Beattie Park Mound Group
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The Beattie Park Mound Group is a grouping of
Late Woodland In the classification of archaeological cultures of North America, the Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 BCE to European contact in the eastern part of North America, with some archaeologi ...
period Indian mounds located in downtown
Rockford, Illinois Rockford is a city in Winnebago County, Illinois, located in the far northern part of the state. Situated on the banks of the Rock River, Rockford is the county seat of Winnebago County (a small portion of the city is located in Ogle County). ...
, United States.


Location

The Beattie Park Mound Group is located in downtown
Rockford, Illinois Rockford is a city in Winnebago County, Illinois, located in the far northern part of the state. Situated on the banks of the Rock River, Rockford is the county seat of Winnebago County (a small portion of the city is located in Ogle County). ...
' Beattie Park. It consists of three conical mounds (one outside the park boundaries), an effigy mound in the shape of a turtle, and a linear mound.Rohrbough, p. 15. Beattie Park is north of Park Avenue and south of Mound Avenue, but there is one
mound A mound is a heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris. Most commonly, mounds are earthen formations such as hills and mountains, particularly if they appear artificial. A mound may be any rounded area of topographically higher el ...
remnant in front of the house at 509 Indian Terrace. On its west, the park is bounded by Main Street and to its east lies the Rock River. Mounds are the most visible evidence of cultures that lived for hundreds of years in the mix of biomes in northern Illinois.Rohrbough, pp. 19-23. Mound groups in eastern North America are primarily located along waterways, as is the case with the Beattie Park Mounds. Effigy (animal-shaped) mounds are found in Wisconsin and adjoining parts of neighboring states south of the
conifer Conifers are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single ...
hardwood forests and stretch from eastern Iowa to
Lake Michigan Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume () and the third-largest by surface area (), after Lake Superior and Lake Huron. To the east, its basin is conjoined with that o ...


History

The mounds and mound remnants in Beattie Park date from an era during the Late Woodland known as the
Effigy mound An effigy mound is a raised pile of earth built in the shape of a stylized animal, symbol, religious figure, human, or other figure. The Effigy Moundbuilder culture is primarily associated with the years 550-1200 CE during the Late Woodland Peri ...
Period. This period spanned from about 700-1100 C.E. in the Upper
Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system in North America, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, it f ...
Valley in parts of
Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to the ...
,
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...
,
Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...
and
Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
. Native American Mound builders were not a single culture but several groups that interacted and made artifacts and structures such as mounds in similar ways. The mounds in Beattie Park probably date from the early part of the time period 700-1100, when most of the effigy mounds seem to have been built. The grouping represents the remnants of a cluster that originally included nine conical mounds, a linear mound, an earthen embankment, and two effigy mounds: a bird and a turtle.Rohrbough, p. 3. Through the years, some of the mounds were destroyed or disturbed. When Sears now the home of
Rockford Art Museum Rockford or Rockfords may refer to: Places United States * Rockford, Illinois, a city, the largest municipality of this name *Rockford, Alabama, a town * Rockford, Idaho, a census-designated place * Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois, a United St ...
constructed a parking lot on North Main Street in the mid-1950s one of the conical mounds was destroyed. A bird effigy was destroyed when the North Main Manor apartment building was under construction across Park Avenue from the mounds.


See also

*
Indian Mounds Park (disambiguation) The term Indian Mounds Park may refer to: * Beattie Park Mound Group in Rockford, Illinois * Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa * Indian Mound Park in Dauphin Island, Alabama * Indian Mound Park in Ortona, Florida * Indian Mounds Park in Qu ...
*
Sinnissippi Mounds The Sinnissippi Mounds are a Havana Hopewell culture burial mound grouping located in the city of Sterling, Illinois, United States. History The mounds are a product of the Hopewell tradition which flourished in the Sterling area around 2,000 y ...
*
List of archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois __NOTOC__ This is a list of archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois. Historic sites in the United States qualify to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places by passing one or more of four differen ...


References

*Rohrbough, Charles T.
Beattie Park Mounds Group
" (
PDF Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. ...
), National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, 1 July 1990, HAARGIS Database, ''Illinois Historic Preservation Agency''. Retrieved 16 July 2007.


Notes


External links


Property Information Report
Illinois Historic Preservation Agency The Illinois Historic Preservation Division, formerly Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, is a governmental agency of the U.S. state of Illinois, and is a division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. It is tasked with the duty of m ...
, accessed October 23, 2008. {{Pre-Columbian North America Mississippian culture Native American populated places Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois Geography of Rockford, Illinois National Register of Historic Places in Winnebago County, Illinois Parks in Illinois Protected areas of Winnebago County, Illinois Tourist attractions in Rockford, Illinois Mounds in Illinois