Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

and

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

established diplomatic relations in 1953. Both are large tropical countries endowed with rich natural resources, Brazil and Indonesia possess the largest

tropical rain forest Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as ''lowland equatori ...

of the world that contains the world's richest

biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') l ...

, which gave them a vital role in global environment issues, such as ensuring tropical forests protection. Both countries lead the list of Megadiverse countries with Indonesia second only to Brazil.Biodiversity Theme Report
/ref> Brazil expects to expand its cooperation with Indonesia, as there is still enormous room for growth in many areas, including agriculture and high-technology industry. Both countries are members of

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and ...

(WTO), Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and the

G20 major economies The G20 or Group of Twenty is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU). It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation ...

. By first quarter of 21st-century, both nations are expected to emerge as rising global powers.

History

Stamp of Brazil - 1959 - Colnect 264395 - President Sukarno form Indonesia visit Brazil

Diplomatic relations have been established since 1953. Indonesia has an embassy in Brasilia and Brazil has an embassy in Jakarta. Although the bilateral relations was rather strained during Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975 until East Timor independence in 1999, since Brazil shares a solidarity and close sentiments for East Timor as common former Portuguese colonies and Portuguese-speaking countries.

Country comparison

State visits

Brazilian President

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (; born Luiz Inácio da Silva; 27 October 1945), known mononymously as Lula, is a Brazilian politician, trade unionist, and former metalworker who is the president-elect of Brazil. A member of the Workers' Party ...

visited Indonesia on 12 July 2008. This was his first visit to Indonesia and the second visit of Brazilian President to Indonesia since President

Fernando Henrique Cardoso Fernando Henrique Cardoso (; born 18 June 1931), also known by his initials FHC (), is a Brazilian sociologist, professor and politician who served as the 34th president of Brazil from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2002. He was the first Brazi ...

visits in January 2001. Subsequently, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono paid a visit to Brazil on 18 November 2008, on his way to attend APEC Summit in Lima Peru. President Yudhoyono visited Brazil for the second time on 18 November 2009, during this visit the president of both nations signed strategic partnership agreement between Brazil and Indonesia. Previously on 14–16 October 2009 the first meeting of Brazil-Indonesia Joint Commission was conducted to discuss the action plan on strategic partnership.

Economy and trade

Currently Brazil is Indonesia's main trade partner in South America region. Bilateral trade rose by 185.09 percent to $3.25 billion in 2010 from $1.14 billion in 2006, and expected to reach beyond $4 billion by 2012. Indonesia mainly exports

yarn Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manu ...

natural rubber Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, ''caucho'', or ''caoutchouc'', as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds. Thailand, Malaysia, and ...

, crude palm oil, fixed vegetable fats and oil, cocoa, paper, electronics and automotive spare parts and imports

soybean The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu a ...

oil,

sugar cane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus '' Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalk ...

cotton Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor pe ...

and

iron Iron () is a chemical element with Symbol (chemistry), symbol Fe (from la, Wikt:ferrum, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 element, group 8 of the periodic table. It is, Abundanc ...

from Brazil. Brazil was interested not only in increasing exports and investing in Indonesia, but also to increase imports, such as

fertilizer A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from ...

s, textiles and palm oil and further Indonesian investment, including in infrastructure projects.

Current issues

Execution of Brazilian Citizens

On 17 January 2015, Brazil recalled their ambassador after Indonesia ignored their pleas for

clemency A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the j ...

and executed Brazilian citizen Marco Archer Cardoso Moreira. The Brazilian president

Dilma Rousseff Dilma Vana Rousseff (; born 14 December 1947) is a Brazilian economist and politician who served as the 36th president of Brazil, holding the position from 2011 until her impeachment and removal from office on 31 August 2016. She is the first ...

affirmed that the execution will affect the relations between the two countries as the Brazilian ambassador was recalled to

Brasília Brasília (; ) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located at the top of the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region. It was founded by President Juscelino Kubitsche ...

. The condemned Brazilian was of the Catholic religion, and was refused access to a priest for his last rites. On Saturday, 21 February 2015, Indonesia recalled its putative ambassador to Brazil, after Brazil postponed a ceremony sealing his appointment. This diplomatic row was the result of Indonesian execution of a Brazilian citizen for drugs trafficking in January 2015. President

said: "We think it's important there is an evolution in the situation so that we can have clarity over the state of relations between Indonesia and Brazil". Indonesian Foreign Ministry responded: "The manner in which the foreign minister of Brazil suddenly informed us of the postponement — when the ambassador designate was already at the palace, is unacceptable to Indonesia." In a by-line, Indonesian Foreign Ministry also stressed that no foreign country could interfere with Indonesian laws. This action has led Indonesian House of Representative's call to evaluate Indonesia's cooperation with Brazil, including to review defense equipments purchase from Brazil's Embraer, and to review Brazilian exporters proposal to supply meat to Indonesia. On Wednesday April 29, 2015 Indonesian government executed a further Brazilian citizen who was a schizophrenic. Neither countries' ambassadors have returned to date.

Notes

External links

Embassy of Brazil in Jakarta, Indonesia

Embassy of Indonesia in Brasilia, Brazil

Brazil Indonesia Friendship Association
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brazil-Indonesia relations

Bilateral relations of Indonesia 1953 establishments in Brazil 1953 establishments in Indonesia