent. , - , 43072 , , 43272 , , , Colas Rail, ,

, LNER , In service , Based at Derby R.T.C. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43073 , , – , , '' Neville Hill HST Depot 42 Years'' ,

, East Midlands Trains , Preserved , Preserved by 125 Heritage in November 2021. , - , 43074 , , 43274 , , , Colas Rail ,

, EMR Purple , In service , Formerly ''Spirit of Sunderland'', nameplate sold in 2020. Based at Derby R.T.C. , -bgcolor=#cccccc , 43075 , , – , , , , – ,

, East Midlands Trains , Scrapped , Scrapped at Sims Metal, Newport October 2021. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43076 , , rownspan="4" , – , rowspan="4" , , rowspan="4" , – ,

, East Midlands Trains , rowspan="5" , Stored , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43077 , , 43277 , Colas Rail , LNER , , Stored at Derby R.T.C. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43078 , , rowspan="2" , – , rowspan="2" ,

, rowspan="2" , First Great Western, , rowspan="2" , Stored at Laira. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43079 , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43080 , , 43480 , , ''West Hampstead PSB'', , RailAdventure ,

, RailAdventure, , Buffered, exported to Germany September 2021. Returned to Eastleigh in 2022. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43081 , , rowspan="3" , – , , rowspan="3" , , ,

, rowspan="3" ,

, rowspan="3" , East Midlands Trains , rowspan="3" , Preserved , Preserved at Crewe Heritage Centre. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43082 ,

, '' The Railway Children'' Preserved by 125 Heritage Ltd in October 2021. , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43083 ,

, , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43084 , , 43484 , , RailAdventure ,

, RailAdventure , In service, , Buffered, exported to Germany September 2021. Returned to Eastleigh in 2022. , - , 43085 , , 43285 , , ,

, , Midland Mainline , Crosscountry , In service , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43086 , , rowspan="2" , – , rowspan="2" , , , rowspan="2" , – , rowspan="2" ,

, rowspan="2" , First Great Western , rowspan="2" , Stored at Laira , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43087 , , Stored at Laira. , - , 43088 , – , ''

Dartmouth Castle Dartmouth Castle is an artillery fort, built to protect Dartmouth harbour in Devon, England. The earliest parts of the castle date from the 1380s, when, in response to the threat of a French attack, the civic authorities created a small enclosu ...

'', ,

, Great Western Railway , In service, , , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43089 , – , , , 125 Group ,

, East Midlands Trains , Preserved , {{unbulleted, Previously ''Hayabusa'' diesel-battery hybrid testbed.
Preserved at 125 Group. , - , 43090 , , 43290 , ,

, ,

, LNER , In service, , Formerly ''mtu fascination of power'' , Formerly ''MTU Fascination of Power'', nameplate sold in 2020. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43091 , , – , , , – ,

, First Great Western, , Stored , , Stored at Laira. , - , 43092 , , rowspan="3" , – , , '' Cromwell's Castle'' , , rowspan="3" ,

, rowspan="3" ,

, rowspan="3" , Great Western Railway, , rowspan="3" , In service , , , - , 43093 , , ''

'' , Formerly ''

Old Oak Common Old Oak Common is an area of Hammersmith, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, West London. Together with neighbouring Park Royal, the area is intended to become the UK's largest regeneration scheme, the scale of which has led to ...

HST Depot 1976-2018'' , - , 43094 , , '' St Mawes Castle'' , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43095 , , 43295 , , rowspan="2", , , – , , rowspan="2",

, LNER , , rowspan="2" , Stored , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43096 , , 43296 , RailAdventure , East Midlands Trains , Stored. To be used as a spares donor. , - , 43097 , , rowspan="2" , – , , '' Castle Drogo'' , rowspan="2" ,

, , rowspan="2",

, rowspan="2" , Great Western Railway , rowspan="3" , In service , Formerly ''Environment Agency.'' , - , 43098 , ''

Walton Castle Walton Castle is a 17th-century, Grade II listed mock castle set upon a hill in Clevedon, North Somerset, England, on the site of an earlier Iron Age hill fort. History The Domesday Book records the site as belonging to "Gunni The Dane", how ...

