Bogoslof Island

Bogoslof Island or Agasagook Island ( ale, Aĝasaaĝux̂) is the summit of a submarine stratovolcano at the south edge of the Bering Sea, northwest of Unalaska Island of the Aleutian Island chain. It has a land area of and is uninhabited. The peak elevation of the island is . It is long and wide. The stratovolcano rises about from the seabed, but the summit is the only part that projects above sea level. The island is believed to be relatively new, with the volcano being entirely below sea level before 1796, and most of the presently 300 acre island being formed by eruptions since 1900.

History

The first known emergence of the island above sea level was recorded during an underwater eruption in 1796. Since then, parts of the island have been successively added and eroded. About northwest of Bogoslof, a small volcanic dome emerged in 1883 from the same stratovolcano and has become a stack rock formation known as Fire Island. On the southwest side of Bogoslof, another dome erupted in 1796; it is now called Castle Rock. Other eruptions have occurred in 1796–1804, 1806–1823, 1883–1895, 1906, 1907, 1909–1910, 1926–1928, 1992, and 2016–2017. The island is a breeding site for seabirds, seals, and sea lions. An estimated 90,000 tufted puffins, guillemots, red-legged kittiwakes and gulls nest here.

In 1909, President Theodore Roosevelt designated Bogoslof and Fire Island, a sanctuary for sea lions and nesting marine birds. Together, as the Bogoslof Wilderness, they are currently part of the Aleutian Islands unit of Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. In November 1967, Bogoslof Island was designated a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service. The Bogoslof Island group was added to the National Wilderness Preservation System in 1970.

2016–2017 Eruptions

*20 December 2016: A series of short nearly-daily volcanic eruptions started, producing towering volcanic ash clouds and volcanic lightning, changing the geography of the island. As there are no cameras or monitoring stations on the island and the area is usually overcast, details were uncertain. However, when the weather became favorable, it was seen that a small vent slightly offshore of Bogoslof's northeast beach had erupted explosively, fracturing the original island in two, and forming a new, smaller island to the northeast.
*25 December 2016: Satellite images of the island showed that the island had fractured into three smaller islands centered on what was thought to be the active vent of the eruption, gaining a net , compared to its previous area of . Bogoslof continued to grow in the following weeks, reaching a size of on January 11, 2017, and merging again into a single island.
*02:08 UTC on 20 February (17:08 AKST on 19 February): A significant explosive eruption began at Bogoslof volcano. Seismic and infrasound data showed a series of short-lived explosive pulses through 02:45 UTC; seismicity decreased slightly since then. Recent satellite images show a cloud as high as 25,000 ft asl.
*11 March 2017: Bogoslof was in size, having more than tripled in size, and forming into a large circular island around the central vent, and would likely continue to grow.
*10 May 2017: Bogoslof was estimated to have an area of about 319 acres or 1.3 square kilometers.
*17 May 2017: An eruption sent ash 34,000 feet into the atmosphere.
*28 May 2017: Another eruption sent ash as high as 35,000 feet and raised Aviation Color Code to red, its highest level. Ash that rises above 20,000 feet is a threat to airliners in the area The National Weather Service Alaska Aviation Weather Unit also issued an alert that the ash cloud may climb as high as 50,000 feet.
*30 August 2017: An eruption occurred, with slight volcanic activity continuing into early December, after which the volcano appeared to return to relative inactivity.

Gallery

File:Tufted Puffin Bogoslof Island.jpg, A tufted puffin on Bogoslof Island
File:Bogoslof Island fur seal colony.jpg, A fur seal colony on Bogoslof Island
File:Bogoslof surface 2009.jpg, Surface of the island in August 2009, showing the 1926–1928 lava dome (left) and 1992 lava dome (right)
File:Orca feeding at Bogoslof Island.jpg, Orca feeding on a fur seal at Bogoslof Island
File:Bogoslof 2015 map.png, Satellite image of Bogoslof in 2015, before the 2016–2017 eruptions which significantly altered the island's appearance.
File:Bogoslof April 20 2018.jpg, Bogoslof Island on April 20, 2018, showing the significant post-eruption terrain change.

See also

*Bogoslof Wilderness
*List of National Natural Landmarks
*List of volcanoes in the United States of America

References

External links

Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands-Selected PhotographsBogoslof Island: Block 1069, Census Tract 1, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
United States Census Bureau

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Active volcanoes
Islands of the Aleutian Islands
Islands of Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
National Natural Landmarks in Alaska
Submarine volcanoes
Volcanoes of Alaska
Volcanoes of the Aleutian Islands
New islands
Uninhabited islands of Alaska
Volcanoes of Unorganized Borough, Alaska
Stratovolcanoes of the United States
Islands of Alaska
Islands of Unorganized Borough, Alaska