Berne Convention (1906)
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__NOTOC__ The Berne Convention (formally, the International Convention respecting the Prohibition of the Use of White (Yellow) Phosphorus in the Manufacture of Matches (french: Convention internationale sur l'interdiction de l'emploi du phosphore blanc (jaune) dans l'industrie des allumettes)) of 1906 is a
multilateral treaty A multilateral treaty is a treaty to which two or more sovereign states are parties. Each party owes the same obligations to all other parties, except to the extent that they have stated reservations. Examples of multilateral treaties include the ...
negotiated in
Berne Bern () or Berne; in other Swiss languages, gsw, Bärn ; frp, Bèrna ; it, Berna ; rm, Berna is the ''de facto'' Capital city, capital of Switzerland, referred to as the "federal city" (in german: Bundesstadt, link=no, french: ville fédérale ...
, Switzerland, which prohibits the use of
white phosphorus Elemental phosphorus can exist in several allotropes, the most common of which are white and red solids. Solid violet and black allotropes are also known. Gaseous phosphorus exists as diphosphorus and atomic phosphorus. White phosphorus White ...
in the manufacture of matches. The treaty also prohibits the import and sale of such matches. The background to the treaty was the extensive medical problems such as
phossy jaw Phossy jaw, formally known as phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, was an occupational disease affecting those who worked with white phosphorus (also known as ''yellow phosphorus'') without proper safeguards. It was most commonly seen in workers in th ...
facing workers in match production. The treaty was concluded on 26 September 1906. It entered into force on 1 January 1912. The Convention remains in force for 48 states. Switzerland is the depositary for the treaty. In 1925
Edward J. Phelan Edward Joseph Phelan (25 July 1888 – 15 September 1967), frequently E. J. Phelan, was the first appointed international civil servant and fourth Director-General of the International Labour Office, serving from 1941 to 1948, during most of which ...
, future Director General of the
International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...
, stated that the establishment of the ILO "may in one sense be traced to the Berne Convention of 1906", partly as a result of lobbying by the International Association for Labour Legislation.


See also

*
London matchgirls strike of 1888 The matchgirls' strike of 1888 was an industrial action by the women and teenage girls working at the Bryant & May match factory in Bow, London. Background Match making In the late nineteenth century, matches were made using sticks of popl ...


Notes


References

* John Emsley, ''The Shocking History of Phosphorus: A Biography of the Devil's Element'' (2000) Macmillan Publishers, Ltd.: London, England


External links


The Berne Convention of 1906
*{{in lang, fr}

official depositary

Chemical industry Occupational safety and health treaties Treaties concluded in 1906 Treaties entered into force in 1912 History of Bern Health treaties 1906 in Switzerland Treaties of Argentina Treaties extended to Australia Treaties of the First Austrian Republic Treaties of Belgium Treaties of the Kingdom of Bulgaria Treaties extended to Canada Treaties of Chile Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–1949) Treaties of Cyprus Treaties of Ivory Coast Treaties of Denmark Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt Treaties of Spain under the Restoration Treaties of Estonia Treaties of Fiji Treaties of Finland Treaties of the French Third Republic Treaties of the Gambia Treaties of the German Empire Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946) Treaties extended to British India Treaties of Pahlavi Iran Treaties of the Irish Free State Treaties of Israel Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) Treaties of the Empire of Japan Treaties of Luxembourg Treaties of Madagascar Treaties of Mali Treaties of Malta Treaties of Mauritius Treaties of Mauritania Treaties of Morocco Treaties of Montenegro Treaties of the Netherlands Treaties extended to New Zealand Treaties of Niger Treaties of Norway Treaties of the Second Polish Republic Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania Treaties of Senegal Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro Treaties extended to the Union of South Africa Treaties of Sweden Treaties of Switzerland Treaties of Turkey Treaties of Uganda Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922) Treaties of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia White phosphorus Treaties extended to New Caledonia Treaties extended to Réunion Treaties extended to French Polynesia Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna Treaties extended to Gibraltar Treaties extended to Anguilla Treaties extended to Montserrat Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands Treaties extended to Greenland Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands Chemical safety