'' , rowspan="2" , , - , 43099 , , 43299 , , , , , ,

, , ,

, LNER , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43100 , , 43300 , , , , – , , ,

, LNER , Stored, , Damaged in a collision with 800109 at Neville Hill on 13 November 2019. Formerly named '' Craigentinny'', nameplate sold in 2020. , - , 43101 , , 43301 , , ,

, ,

, Crosscountry, , In service, , , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43102 , , 43302 , , ''The Journey Shrinker''
''148.5 MPH The Worlds Fastest Diesel Train'', ,

, ,

, InterCity Swallow, , Preserved, , Along with 43159, 43102 (43302) holds the world record for the fastest diesel locomotive in the world. Repainted into InterCity ''Swallow'' livery in February 2021. Donated to the

after withdrawal from service in May 2021 and currently on display at Shildon.{{cite magazine , title=LNER HST to receive historic BR livery , magazine=The Railway Magazine , issue=1425 , date=December 2019 , page=7 , editor-first=Chris , editor-last=Milner , issn=0033-8923 , publisher=Morton's Media Group , location=Horncastle , volume=165 , department=Headline News , - , 43103 , , 43303 , , rowspan="2" , , , rowspan="2" ,

, ,

, rowspan="2" , Crosscountry, , rowspan="2" , In service , , rowspan="2" , , - , 43104 , , 43304 , Midland Mainline , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43105 , , 43305 , , rowspan="8" , , , rowspan="3" , – , rowspan="6" ,

, rowspan="7" , LNER , , rowspan="8" , Stored , , rowspan="3", , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43106 , , 43306 , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43107 , , 43307 , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43108 , , 43308 , RailAdventure , Stored. To be used as a spares donor. Formerly named ''BBC Television Railwatch'' and later named ''

Highland Chieftain The ''Highland Chieftain'' is a named British passenger train operated by London North Eastern Railway. It operates daily in each direction between London King's Cross and Inverness Inverness (; from the gd, Inbhir Nis , meaning "Mout ...

'', nameplate auctioned in 2020. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43109 , , 43309 , – , rowspan="3" , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43110 , , 43310 , rowspan="3" , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43111 , , 43311 , rowspan="2" ,

, -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43112 , , 43312 , British Rail Blue & Grey , Used in LNER HST charily railtour along with 43206.
Stored at Ely. , -bgcolor=#cccccc , 43113 , , 43313 , , ,

, LNER , Scrapped , Damaged in a collision on 31 October 2019. Was previously stored for use as a source of spare parts for

. Taken for scrapping at Sims Metal, Newport on 23 February 2022. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43114 , , 43314 , rowspan="4" , , rowspan="7" , ,

, rowspan="7" , , rowspan="7" , Stored, , rowspan="7" , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43115 , , 43315 ,

, -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43116 , , 43316 , rowspan="5" ,

, -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43117 , , 43317 , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43118 , , 43318 , , ''Celebrating Forty Years'' , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43119 , , 43319 , , rowspan="2" , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43120 , , 43320 , - , 43121 , , 43321 , , , ,

, , rowspan="2" ,

, Crosscountry , rowspan="2" , In service , , - , 43122 , , – , , ''

Dunster Castle Dunster Castle is a former motte and bailey castle, now a country house, in the village of Dunster, Somerset, England. The castle lies on the top of a steep hill called the Tor, and has been fortified since the late Anglo-Saxon period. After th ...

'' ,

, Great Western Railway , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43123 , , 43423 , , '' Valenta 1972-2010'', , RailAdventure , ,

, East Midlands Trains , Stored , , , - , 43124 , , rowspan="16" , – , , rowspan="10" , , , rowspan="16" ,

, , rowspan="16" ,

, rowspan="16" , ScotRail , rowspan="16", In service , rowspan="10" , , - , 43125 , - , 43126 , - , 43127 , - , 43128 , - , 43129 , - , 43130 , - , 43131 , - , 43132 , - , 43133 , - , 43134 , ''Gordon Aikman BEM'' , Named in June 2021. , - , 43135 , rowspan="5" , , rowspan="4" , , - , 43136 , - , 43137 , - , 43138 , - , 43139 , ''Formerly Driver Stan Martin.'' , -bgcolor=#cccccc , 43140 , , – , , , , – ,

