''Breviata anathema'' is a single-celled

flagellate A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and thei ...

amoeboid An amoeba (; less commonly spelled ameba or amœba; plural ''am(o)ebas'' or ''am(o)ebae'' ), often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopo ...

eukaryote Eukaryotes () are organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the three domains of life. Bacter ...

, previously studied under the name ''

Mastigamoeba ''Mastigamoeba'' is a genus of peolobionts, and treated by some as members of the Archamoebae group of protists. ''Mastigamoeba ''are characterized as anaerobic, amitochondriate organisms that are polymorphic. Their dominant life cycle stage is ...

invertens''. The cell lacks

mitochondria A mitochondrion (; ) is an organelle found in the cells of most Eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used ...

but has remnant mitochondrial genes, and possesses an

organelle In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function. The name ''organelle'' comes from the idea that these structures are parts of cells, as organs are to the body, hence ''organelle,'' th ...

believed to be a modified

anaerobic Anaerobic means "living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen", as opposed to aerobic which means "living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen." Anaerobic may also refer to: * Anaerobic adhesive, a bonding a ...

mitochondrion, similar to the

mitosomes A mitosome is an organelle found in some unicellular eukaryotic organisms, like in members of the supergroup Excavata. The mitosome was found and named in 1999, and its function has not yet been well characterized. It was termed a ''crypton'' by o ...

and hydrogenosomes found in other eukaryotes that live in low-oxygen environments. Early molecular data placed ''Breviata'' in the

Amoebozoa Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional and currently no longer supported c ...

, but without obvious affinity to known amoebozoan groups. More recently,

phylogenomic Phylogenomics is the intersection of the fields of evolution and genomics. The term has been used in multiple ways to refer to analysis that involves genome data and evolutionary reconstructions. It is a group of techniques within the larger fields ...

analysis has shown that the class Breviatea is a sister group to the Opisthokonta and

Apusomonadida The Apusomonadida are a group of protozoan zooflagellates that glide on surfaces, and mostly consume prokaryotes. They are of particular evolutionary interest because they appear to be the sister group to the Opisthokonts, the clade that inclu ...

. Together, these three groups form the clade

Obazoa Obazoa (Brown et al., 2013) is a proposed sister clade of Amoebozoa (which together form Amorphea). Obazoa is composed of Breviatea, Apusomonadida and Opisthokonta. The term Obazoa is based on the OBA acronym for Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and A ...

(the term Obazoa is based on an acronym of Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida, plus ‘zóa’ (pertaining to ‘life’ in Greek)).

Taxonomy

* Class

Breviatea ''Breviata anathema'' is a single-celled flagellate amoeboid eukaryote, previously studied under the name ''Mastigamoeba invertens''. The cell lacks mitochondria but has remnant mitochondrial genes, and possesses an organelle believed to be a mod ...

Cavalier-Smith 2004 rotamoebaeref> ** Order Breviatida Cavalier-Smith 2004 *** Family Breviatidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 **** Genus ''Breviata'' Walker, Dacks & Martin Embley 2006 ***** Species '' Breviata anathema'' (Klebs 1892) Walker, Dacks & Martin Embley 2006 'Mastigamoeba_invertens''_Klebs_1892.html" ;"title="Mastigamoeba_invertens.html" ;"title="'Mastigamoeba invertens">'Mastigamoeba invertens'' Klebs 1892">Mastigamoeba_invertens.html" ;"title="'Mastigamoeba invertens">'Mastigamoeba invertens'' Klebs 1892**** Genus ''Lenisia limosa'' Hamann et al. 2016 ***** Species ''Lenisia limosa'' Hamann et al. 2016 **** Genus ''Pygsuia'' Brown et al. 2013 ***** Species ''Pygsuia biforma'' Brown et al. 2013 **** Genus '' Subulatomonas'' Katz et al. 2011 ***** Species '' Subulatomonas tetraspora'' Katz et al. 2011

References

Obazoa Eukaryote genera {{Unikont-stub