Bernard I of Baden (1364 – 5 April 1431,

Baden Baden (; ) is a historical territory in South Germany, in earlier times on both sides of the Upper Rhine but since the Napoleonic Wars only East of the Rhine. History The margraves of Baden originated from the House of Zähringen. Baden i ...

) was Margrave of the

Margraviate of Baden The Margraviate of Baden (german: Markgrafschaft Baden) was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire. Spread along the east side of the Upper Rhine River in southwestern Germany, it was named a margraviate in 1112 and existed until 1535, ...

from 1391 to 1431.

Life

He was the elder son of Rudolf VI and Matilda of Sponheim. He and his brother Rudolf VII concluded an inheritance contract in 1380, according to which the margraviate might be divided only among male descendants for two generations. Rudolf VII afterwards received the southern areas from

Ettlingen Ettlingen (; South Franconian: ''Eddlinge'') is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about south of the city of Karlsruhe and approximately from the border with Lauterbourg, in France's Bas-Rhin department. Ettlingen is the second largest tow ...

via

Rastatt Rastatt () is a town with a Baroque core, District of Rastatt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located in the Upper Rhine Plain on the Murg river, above its junction with the Rhine and has a population of around 50,000 (2011). Rastatt was a ...

Baden-Baden Baden-Baden () is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with Fra ...

, Bernard himself the areas around

Durlach Durlach is a borough of the German city of Karlsruhe with a population of roughly 30,000. History Durlach was bestowed by emperor Frederick II on the margrave Hermann V of Zähringen as an allodial possession. It was chosen by the margrave Ch ...

and Pforzheim. He had his family seat in the fortress of Hohenbaden high above the thermal baths of the town of Baden. During his reign he extended the castle from the underlying Gothic structure. On 25 July 1415 for

Rhenish guilder The Rhenish ''gulden'' or Rhenish ''guilder'' (german: Rheinischer Gulden; la, florenus Rheni) was a gold, standard currency coin of the Rhineland in the 14th and 15th centuries. They weighed between 3.4 and 3.8 grams (). History The Rhenish ...

s, he purchased Hachberg, Höhingen, Ober-Usenberg and the town of Sulzburg in

Upper Baden Upper may refer to: * Shoe upper or ''vamp'', the part of a shoe on the top of the foot * Stimulant, drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both * ''Upper'', the original film title for the 2013 found f ...

from

Otto II Otto II (955 – 7 December 983), called the Red (''der Rote''), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy ...

, the last margrave of the eponymous collateral line. During this time he had many disputes with the towns of

Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label= Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label= Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the ...

Speyer Speyer (, older spelling ''Speier'', French: ''Spire,'' historical English: ''Spires''; pfl, Schbaija) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the river Rhine, Speyer lie ...

and with king

Ruprecht I Ruprecht may refer to: * Ruprecht (name) *Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg } Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, (german: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; la, Universitas Ruperto Carola He ...

. His successor

Jacob I Catholicos Jacob I the Learned was the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church , native_name_lang = hy , icon = Armenian Apostolic Church logo.svg , icon_width = 100px , icon_alt = , image ...

further expanded the castle into a fortress.

Family and children

On 22 June 1368 was performed the betrothal between Bernard I and

Margarete Margarete is a German feminine given name. It is derived from Ancient Greek ''margarites'' (μαργαρίτης), meaning "the pearl". Via the Latin ''margarita'', it arrived in the German sprachraum. Related names in English include Daisy, Gre ...

, only daughter and heiress of Count Rudolph III of Hohenberg. The formal marriage took place sixteen years later, on 1 September 1384. They had no children and finally divorced in 1391. On 15 September 1397 was granted a Papal dispensation for the future marriage between Bernard I and

Anna Anna may refer to: People Surname and given name * Anna (name) Mononym * Anna the Prophetess, in the Gospel of Luke * Anna (wife of Artabasdos) (fl. 715–773) * Anna (daughter of Boris I) (9th–10th century) * Anna (Anisia) (fl. 1218 to 1221) ...

, daughter of Count Louis XI of Oettingen, because they are related in the prohibited 4th degree of consanguinity. The marriage took place on 27 March 1398, and the dispensation was renewed some months later, on 27 August. They had ten children: # Anna (15 March 1399 – after 6 December 1421), married 11 May 1409 Louis IV of Lichtenberg. # Beatrix (24 June 1400 – 1452), married 11 July 1411 Count Emich VI of Leiningen-Hartenburg. # Matilde (11 December 1401 – 18 April 1402). # Margarete (25 January 1404 – 7 November 1442), married 1 March 1418 Count Adolph II of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein. #

Jacob Jacob (; ; ar, يَعْقُوب, Yaʿqūb; gr, Ἰακώβ, Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ...

(15 March 1407, Hachberg – 13 October 1453,

Mühlburg Mühlburg, formerly a town on its own right, is a borough located in the west of Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The name ''Mühlburg'' could be translated as 'Mill Castle' and refers to a water mill and a water castle located at the sit ...

), Margrave of Baden-Baden. # Agnes (25 March 1408 – January 1473,

Ebersteinburg Ebersteinburg is an Ortsteil of Baden-Baden, Germany. At 426m in elevation it lies between the valleys of the Murg and Oos rivers. The village has a population of 1,300 and since 1972 has been part of the city of Baden-Baden. By 1100CE the C ...

), married firstly 2 June 1432 Count Gerhard VII of Holstein-Rendsburg and secondly (secretly on 2 June 1436) Hans von Löwen. # Ursula (24 October 1409 – 24 March 1429), married firstly 20 December 1422 Count Gottfried IX of Ziegenhain and secondly 16 April 1426 Duke Ulrich II of Teck. # Bernard (31 October 1412 – 27 July 1424). # Brigitte (1 January 1416 – after 24 July 1441), a nun. # Rudolph (13 July 1417 – August 1424). He also had two illegitimate children: *Bernhard, Priest at Besigheim (between 1422 and 1439) and Canon at Basel Cathedral in 1439. *Anna (d. before 12 May 1449), married before 1439 Paul Lutran von Ertrin, Vogt of Pforzheim in 1453.

References

* Friedrich von Weech
''Bernhard I., Markgraf v. Baden''
n:''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB)'', vol 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, pp. 415–416. * H. Dietrich Siebert
''Bernhard I., Markgraf von Baden''
n:''Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB)'', vol. 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, p. 10
online
* Richard Fester: ''Die Erwerbung der Herrschaften Hachberg und Höhingen durch Markgraf Bernhard I. von Baden'' in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins, NF vol. X., 1895, pp. 650–667. * Richard Fester: ''Markgraf Bernhard I. und die Anfänge des badischen Territorialstaates'', 189
online

Life

Family and children

References

See also