, Abellio Scotrail, , Scrapped , , Scrapped after the Stonehaven derailment. , - , 43141 , rowspan="15" , – , rowspan="12" , , rowspan="12" ,

, rowspan="12" ,

, rowspan="12" , ScotRail , rowspan="15" , In service , rowspan="10" , , - , 43142 , - , 43143 , - , 43144 , - , 43145 , - , 43146 , - , 43147 , - , 43148 , - , 43149 , - , 43150 , - , 43151 , , Formerly known as Blue Peter II. , - , 43152 , , , - , , – , , , , – , 43153 , , ''

Chûn Castle Chûn Castle is a large Iron Age hillfort (ringfort) near Penzance in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The fort was built about 2,500 years ago, and fell into disuse until the early centuries AD when it was possibly re-occupied to protect the ...

'' , , rowspan="3" ,

, rowspan="3" ,

Rougemont Castle Rougemont Castle, also known as Exeter Castle, is the historic castle of the city of Exeter, Devon, England. It was built into the northern corner of the Roman city walls starting in or shortly after the year 1068, following Exeter's rebellion ...

'' , Formerly '' The Red Arrows'' , - , 43156 , , '' Maen Castle'' ,

First Great Western Great Western Railway (GWR) is a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup FirstGroup plc is a British multi-national transport group, based in Aberdeen, Scotland.Dartington International Summer School Dartington International Summer School is a summer school and festival of music held on the medieval estate of Dartington Hall and is a department of the Dartington Trust. Operation First established at Bryanston School in 1948 (largely throu ...

'' , - , 43157 , , 43357 , ,

, rowspan="2" ,

, Crosscountry , rowspan="2" , In service , rowspan="2" , , - , 43158 , , , '' Kingswear Castle'', ,

, Great Western Railway , -bgcolor=#eaf3ff , 43159 , , – , , , , 125 Group ,

, First Great Western, , Preserved , , Donated to the 125 Group in 2021, currently stored awaiting restoration at the

.
Along with 43102 (43302), 43159 holds the world record for the fastest diesel locomotive in the world. , - , 43160 , , – , , '' Castle-an-Dinas'', ,

, ,

, Great Western Railway , In service, , , Formerly '' Porterbrook and '' Moir Lockhead''. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43161 , - , , , –, ,

, First Great Western, , Stored at Laira, , , - , 43162 , , , '' Caerhays Castle'', ,

, ,

, Great Western Railway, , rowspan="3" , In Service , , , Formerly 'Storm Force' named after the

RNLI The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) is the largest charity that saves lives at sea around the coasts of the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, as well as on some inland waterways. It i ...

club for children. , - , 43163 , rowspan="2" , – , rowspan="2" , , , rowspan="2" ,

, rowspan="2" ,

, rowspan="2" , ScotRail, , Involved in the

Southall Rail Crash The Southall rail crash occurred on 19 September 1997, on the Great Western Main Line at Southall, West London. An InterCity 125 high speed passenger train (HST) failed to slow down in response to warning signals and collided with a freight t ...

. , - , 43164 , , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43165 , , – , , , , – ,

, First Great Western, , Stored , , Stored at Ely. , - , 43166 , , 43366 , , ''HST 40
Celebrating 40 years of High Speed Train services on the CrossCountry Network'', ,

, , Midland Mainline , Crosscountry, , In service , , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43167 , , 43367 , , , , – ,

, LNER, , Stored , , Formerly '' Deltic 50 1965-2005.'' , - , 43168 , , rowspan="3" , – , , rowspan="2" , , , rowspan="2" ,

, , rowspan="2" ,

, rowspan="2" , ScotRail, , rowspan="5" , In service , , rowspan="4" , , - , 43169 , - , 43170 , , ''

Chepstow Castle Chepstow Castle ( cy, Castell Cas-gwent) at Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Wales is the oldest surviving post-Roman stone fortification in Britain. Located above cliffs on the River Wye, construction began in 1067 under the instruction of the Norman ...

'' , rowspan="3" ,

, , rowspan="3" , , rowspan="3" , Great Western Railway , - , 43171 , rowspan="2" , – , , ''

Raglan Castle Raglan Castle ( cy, Castell Rhaglan) is a late medieval castle located just north of the village of Raglan in the county of Monmouthshire in south east Wales. The modern castle dates from between the 15th and early 17th centuries, when the succ ...

