Bor Wildlife Sanctuary
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Bor Tiger Reserve is a wildlife sanctuary which was declared as a tiger reserve in July 2014. It is located near
Hingani Hingani is a village in the Karmala taluka of Solapur district in Maharashtra state, India. Demographics Covering and comprising 248 households at the time of the 2011 census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census w ...
in Wardha District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a home to a variety of wild animals. The reserve covers an area of . which includes the
drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, t ...
of the
Bor Dam Bor Dam, is an earthfill dam on Bor river near Bori in the Bor Wildlife Sanctuary, Seloo Tahsil, Wardha district in State of Maharashtra in India. Specifications The height of the dam above lowest foundation is while the length is . The vol ...
. It is notable that Bor Tiger Reserve and some adjacent protected areas will be merged with Pench Tiger Reserve (Maharashtra) as a 'Satellite core area', to more than double the area of that well established
tiger reserve Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in April 1973 by the Government of India during Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's tenure. The project aims at ensuring a viable population of the Bengal tiger in its natural habitats, protectin ...
. Bor Tiger Reserve is centrally located among several other
Bengal tiger The Bengal tiger is a population of the ''Panthera tigris tigris'' subspecies. It ranks among the biggest wild cats alive today. It is considered to belong to the world's charismatic megafauna. The tiger is estimated to have been present in ...
habitats including: Pench Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra, to the northeast; Nagzira Navegaon Tiger Reserve, to the east northeast;
Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary Umred-Pauni-Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary, about 50 km from Nagpur and 60  km from Bhandara, is spread over Pauni Tahsil of Bhandara district and Umred, Kuhi and Bhivapur Taluka of Nagpur district. This sanctuary has a connection with T ...
, to the east southeast; Tadoba - Andhari Tiger Reserve, to the southeast;
Melghat Tiger Reserve Melghat was among the first nine tiger reserves of India to be notified in 1973 under Project Tiger. It is located at in the northern part of Amravati District of Maharashtra. Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary was declared as in 1985. The Tapti Rive ...
, to the west northwest and Satpura National Park and Tiger Reserve, to the northwest.


Zones

In April, 2012, the Maharashtra state government issued a notification adding to the old area of Bor Sanctuary. The new Core Zone of is the most protected and inviolate part of the sanctuary where the public is not allowed. It comprises 95.7% of the total area. Most of the core area is contiguous with good forest of Wardha Forest Division and Nagpur Forest Division. The
Eco-tourism Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving responsible travel (using sustainable transport) to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds ...
Zone of designated for public access for nature and wildlife tourism comprises 4.3% of the total sanctuary area. The purpose of the tourism zone is to educate the public about the significance of nature and wildlife conservation and to stimulate their environmental awareness. The Buffer Zone is less protected forest area near the sanctuary that serves as a protective barrier for the core area. The Bor Tiger Reserve is physically divided by the Bor Reservoir into 2 sections, previously; 2/3 (), as the west part and 1/3 (), as the eastern part. 95% of the western part is in Wardha district and 90% of the eastern part is in Nagpur district. The Bor Reservoir area is about and is not included in the total sanctuary area.


Climate

There are three seasons;
summer Summer is the hottest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, the earliest sunrise and latest sunset occurs, daylight hours are longest and dark hours are shortest, wit ...
,
winter Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate climates. It occurs after autumn and before spring. The tilt of Earth's axis causes seasons; winter occurs when a hemisphere is oriented away from the Sun. Different cultures ...
and the
rainy Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides water fo ...
season.


Culture

There are Buddhist temple(vihar) where buddhist teaching takes place .There are some religious places in the sanctuary such as a
Shiva Shiva (; sa, शिव, lit=The Auspicious One, Śiva ), also known as Mahadeva (; ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐ, or Hara, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions within Hindu ...
temple at Khori-Khapa, Bruhaspati Temple at Chauki,
Hanuman Hanuman (; sa, हनुमान, ), also called Anjaneya (), is a Hindu god and a divine '' vanara'' companion of the god Rama. Hanuman is one of the central characters of the Hindu epic ''Ramayana''. He is an ardent devotee of Rama and on ...
Temple at Khadki and
Ganesh Ganesha ( sa, गणेश, ), also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, and Pillaiyar, is one of the best-known and most worshipped Deva_(Hinduism), deities in the Hindu deities, Hindu pantheon and is the Supreme God in Ganapatya sect. His image is ...
Temple at Kelzar. It is believed this was an important place in
Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the ''Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kuruk ...
time, namely about the early
Gupta period The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from the early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE. At its zenith, from approximately 319 to 467 CE, it covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is considered as the Gol ...
(c. 4th century CE). Archaeological remains known as Nasargarh and Gidamgarh reveal the existence of a seat of power here in the beginning of the 1st century.


