Brazil–Turkey relations ( pt, Relações entre Brasil e Turquia}; tr, Brezilya-Türkiye ilişkileri) are foreign relations between

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

and

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

. Relations between

and

have roots that predate the foundation of the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923. Brazil maintains an embassy in

Ankara Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...

while Turkey is represented in Brazil through its Embassy in Brasília and a Consulate General in

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...

. Both countries are full members of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Early relations

The

Empire of Brazil The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom ...

was the second state in the Americas (after the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

) to enter into treaty relations with the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

(predecessor of modern Turkey). On 5 February 1858, the two empires signed a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, which had eleven articles and was similar in nature to the other Ottoman capitulations to Christian powers. Brazil set up four consulates in the Ottoman-administered cities of

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the Capital city, capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of ...

, Jaffa, Mansouri and

Tanta Tanta ( ar, طنطا ' , ) is a city in Egypt with the country's fifth largest populated area and 658,798 inhabitants as of 2018. Tanta is located between Cairo and Alexandria: north of Cairo and southeast of Alexandria. The capital of Gharbia ...

. The Ottomans had two consulates in

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

and

. As a result of the opening of diplomatic relations and establishment of formal rules of residence for each other's subjects, over 100,000 Ottoman subjects, mainly from Syria, emigrated to Brazil, often to work on the coffee plantations. About twenty Arabic newspapers were published in Brazil for the Ottoman expatriate population from the late 19th century on. These generally took an anti-Ottoman editorial stance, putting strain on the countries' relations. Although the

First Brazilian Republic The First Brazilian Republic, also referred to as the Old Republic ( pt, República Velha ), officially the Republic of the United States of Brazil, refers to the period of Brazilian history from 1889 to 1930. The Old Republic began with the de ...

tried after 1909 to establish consulates in

Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya ( Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ( ...

(Istanbul) and

Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...

, it was unable to since the Ottomans would not allow it and there was no agreement on consular reciprocity.For an overview of Ottoman–Brazilian relations in Turkish, see Mehmet Temel, "Osmanli Arşiv Kaynaklarina Göre XIX. VE XX. Yuzyilin başlarinda Osmanli-Brezilya ilişkileri" ttoman–Brazilian Relations in the 19th Century and in the Beginning of the 20th, According to Ottoman Archival Sources ''Belleten-Türk Tarih Kurumu'' 68:251 (2004). Information cited here is fro
the abstract

Archive
Brazil formally recognized the newly-established Republic of Turkey in 1926.Önsoy, Murat. "Latin America-Turkey Relations: Reaching Out to Distant Shores of the Western Hemisphere" (Chapter 12). In: Ercan, Pınar Gözen (editor) ( Haceteppe University). ''Turkish Foreign Policy: International Relations, Legality and Global Reach''.

Springer Science+Business Media Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 ...

, April 7, 2017. , 9783319504513. Start: p
237
CITED: p
245
Both signed a new treaty of friendship on 8 September 1927. In 1930 the two countries opened their respective embassies and in 1933 signed a trade agreement.

Recent events

Dilma Rousseff and Recep Tayyip Erdogan1

In 2003 then Turkey Defense minister

Vecdi Gönül Mehmet Vecdi Gönül (; born 29 November 1939) is a Turkish politician who served as the Minister of National Defense from 3 July to 17 November 2015. He previously served in the same position from 2002 to 2011 and was a member of the Parliament ...

paid an official visit to

and met Brazilian Defense Minister

José Viegas Filho José Viegas Filho (born 14 October 1942 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian diplomat. José Viegas served as Brazilian Ambassador to Denmark (1995–1998), to Peru (1998–2001) and to Russia (2001–2002). He was Minister of Defence in the Pres ...

. The sides signed an agreement on cooperation on defense related matters on August 14, 2003. But the agreement came into the force only in 2007. In 2006 Foreign Minister of Turkey

Abdullah Gül Abdullah Gül (; ; born 29 October 1950) is a Turkish politician who served as the 11th President of Turkey, in office from 2007 to 2014. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003, and concurrently served as bo ...

paid an official visit to Brazil. In 2009 then President of Brazil

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (; born Luiz Inácio da Silva; 27 October 1945), known mononymously as Lula, is a Brazilian politician, trade unionist, and former metalworker who is the president-elect of Brazil. A member of the Workers' Party ...

visited Turkey. In 2012 former Turkish defense minister İsmet Yıldız arrival Brazil to meet Brazilian then defense minister Celso Amorim. The discussion between the two was about production of military equipment. During the visit a letter of intention was signed between two which was about the exchange of the experiences in the field of military. In May 2010, Brazil and Turkey signed a tripartite agreement with

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

aimed at partly resolving the diplomatic crisis surrounding

Iran's nuclear program The nuclear program of Iran is an ongoing scientific effort by Iran to research nuclear technology that can be used to make nuclear weapons. Iran has several research sites, two uranium mines, a research reactor, and uranium processing facili ...

. In 2013 Brazil and Turkey established a visa agreement. Countries mutually do not require entrant visas for touristic visitors for stays no longer than three months. However, entrants with other status such as students, legal workers, and long-term visitors will have to obtain visas upon their entries. Relations between the two countries were strained in June 2015, when Brazil recognized the

Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...

. Turkey recalled its ambassador to Brazil soon afterwards.

References

External links

Brazil-Turkey visitor agreement.

Embassy of Brazil in Ankara

Embassy of Turkey in Brazil

Consulate of Turkey in São Paulo
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brazil-Turkey relations

Bilateral relations of Turkey

Early relations

Recent events

See also

References

External links