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The Bornholmer Straße border crossing was one of the
"How it went down: The little accident that toppled history"
Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-11-02. thousands of East Germans began gathering at the Bornholmer Straße border crossing, demanding that border guards immediately open its gates to let them through to West Berlin. The surprised and overwhelmed guards made many hectic telephone calls to their superiors about the problem but it became clear that no one among the East German authorities would take personal responsibility for issuing orders to use lethal force. As a result, the vastly outnumbered soldiers had no way to hold back the huge crowd of East German citizens. In face of the growing crowd, the guards finally yielded. At 9:20 p.m., in order to relieve some of the pressure created by the crowds, the guards let the first few people leave for West Berlin, although the head of the passport control unit Lieutenant-Colonel Harald Jäger had their passports stamped invalid, thus expatriating the passport holders without their knowledge. By 11:30 p.m., however, the crowds had grown so large that he – still without official orders – finally raised the barrier. In the hour that followed, around 20,000 people were able to cross the Bösebrücke bridge without being checked, and were welcomed by French soldiers and gendarmes. By then, similarly large crowds had gathered at the other border crossings, and controls were similarly lifted.
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-1118-028, Berlin, Grenzübergang Bornholmer Straße.jpg, Students from West Berlin encouraging East Berliners as they cross the border the day after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-1118-017, Berlin, Grenzübergang Bornholmer Straße.jpg, Crowds at the border crossing on 18 November 1989.
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-1224-001, Berlin, Grenzübergang Bornholmer Straße.jpg, East German border guards check cars on the first day of visa-free entry into East Germany for West Berlin and West Germany citizens on 24 December 1989.
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-0212-021, Berlin, Bornholmer Brücke, Straßenbahn.jpg, Queues of cars heading towards the border crossing in February 1990.
File:Visa Bornholmer Straße.jpg, East German passport stamp from Bornholmer Straße border crossing.
The Bornholmer Straße border crossing was one of the border crossings
''Border Crossings'' is a live, all-request, music-oriented radio show that is broadcast worldwide by the US government-operated Voice of America. Premiering on October 13, 1996, with Judy Massa as host, it is one of VOA's longest-running music p ...
between East Berlin
East Berlin was the ''de facto'' capital city of East Germany from 1949 to 1990. Formally, it was the Allied occupation zones in Germany, Soviet sector of Berlin, established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors were known as ...
and West Berlin
West Berlin (german: Berlin (West) or , ) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin during the years of the Cold War. Although West Berlin was de jure not part of West Germany, lacked any sovereignty, and was under mi ...
between 1961 and 1990. The crossing was named after the street on which it is located, Bornholmer Straße ("Bornholm Street"), which in turn was named after the Danish
Danish may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark
People
* A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark
* Culture of Denmark
* Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ance ...
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain.
The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...
island of Bornholm
Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland.
Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...
. The actual border between East and West Berlin ran along railway lines which were crossed by the Bösebrücke.
The Bornholmer Straße border crossing played the historic role of being the first border crossing to be opened during the fall of the Berlin Wall
The fall of the Berlin Wall (german: Mauerfall) on 9 November 1989, during the Peaceful Revolution, was a pivotal event in world history which marked the destruction of the Berlin Wall and the figurative Iron Curtain and one of the series of eve ...
on 9 November 1989.
Events of 9 November 1989
Immediately after news of East Germany's somewhat mistaken announcement on the removal of border controls by Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) officialGünter Schabowski
Günter Schabowski (; 4 January 1929 – 1 November 2015) was an East German politician who served as an official of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (''Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands'' abbreviated ''SED''), the ruling party du ...
was broadcast at 8:00pm on 9 November 1989,Sarotte, Mary Elise (1 Nov 2009"How it went down: The little accident that toppled history"
Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-11-02. thousands of East Germans began gathering at the Bornholmer Straße border crossing, demanding that border guards immediately open its gates to let them through to West Berlin. The surprised and overwhelmed guards made many hectic telephone calls to their superiors about the problem but it became clear that no one among the East German authorities would take personal responsibility for issuing orders to use lethal force. As a result, the vastly outnumbered soldiers had no way to hold back the huge crowd of East German citizens. In face of the growing crowd, the guards finally yielded. At 9:20 p.m., in order to relieve some of the pressure created by the crowds, the guards let the first few people leave for West Berlin, although the head of the passport control unit Lieutenant-Colonel Harald Jäger had their passports stamped invalid, thus expatriating the passport holders without their knowledge. By 11:30 p.m., however, the crowds had grown so large that he – still without official orders – finally raised the barrier. In the hour that followed, around 20,000 people were able to cross the Bösebrücke bridge without being checked, and were welcomed by French soldiers and gendarmes. By then, similarly large crowds had gathered at the other border crossings, and controls were similarly lifted.
Gallery
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bornholmer Strasse border crossing Berlin border crossings