Flora

The sanctuary is in the
South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests The South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests is a tropical dry forest ecoregion in southern India. The ecoregion lies in the southernmost portion of the Deccan Plateau, and includes the southernmost portion of the Eastern Ghats. The ecoregion ...
ecoregion An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of l ...
, with the main species being
teak Teak (''Tectona grandis'') is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae. It is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. ''Tectona grandis'' has small, fragrant white flowers arranged in dense clusters (panicl ...
, ain, tendu (East Indian ebony) and
bamboo Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, bu ...
. The main herbs found in the sanctuary are
tarot The tarot (, first known as '' trionfi'' and later as ''tarocchi'' or ''tarocks'') is a pack of playing cards, used from at least the mid-15th century in various parts of Europe to play card games such as Tarocchini. From their Italian roots, ...
, tenella, tarwar, gokhru,
wight A wight (Old English: ''wiht'') is a mythical sentient being, often undead. In its original use the word ''wight'' described a living human being, but has come to be used in fictional works in the fantasy genre to describe certain immortal bein ...
(bracteata), vanbhendi, velatri and waghori.


Fauna

Mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...
species such as the
Bengal tiger The Bengal tiger is a population of the ''Panthera tigris tigris'' subspecies. It ranks among the biggest wild cats alive today. It is considered to belong to the world's charismatic megafauna. The tiger is estimated to have been present in ...
, Indian leopard,
Indian bison The gaur (''Bos gaurus''; ), also known as the Indian bison, is a bovine native to Indian Subcontinent , South Asia and Southeast Asia, and has been listed as Vulnerable species, Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986. The global populatio ...
, blue bull, chital,
sambar deer The sambar (''Rusa unicolor'') is a large deer native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia that is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List since 2008. Populations have declined substantially due to severe hunting, local ins ...
,
peacock Peafowl is a common name for three bird species in the genera ''Pavo (genus), Pavo'' and ''Afropavo'' within the tribe Pavonini of the family Phasianidae, the pheasants and their allies. Male peafowl are referred to as peacocks, and female pea ...
, barking deer,
mouse deer Chevrotains, or mouse-deer, are small even-toed ungulates that make up the family Tragulidae, the only extant members of the infraorder Tragulina. The 10 extant species are placed in three genera, but several species also are known only f ...
,
monkey Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as the simians. Traditionally, all animals in the group now known as simians are counted as monkeys except the apes, which constitutes an incomple ...
,
wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is ...
,
sloth bear The sloth bear (''Melursus ursinus'') is a myrmecophagous bear species native to the Indian subcontinent. It feeds on fruits, ants and termites. It is listed as Vulnerable species, vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, mainly because of habitat loss ...
, and
wild dog A free-ranging dog is a dog that is not confined to a yard or house. Free-ranging dogs include street dogs, village dogs, stray dogs, feral dogs, etc., and may be owned or unowned. The global dog population is estimated to be 900 million, of w ...
live here. ;Tigers As per the 2010-11 tiger estimation report, there are 24 tigers in the Pench and Bor landscape. The
Wildlife Institute of India The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is an autonomous natural resource service institution established in 1982 under the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change, Government of India. WII carries out wildlife research in areas of stu ...
(WII) estimated the presence of 12 tigers in and around the sanctuary but the number has increased to 15, with three new cubs sighted in March 2011. A tigress with two-month-old cubs; one male and two females, was first sighted by the field staff in the sanctuary's core zone. The annual births of new tiger cubs shows that the Bor is a breeding ground for tigers, with cubs born here each of the past four years. In 2008, a tigress had three cubs, then one more tigress had two cubs in 2009, followed by another tigress with one cub in 2010 and three cubs in 2011. The field director of Pench Tiger Reserve said the 2011 births seem to be the first litter of this tigress. "Better protection, good prey base and availability of water are three key factors why Bor is becoming a safe haven for tigers." ;Birds There are more than 160 species of birds belonging to 46 families of 16 different orders recorded in the sanctuary. This includes over 10 species of migratory birds and over 9 species of
endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ...
birds. ;Reptiles The reserve is home to over 26 species of reptiles belonging 11 families, of which 6 species are endangered, namely,
Indian cobra The Indian cobra (''Naja naja''), also known as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra, or binocellate cobra, is a species of cobra found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan, and a member of the "big four" species that are ...
,
Russell’s viper Russell's viper (''Daboia russelii''), is a venomous snake in the family Viperidae native to the Indian subcontinent and one of the big four snakes in India. It was described in 1797 by George Shaw and Frederick Polydore Nodder, and named aft ...
, Indian rock python, Indian rat snake, Chequered keelback and
monitor lizard Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus ''Varanus,'' the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the Americas as an invasive species. About 80 species are recogn ...
.