'' , - , 43172 , ''

Tiverton Castle Tiverton Castle is the remains of a medieval castle dismantled after the Civil War and thereafter converted in the 17th century into a country house. It occupies a defensive position above the banks of the River Exe at Tiverton in Devon. Desc ...

'' , Formerly '' Harry Patch.'' , -bgcolor=#cccccc , 43173 , , – , , , , – , Great Western Trains , Great Western Trains 'Merlin', , Scrapped , , Scrapped after the

. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43174 , , – , , , , – ,

, First Great Western, , Stored , , Stored at Ely. , - , 43175 , , rowspan="3" , – , , rowspan="5" , , , rowspan="3" ,

, rowspan="3" ,

, rowspan="3" , ScotRail , rowspan="5" , In service , , rowspan="5" , , - , 43176 , - , 43177 , - , 43178 , , 43378 , ,

, , Midland Mainline , Crosscountry , - , 43179 , , – , ,

, ScotRail , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43180 , , – , , – ,

, First Great Western , Stored , Stored at Laira. , - , 43181 , , rowspan="3" , – , rowspan="4" , , rowspan="3" ,

, rowspan="3" ,

, rowspan="3" , ScotRail , rowspan="4" , In service , rowspan="3" , , - , 43182 , - , 43183 , - , 43184 , , 43384 , ,

, Midland Mainline , InterCity Executive , Painted in current livery in 2022. , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43185 , , – , , , – ,

, InterCity Swallow, , Stored , , Formerly ''Great Western.'' , - , 43186 , , rowspan="4" , – , , '' Taunton Castle'' , rowspan="4" ,

, rowspan="4" , , rowspan="4" , Great Western Railway, , rowspan="4" , In service , , , - , 43187 , , ''

Cardiff Castle Cardiff Castle ( cy, Castell Caerdydd) is a medieval castle and Victorian Gothic revival mansion located in the city centre of Cardiff, Wales. The original motte and bailey castle was built in the late 11th century by Norman invaders on top ...

'' , Formerly ''Y Cymru The Welshman'' , - , 43188 , '' Newport Castle / Y Cymru The Welshman / Geraint Thomas'' , rowspan="2" , , - , 43189 , , '' Launceston Castle'' , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43190 , rowspan="2" , – , rowspan="2" , , rowspan="2" , – , rowspan="2" ,

, rowspan="2" , First Great Western , rowspan="2" , Stored , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43191 , Stored at Ely. , - , 43192 , – , '' Trematon Castle'' ,

, - , Great Western Railway , In service , , -bgcolor=#cccccc , 43193 , , – , , , , – ,

, First Great Western, , Scrapped , , Used as a spares donor for Great Western Railway's fleet of ‘Castle’ power cars at Plymouth Laira depot, taken for scrapping at Sims Metal, Newport on 31 May 2022. , - , 43194 , , – , , '' Okehampton Castle'' , ,

, Great Western Railway, , In service , , , -bgcolor=#fee7e6 , 43195 , , – , , , , – ,

, First Great Western, , Stored , , Stored as a source of spare parts at Plymouth Laira after hitting a tree. , - , 43196 , , – , , ,

, Great Western Railway, , Stored at Laira , , , -bgcolor=#cccccc , 43197 , , – , , , , – ,

, Great Western Railway, , In service , , One name on each side. Formerly ''Oxfordshire 2007.''

Fortieth anniversary

Sir Kenneth Grange at the National Railway Museum (4) 43185

On 2 May 2016 an open day was held at

Bristol Bristol () is a City status in the United Kingdom, city, Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county and unitary authority in England. Situated on the River Avon, Bristol, River Avon, it is bordered by the ceremonial counties of Glouces ...

St Philip's Marsh depot with a line up of Class 43s from each operator (except

) to celebrate the HST's fortieth anniversary. Several locomotives and passenger trains also appeared, such as 150 247 and 166 214 both in their new GWR liveries, 158 798 in its Springboard Opportunity Group livery and the prototype Class 41 HST. At the event, power car 43002 (Numbered 253 001 as a Diesel Multiple Unit) was unveiled in original Intercity 125 livery, and named ''Sir Kenneth Grange'' after the Class 43's bodyshell designer. On 2 October 2016, power car 43185 was unveiled in InterCity ''Swallow'' livery. Both were operated by Great Western Railway (First Great Western) and 43002 is now preserved.

