''Bolitophila'' is the sole living genus in the Bolitophilidae, a Family (biology), family of Fly, Diptera in the superfamily Sciaroidea, with around 40 Palaearctic and about 20 Nearctic species, and three species from the Oriental region (Taiwan). They are small (6–9 mm).

Morphology

Biology

The larvae of ''Bolitophila'' are mycetophagous and live in decaying wood or other organic debris overgrown by fungal plant substrates. Pupation takes place inside the fungal mycelium in soil or litter. Adults prefer shady and humid environments and can be found in the undergrowth of mixed forests, often near watercourses.

Evolutionary history

The oldest fossils belonging to ''Bolitophila'' are known from the Eocene, with ''Bolitophila warreni'' known from the Lutetian aged Kishenehn Formation in Montana and ''Bolitophila rohdendorfi'' known from Baltic amber. The closest known relative to ''Bolitophila'' and only other known member of the family is the extinct genus ''Mangas (insect), Mangas,'' known from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) aged Gurvan-Eren Formation of Mongolia and the Khasurty locality of Buryatia, Russia.

Species

*''Bolitophila acuta, B. acuta'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila affinis, B. affinis'' Ostroverkhova, 1971 *''Bolitophila alberta, B. alberta'' Fisher, 1937 *''Bolitophila antennata, B. antennata'' Ševčik & Papp, 2004 *''Bolitophila aperta, B. aperta'' Lundström, 1914 *''Bolitophila atlantica, B. atlantica'' Fisher, 1934 *''Bolitophila austriaca, B. austriaca'' (Mayer, 1950) *''Bolitophila basicornis, B. basicornis'' (Mayer, 1951) *''Bolitophila bilobata, B. bilobata'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila bimaculata, B. bimaculata'' Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt, Zetterstedt, 1838 *''Bolitophila bispinosa, B. bispinosa'' Mayer, 1951 *''Bolitophila bucera, B. bucera'' Shaw, 1940 *''Bolitophila caspersi, B. caspersi'' Plassmann, 1987 *''Bolitophila cinerea, B. cinerea'' Johann Wilhelm Meigen, Meigen, 1818 *''Bolitophila clavata, B. clavata'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila collarti, B. collarti'' (Tollet, 1943) *''Bolitophila connectans, B. connectans'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila cooremani, B. cooremani'' (Tollet, 1955) *''Bolitophila coronata, B. coronata'' Mayer, 1951 *''Bolitophila curviseta, B. curviseta'' Ostroverkhova, 1979 *''Bolitophila disjuncta, B. disjuncta'' Hermann Loew, Loew, 1869 *''Bolitophila distus, B. distus'' Fisher, 1937 *''Bolitophila doerrsteini, B. doerrsteini'' Plassmann, 1988 *''Bolitophila dubia, B. dubia'' Siebke, 1863 *''Bolitophila dubiosa, B. dubiosa'' Van Duzee, 1928 *''Bolitophila duplus, B. duplus'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila edwardsiana, B. edwardsiana'' Aleksandr Stackelberg, Stackelberg, 1969 *''Bolitophila exilis, B. exilis'' (Kovalev, 1986) *''Bolitophila fumida, B. fumida'' Frederick Wallace Edwards, Edwards, 1941 *''Bolitophila fusca, B. fusca'' Johann Wilhelm Meigen, Meigen, 1818 *''Bolitophila glabrata, B. glabrata'' Hermann Loew, Loew, 1869 *''Bolitophila glabratella, B. glabratella'' Mayer, 1951 *''Bolitophila hybrida, B. hybrida'' (Johann Wilhelm Meigen, Meigen, 1804) *''Bolitophila incisa, B. incisa'' Ostroverkhova & Grishina, 1974 *''Bolitophila ingrica, B. ingrica'' Aleksandr Stackelberg, Stackelberg, 1969 *''Bolitophila japonica, B. japonica'' (Okada, 1934) *''Bolitophila latipes, B. latipes'' Tollet, 1943 *''Bolitophila lengersdorfi, B. lengersdorfi'' (Tollet, 1955) *''Bolitophila leruthi, B. leruthi'' (Tollet, 1955) *''Bolitophila limitis, B. limitis'' Polevoi, 1996 *''Bolitophila luteola, B. luteola'' Plotnikova, 1962 *''Bolitophila maculipennis, B. maculipennis'' Mayer, 1951 *''Bolitophila maculipennis, B. maculipennis'' Francis Walker (entomologist), Walker, 1835 *''Bolitophila mayeri, B. mayeri'' Plassmann, 1987 *''Bolitophila melanoleuci, B. melanoleuci'' Polevoi, 1996 *''Bolitophila miki, B. miki'' (Mayer, 1950) *''Bolitophila modesta, B. modesta'' Lackschewitz, 1937 *''Bolitophila montana, B. montana'' Daniel William Coquillett, Coquillett, 1901 *''Bolitophila nana, B. nana'' (Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart, Macquart, 1826) *''Bolitophila nigrolineata, B. nigrolineata'' Landrock, 1912 *''Bolitophila obscurior, B. obscurior'' Aleksandr Stackelberg, Stackelberg, 1969 *''Bolitophila occlusa, B. occlusa'' Frederick Wallace Edwards, Edwards, 1913 *''Bolitophila palustris, B. palustris'' Ostroverkhova, 1979 *''Bolitophila patulosa, B. patulosa'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila perlata, B. perlata'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila plumicornis, B. plumicornis'' (Mayer, 1951) *''Bolitophila pseudohybrida, B. pseudohybrida'' Landrock, 1912 *''Bolitophila raca, B. raca'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila rectangulata, B. rectangulata'' Lundström, 1913 *''Bolitophila recurva, B. recurva'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila rossica, B. rossica'' Landrock, 1912 *''Bolitophila saundersii, B. saundersii'' (John Curtis (entomologist), Curtis, 1836) *''Bolitophila scherfi, B. scherfi'' Plassmann, 1970 *''Bolitophila sibirica, B. sibirica'' (Ostroverkhova, 1979) *''Bolitophila simplex, B. simplex'' Garrett, 1925 *''Bolitophila spelaeicola, B. spelaeicola'' Tollet, 1955 *''Bolitophila spinigera, B. spinigera'' Frederick Wallace Edwards, Edwards, 1925 *''Bolitophila subbimaculata, B. subbimaculata'' Zaitzev, 1994 *''Bolitophila subteresa, B. subteresa'' (Garrett, 1925) *''Bolitophila taihybrida, B. taihybrida'' Ševčik & Papp, 2004 *''Bolitophila tarsata, B. tarsata'' Mayer, 1951 *''Bolitophila tarsatiformis, B. tarsatiformis'' Ostroverkhova, 1979 *''Bolitophila tenella, B. tenella'' Johannes Winnertz, Winnertz, 1863 *''Bolitophila triangulata, B. triangulata'' Frederick Wallace Edwards, Edwards, 1941 *''Bolitophila trullata, B. trullata'' Lundström, 1916 *''Bolitophila tungusica, B. tungusica'' Ostroverkhova, 1979

References

External links

Fungus gnats online
Sciaroidea Sciaroidea genera Kishenehn Formation Taxa named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen {{Sciaroidea-stub

Morphology

Biology

Evolutionary history

Species

References

Further reading

External links