Tiger reserve proposal

On 13 September 2010, the intention to create a Bor Tiger Reserve was announced by the then Minister of Environment and Forests,
Jairam Ramesh Jairam Ramesh (born 9 April 1954) is an Indian politician belonging to Indian National Congress. He is a Member of Parliament representing Karnataka state in the Rajya Sabha. In July 2011, Jairam was elevated to the Union Council of Ministers o ...
. The Maharashtra Forest Department later decided that the Bor Wildlife Sanctuary is too small to be declared as a tiger reserve. It has become the 47th tiger reserve in India with Environment Minister
Prakash Javadekar Prakash Keshav Javadekar (born 30 January 1951) is an Indian politician. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and served as the Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change from 30 May 2019 till 7 July 2021. Javadekar was ...
notifying it as a tiger reserve with an aim to strengthen the conservation efforts of the national animal on 7 July 2014. "It is not practical to declare Bor a reserve. It is well connected to Pench Tiger Reserve and Mansingdeo wildlife sanctuaryMansingdeo wildlife sanctuary
/ref> adjoining Pench, and is also a wildlife corridor. All this area will now be part of Pench," said S.K. Khetarpal,
Principal Chief Conservator of Forests The Indian Forest Service (IFS) is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India. The other two All India Services being the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service. It was constituted in the year 1966 und ...
(PCCF) for Wildlife, Maharashtra. Bor sanctuary will now be extended to . It will include the existing sanctuary area of and adjoining from Nagpur and from Wardha division. The expanded Bor will be a 'satellite' core of the Pench along with Mansingdeo sanctuary. If these three areas are fully consolidated, Pench will then become , a 2.14 times increase in area. "The Bor sanctuary is an important 'satellite' area which has the potential to serve as a 'stepping stone' for tigers dispersing from the source area of Pench,"


Conservation

The wildlife sanctuary, including a nature interpretation center and tourism complex is operated under the authority of the Addl. Principal Chief Conservator of Forests-Wildlife-East, Nagpur
circle A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. Equivalently, it is the curve traced out by a point that moves in a plane so that its distance from a given point is const ...
. Since 2005, the wildlife conservation NGO Srushti Paryavaran Mandal in association with the Maharashtra Forest Department- Pench Tiger Reserve office has been working on several conservation projects in the Bor Sanctuary, including
water conservation Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand (thus avoiding water scarcity). Populati ...
through building small check dams, habitat mapping and rehabilitation of orphaned tiger cubs.


Threats

The sanctuary needs enhanced protection and habitat management, especially in the adjacent forest areas. The biggest threat to Bor is
forest fire A wildfire, forest fire, bushfire, wildland fire or rural fire is an unplanned, uncontrolled and unpredictable fire in an area of Combustibility and flammability, combustible vegetation. Depending on the type of vegetation present, a wildfire ...
s. In 2011 around of forest was destroyed by ground fire. Tendu collection in the buffer area around the sanctuary needs to be banned completely." Increasing numbers of tigers has led to an increase in tiger attacks. In January, 2011 three villagers were attacked outside the sanctuary. As the attacks were outside the sanctuary compensation was not paid. Villagers have been speaking against tigers owing to attacks and cattle kills. Delay or nonpayment of compensation has moved the villagers' attitude against tigers.


Visitor information

The best time to visit is in April and May. The sanctuary is closed on Mondays. :Traveling on the
Wardha Wardha is a city and a municipal council in Wardha district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the administrative headquarters of Wardha district. Wardha gets its name from the Wardha River which flows at the north, west and south bounda ...
-
Nagpur Nagpur (pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, aːɡpuːɾ is the third largest city and the winter capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the 13th largest city in India by population and according to an Oxford's Economics report, Nag ...
road MSH3, one must turn north at
Seloo Seloo is a tehsil in Wardha subdivision of Wardha district in the Indian state of Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India ...
for Hingi and then to the visitor center at Bor Dam. :The nearest bus station is Hingni from the sanctuary. :The nearest railway station is at Wardha about away. :The nearest airport is Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport at
Nagpur Nagpur (pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, aːɡpuːɾ is the third largest city and the winter capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the 13th largest city in India by population and according to an Oxford's Economics report, Nag ...
away. Promotion of wildlife tourism was planned in 2002 for Bhor Dam, on the outskirts of Bhor Wildlife Sanctuary at the project cost of Rs 6.2 million. The
MTDC Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation commonly abbreviated as MTDC, is a body of the Government of Maharashtra responsible for development of tourism in the Indian state of Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a state ...
Resort now offers 10 double-bed rooms, three dormitories, and restaurant facilities.


References


External sources


Map
Bor Wildlife Sanctuary

of a tiger captured by camera trap at Bor Sanctuary, 7 February 2010 {{Wardha district topics Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests Tiger reserves of India Wardha district Wildlife sanctuaries in Maharashtra Protected areas established in 1970 1970 establishments in Maharashtra