Accidents

There have also been four serious incidents involving Class 43s; these accidents resulted in four power cars being written off. *

Southall rail crash The Southall rail crash occurred on 19 September 1997, on the Great Western Main Line at Southall, West London. An InterCity 125 high speed passenger train (HST) failed to slow down in response to warning signals and collided with a freight t ...

: on 19 September 1997, 43173 leading a

Swansea Swansea (; cy, Abertawe ) is a coastal city and the second-largest city of Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the C ...

London Paddington Paddington, also known as London Paddington, is a Central London railway terminus and London Underground station complex, located on Praed Street in the Paddington area. The site has been the London terminus of services provided by the Great We ...

service which failed to stop at a red signal, which resulted in a high-speed collision with a freight train. *

Ladbroke Grove rail crash The Ladbroke Grove rail crash (also known as the Paddington rail crash) was a rail accident which occurred on 5 October 1999 at Ladbroke Grove in London, England, when two passenger trains collided almost head-on after one of them had passed a ...

: on 5 October 1999, a British Rail Class 165 unit 165 115, passed a signal set at danger while leaving London Paddington on a Thames Trains service. This resulted in a serious collision with 43011, forming a London-bound HST service. *

Ufton Nervet rail crash The Ufton Nervet rail crash was a collision between a train and car on a level crossing near Ufton Nervet, Berkshire, England, in 2004. Seven people, including the drivers of the train and the car, were killed. An inquest found that the crash ...

: on 6 November 2004, 43019 leading a London to

Plymouth Plymouth () is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in South West England. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately south-west of Exeter and south-west of London. It is bordered by Cornwall to ...

service, collided with a car on the Ufton Nervet level crossing. The impact with the car resulted in a serious derailment which killed six people aboard the train, including the driver. * Stonehaven derailment: on 12 August 2020, 43140 leading an

service struck a landslide near Stonehaven on the Dundee-Aberdeen line, derailing the train and killing three.{{cite magazine , title=Three dead, six injured in horrific Scottish HST derailment , magazine=The Railway Magazine , publisher=Mortons Media Ltd , location=Horncastle , issue=1434 , volume=166 , date=September 2020 , pages=6–7 , issn=0033-8923 {{Cite news, date=12 August 2020, title='Serious injuries' after train derails during storms, work=BBC News, url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-53751678, access-date=12 August 2020, archive-date=12 August 2020, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812113925/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-53751678, url-status=live There have been minor incidents involving Class 43s, among which have been: * On 28 August 1979, power car 43110 derailed south of {{stnlnk, Northallerton. The cause was attributed to low gearbox oil lubricant which caused the pinion to fail and lock the leading wheels on the train in place. With the rear power car pushing the train, this caused the locked wheels to skid, wearing a groove which developed false flanges on their outsides, one of which struck the points south of the station, which buckled the rail. * On 16 March 1986, power car 43118 received collision damage after running through a buffer stop and derailing, while leaving Neville Hill TMD. * On 20 August 2017, 43188 partly derailed on departure at {{rws, Paddington while forming the rear power car of the 11:57 Great Western Railway service to

. This was due to a track fault.{{cite web , url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/08/20/train-derails-as-it-leaves-london-paddington-station-6865539/ , title=Train derails as it leaves London Paddington Station , publisher=Associated Newspapers Ltd , work=Metro , first=Ashitha , last=Nagesh , access-date=20 August 2017 , archive-date=6 January 2021 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106170857/https://metro.co.uk/2017/08/20/train-derails-as-it-leaves-london-paddington-station-6865539/ , url-status=live * On 31 December 2017, 43195 hit a tree near Hemerdon,

. * On 17 April 2018, 43138 suffered damage due to an engine fire whilst at Penzance station.{{cite web , url=https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/local-news/live-updates-train-fire-penzance-1470013 , title=Live updates - Train on fire at Penzance railway station , publisher=Plymouth Herald , date=17 April 2018 , access-date=18 April 2018 , archive-date=18 April 2018 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418004944/https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/local-news/live-updates-train-fire-penzance-1470013 , url-status=live * On 6 April 2019, 43045 caught fire at Leicester whilst working 1B53 1445

Nottingham Nottingham ( , locally ) is a city and unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, England. It is located north-west of London, south-east of Sheffield and north-east of Birmingham. Nottingham has links to the legend of Robi ...

