The Battle of Kaesong-Munsan (

Hangul The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The le ...

Hanja Hanja (Hangul: ; Hanja: , ), alternatively known as Hancha, are Chinese characters () used in the writing of Korean. Hanja was used as early as the Gojoseon period, the first ever Korean kingdom. (, ) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, ...

:) was a part of

Operation Pokpoong Operation Pokpoong (폭풍작전; Korean for ''Storm'') was an offensive operation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) against the Republic of Korea (ROK) that marked the start of the Korean War. The operation began at 04:00 KST ...

, the offensive by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea that marked the beginning of the

Korean War , date = {{Ubl, 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 (''de facto'')({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=6, day1=25, year1=1950, month2=7, day2=27, year2=1953), 25 June 1950 – present (''de jure'')({{Age in years, months, weeks a ...

Order of battle

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

* 1st Infantry Division - Brigadier General

Choe Kwang Marshal Choe Kwang (; July 17, 1918 – February 21, 1997) was a prominent military leader in North Korea. Biography He graduated from the Soviet Military School and served as captain in the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army until the end of the Jap ...

** 1st Infantry Regiment - Colonel Hwang Seok ** 2nd Infantry Regiment - Colonel Kim Yang-choon ** 3rd Infantry Regiment - Senior Colonel Lee Chang-kwon * 6th Infantry Division - Brigadier General Bang Ho-san ** 13th Infantry Regiment - Colonel Kim Hoo-jin ** 14th Infantry Regiment - Colonel Han Il-rae ** 15th Infantry Regiment - Colonel Kim Hyun-ki

Republic of Korea

* 1st Infantry Division - Colonel

Paik Sun-yup Paik Sun-yup (; November 23, 1920 – July 10, 2020) was a South Korean military officer. Paik is best known for his service during the Korean War, for being the first four-star general in the history of the South Korean military, and for his ...

** 11th Infantry Regiment - Colonel Choe Kyung-rok ** 12th Infantry Regiment - Lieutenant Colonel Kim Jeom-gon ** 13th Infantry Regiment - Colonel Kim Ik-ryeol

Prelude

Due to the reorganisation of the

Republic of Korea Army The Republic of Korea Army (ROKA; ko, 대한민국 육군; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍; RR: ''Daehanminguk Yuk-gun''), also known as the ROK Army or South Korean Army, is the army of South Korea, responsible for ground-based warfare. It is the l ...

, the quality of training of the ROK 1st Infantry Division was lower than that of other divisions. The 11th Infantry Regiment and the 12th Infantry Regiment just began battalion-sized training; only 2 battalions from the 13th Infantry Regiment were at the last phase of the training, and 1 battalion was sent away for the field training. In addition, 57% of the soldiers were given leave on June 24. Under the circumstances, the 12th Infantry Regiment had to defend 80 km frontline with only 800 troops. Moreover, heavy firearms and vehicles were sent to the rear for reorganization, and the division commander

was absent at the scene for training since June 14.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaesong-Munsan Battles and operations of the Korean War in 1950 Battles of the Korean War involving North Korea Battles of the Korean War involving South Korea June 1950 events in Asia