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The black bittern (''Ixobrychus flavicollis'') is a bittern of Old World origin, breeding in tropical
It is a fairly large species at in length, being by some margin the largest bittern in the genus ''Ixobrychus''. Compared to related species, it has a longish neck and long yellow bill. The adult is uniformly black above, with yellow neck sides. It is whitish below, heavily streaked with brown. The juvenile is like the adult, but dark brown rather than black. They can be difficult to see, given their skulking lifestyle and reed bed habitat, but tend to fly fairly frequently when the all black upperparts makes them unmistakable.
Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria
* On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, the black bittern is listed as vulnerable.
File:Black Bittern (Dupetor flavicollis) in Kinnarsani WS, AP W IMG 6108.jpg, In Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary, Telangana, India
File:Black Bittern (Dupetor flavicollis) in Kinnarsani WS, AP W2 IMG 6115.jpg, In Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary, Telangana, India
File:Black Bittern I IMG 5080.jpg, In
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
from Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
, India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...
, Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mo ...
and Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
east to China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...
, and Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...
. It is mainly resident, but some northern birds migrate short distances.
Description
It is a fairly large species at in length, being by some margin the largest bittern in the genus ''Ixobrychus''. Compared to related species, it has a longish neck and long yellow bill. The adult is uniformly black above, with yellow neck sides. It is whitish below, heavily streaked with brown. The juvenile is like the adult, but dark brown rather than black. They can be difficult to see, given their skulking lifestyle and reed bed habitat, but tend to fly fairly frequently when the all black upperparts makes them unmistakable.Breeding
Their breeding habitat isreed bed
A reedbed or reed bed is a natural habitat found in floodplains, waterlogged depressions and
estuaries. Reedbeds are part of a succession from young reeds colonising open water or wet ground through a gradation of increasingly dry ground. As ...
s. They nest on platforms of reeds in shrubs, or sometimes in trees. Three to five eggs are laid. Diet
Black bitterns feed oninsect
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three pa ...
s, fish
Fish are Aquatic animal, aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack Limb (anatomy), limbs with Digit (anatomy), digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous and bony fish as we ...
, and amphibian
Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arbo ...
s.
Conservation status
Australia
Black bitterns are not listed as threatened on the AustralianEnvironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
The ''Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999'' (Cth) is an Act of the Parliament of Australia that provides a framework for protection of the Australian environment, including its biodiversity and its natural and cult ...
.
State of Victoria, Australia
* The black bittern is listed as threatened on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988). Under this act, an ''Action Statement'' for the recovery and future management of this species has not yet been prepared.* On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, the black bittern is listed as vulnerable.
Gallery
Kolkata
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...
, West Bengal
West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fou ...
, India
File:Black Bittern.jpg, In Kolkata, West Bengal, India
File:BlackBittern.jpg, Black bittern with frog catch at Chilika, Odisha
File:Black bittern in its habitat.jpg, In its natural habitat from wetlands of Ernakuam, Kerala, India
References
* ''Birds of India'' by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, {{Taxonbar, from=Q888559 black bittern black bittern Birds of South Asia Birds of Southeast Asia Birds of Oceania black bittern Birds of Nepal