- London St Pancras. * On 13 June 2019, 43054 collided with aggregate that had been washed-out from a cutting slope near

Corby Corby is a town in North Northamptonshire, England, located north-east of Northampton. From 1974 to 2021, the town served as the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Corby. At the 2011 United Kingdom census, 2011 Census, the built-up ...

, Northamptonshire. * On 13 November 2019, 43300 collided with an LNER Class 800 ''Azuma'' at Neville Hill TMD,

Leeds Leeds () is a city and the administrative centre of the City of Leeds district in West Yorkshire, England. It is built around the River Aire and is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. It is also the third-largest settlement (by popul ...

. *On 10 April 2021, 43012 was derailed near {{rws, Dalwhinnie. The line between {{rws, Aviemore and {{rws, Pitlochry was closed.{{cite web , url=https://news.stv.tv/highlands-islands/railway-line-closed-after-train-derails-during-testing , title=Railway line closed after train derails during testing , first=Jenness , last=Mitchell , publisher=STV , accessdate=10 April 2021 , archive-date=10 April 2021 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410090409/https://news.stv.tv/highlands-islands/railway-line-closed-after-train-derails-during-testing , url-status=live {{Cite tweet , user=raibgovuk , author=Rail Accident Investigation Branch , number=1380805139213213696 , title=RAIB is deploying inspectors to gather evidence following the #derailment of a test train at #Dalwhinnie on the Highland Line in Scotland. The train consisted of a short-form HST that was travelling south when the last two vehicles derailed in proximity to points Power car 43160 had two minor incidents, which happened at the

South West England South West England, or the South West of England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of the counties of Bristol, Cornwall (including the Isles of Scilly), Dorset, Devon, Gloucestershire, Somerset and Wiltshire. Cities ...

region. * On 3 April 2016, the power car was involved in what was described as a 'low impact' collision at Plymouth railway station. A local commuter service collided with a Plymouth to London Paddington train at low speed and the power car received damage to its nose and valancing. * On 14 September 2017, around 1 year and 5 months after the 'low impact' collision incident, the power car was severely damaged by a fire in

Exeter Exeter () is a city in Devon, South West England. It is situated on the River Exe, approximately northeast of Plymouth and southwest of Bristol. In Roman Britain, Exeter was established as the base of Legio II Augusta under the personal comm ...

.{{cite web , url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen/1325084/train-spread-train-went-on-fire/ , title=‘New era’ of ScotRail starts with train fire , first=John , last=Hebditch , publisher=Aberdeen Journals Ltd , work=Press and Journal , access-date=15 September 2017 , archive-date=15 September 2017 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915065526/https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen/1325084/train-spread-train-went-on-fire/ , url-status=live

Replacement

The HST fleet is now in its sixth decade, and replacements are underway. This project, the Intercity Express Programme, is being spearheaded by the

Department for Transport The Department for Transport (DfT) is a department of His Majesty's Government responsible for the English transport network and a limited number of transport matters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland that have not been devolved. The ...

. A consortium headed by Hitachi has designed and built the new units, initially named "Super Express Train". Various formations are being built; both electric and bi-mode (electro-diesel) versions in five- or nine-coach lengths. The first batches have replaced HSTs on the

Great Western Main Line The Great Western Main Line (GWML) is a main line railway in England that runs westwards from London Paddington to . It connects to other main lines such as those from Reading to Penzance and Swindon to Swansea. Opened in 1841, it was the o ...

and the

. On the

Greater Western franchise Greater Western is a railway franchise for the provision of passenger services from London Paddington to the Cotswolds, West of England, South West England and South Wales. The current holder is Great Western Railway. History In 2003, as part of ...

, the last of the full-length HSTs was withdrawn in June 2019. Between 12 and 20 HST sets were originally to be retained and refurbished to carry on providing services between London, Devon and Cornwall, where no electrification was planned, and where the Class 800's diesel engines would not be capable of negotiating the steep gradients along the South Devon Banks, through to the mid-2020s. A report published in 2011 concluded that the Mark 3 coaches could remain in service as late as 2035, subject to some minor rewiring and enhancements required under disability legislation. However, it was announced in March 2015 that the HST would instead be replaced with the Class 802, a more powerful derivative of the bi-mode Class 800s. Initially, high-speed

and

Alstom Alstom SA is a French multinational corporation, multinational rolling stock manufacturer operating worldwide in rail transport markets, active in the fields of passenger transportation, signalling, and locomotives, with products including the A ...

Class 180 (Adelante) replaced numerous HST units, but all locomotives and sets were brought back into service as a result of increasing demand. Some Great Western sets were cascaded to Abellio ScotRail to replace the Class 170 units, while others were retained by GWR to operate local services. Grand Central Railway leased five more Class 180 units cascaded from GWR to replace its HST trains and increase its overall fleet size. This in turn allowed the HSTs to be cascaded to East Midlands Trains. The East Midlands Trains sets were passed to the new

franchise, which announced it would replace them with a combination of Class 180 and Class 222 units, enabled owing to the electrification of the MML as far north as Corby, to be replaced ultimately by Class 810 bi-mode units. Upon being retired, unit 43002 was preserved by the

. It was joined by 43102 (43302)

Preservation

Thirteen Class 43 power cars have currently been saved for preservation. The

has preserved 43002, the first production power car. The Railway Heritage Designation Advisory Board nominated 43102 (43302) for preservation as holder of the record for being the fastest diesel locomotive on the planet The power car was donated to the NRM upon its withdrawal from service in May 2021, and it is currently located at the NRM's museum at Shildon. Angel Trains donated 43018 to

following its use as a spares donor for

. Porterbrook also donated 43081, the 8,000th locomotive built at Crewe, to the museum in 2021. Porterbrook donated 43048 and 43089 to the 125 Group. Both moved to the group when their lease ended with

. The group later purchased 43044 from Porterbrook in 2021, with 43159 being donated in June that year. 43045 has been preserved at the Long Marston Rail Innovation Centre following its period in service with Colas Rail and its time in storage. The

University of Birmingham , mottoeng = Through efforts to heights , established = 1825 – Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery1836 – Birmingham Royal School of Medicine and Surgery1843 – Queen's College1875 – Mason Science College1898 – Mason Univers ...

used 43056 for use as a research & development vehicle. In November 2021, the power car was donated to the Welsh Railways Trust based at the Gwili Railway. 125 Heritage Ltd, based at the

, has saved three power cars, 43071, 43073 and 43082. In addition to these twelve,

have saved seven power cars, 43046, 43047, 43049, 43055, 43058, 43059 and 43083 along with three sets of

coaches for use on excursion trains. 43046 and 43055 have been refurbished as a recreation of the

Midland Pullman The ''Midland Pullman'' was the name given to a former express passenger train service operating on British Railways' old Midland Main Line between and via and Millers Dale. The train completed the journey in 3 hours 15 minutes. This servic ...

train.

Model railways

In 1977 Hornby Railways launched its first version of the BR Class 43 (HST) in OO gauge. Lima have released an HST model in OO gauge. Dapol have released an HST model in N gauge.{{Cite web, title=HST, url=https://www.dapol.co.uk/shop/n-gauge/hst, access-date=23 March 2021, website=www.dapol.co.uk, archive-date=27 June 2017, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627075815/http://www.dapol.co.uk/shop/n-gauge/hst, url-status=live

References

{{reflist

External links

{{commons category, British Rail Class 43
125 Group
{{British Rail Locomotives 43 2 BREL locomotives Bo-Bo locomotives British Rail diesel multiple units High-speed trains of the United Kingdom Railway locomotives introduced in 1976 Articles containing video clips Standard gauge locomotives of Great Britain Diesel-electric locomotives of Great Britain

History and background

Development and design

Prototype

Production series

Buffered units

Engines

Diesel-battery hybrid trial

Life extension

Operations

Future

Fleet

Summary

List

Fortieth anniversary

Accidents

Replacement

Preservation

Model railways

See also

References

Further reading

External links