Barrow upon Humber is a village and

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authorit ...

North Lincolnshire North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in Lincolnshire, England, with a population of 167,446 in the 2011 census. The borough includes the towns of Scunthorpe, Brigg, Haxey, Crowle, Epworth, Bottesford, Kirton in Lindsey and Bar ...

, England. The population (including Barrow Hann) at the 2011 census was 3,022. The village is situated near the

Humber The Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal rivers Ouse and Trent. From there to the North Sea, it forms part of the boundary between t ...

, about east from

Barton-upon-Humber Barton-upon-Humber () or Barton is a town and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 11,066. It is situated on the south bank of the Humber Estuary at the southern end of the Humber Bridge. It is ...

. The small port of

Barrow Haven Barrow Haven is a hamlet and small port in North Lincolnshire, England. It was the site of a former ferry crossing that spanned from the Humber Estuary to Hull, serving as a place for ships and boats crossing the Humber to moor away from the t ...

, north, on the railway line from Cleethorpes and

Grimsby Grimsby or Great Grimsby is a port town and the administrative centre of North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England. Grimsby adjoins the town of Cleethorpes directly to the south-east forming a conurbation. Grimsby is north-east of L ...

handles timber from Latvia and

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

History

Barrow contains the site of a late Anglo-Saxon monastery, which has been fully excavated. The location is now built over, but is marked by a plaque in the village. King Wulfhere gave land to Caedda (

Saint Chad Chad of Mercia (died 2 March 672) was a prominent 7th-century Anglo-Saxon Catholic monk who became abbot of several monasteries, Bishop of the Northumbrians and subsequently Bishop of the Mercians and Lindsey People. He was later canonised ...

) in the 7th century at ''Ad Barvae'' (at the wood). It was on this site that the monastery was developed. The street adjacent to the monastery site is still known as St. Chad. A

windmill A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, specifically to mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications, in some ...

, known as Rigg's Mill, was located on the western side of the village but was largely demolished in 1928. A

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...

quarry existed on the south side of the village. Limestone was baked in

retort In a chemistry laboratory, a retort is a device used for distillation or dry distillation of substances. It consists of a spherical vessel with a long downward-pointing neck. The liquid to be distilled is placed in the vessel and heated. The ...

s during the preparation of slaked lime. Remains of the retorts can be found on private property close to the quarry. The village was bombed during the Second World War. Names of civilians killed are recorded on the

cenotaph A cenotaph is an empty tomb or a monument erected in honour of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been reinterred elsewhere. Although the vast majority of cenot ...

on the church grounds. Several unexploded bombs were removed from the village by military bomb disposal experts. It is possible that a German bomber dumped its bombs on the village instead of the intended nearby heavily defended target of Hull.

Culture and community

According to the 2001 census Barrow upon Humber had a population of 2,745. For many years the village supported a

mummers Mummers' plays are folk plays performed by troupes of amateur actors, traditionally all male, known as mummers or guisers (also by local names such as ''rhymers'', ''pace-eggers'', ''soulers'', ''tipteerers'', ''wrenboys'', and ''galoshins''). ...

troupe known as the Plough-Jags. Such troupes were associated with the festivities of

Plough Monday Plough Monday is the traditional start of the English agricultural year. While local practices may vary, Plough Monday is generally the first Monday after Epiphany, 6 January. References to Plough Monday date back to the late 15th century. The ...

which marked the opening of the agricultural year. There is one public house: the Royal Oak . The second: the Six Bells closed ~2019. A third public house, the Red Lion, situated on the lower High Street, reverted to a residence in the early 20th century. John Harrison Church of England

Primary School A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary e ...

is situated on North Street. Built in the last decade of the 19th century and formerly named Barrow upon Humber Church of England Primary School, it was renamed in honour of

John Harrison John Harrison ( – 24 March 1776) was a self-educated English carpenter and clockmaker who invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of calculating longitude while at sea. Harrison's solution revol ...

, designer of maritime

chronometer A clock or a timepiece is a device used to measure and indicate time. The clock is one of the oldest human inventions, meeting the need to measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units such as the day, the lunar month and th ...

s, who lived in the village until 1736. The village is the home of Barton-upon-Humber

Rugby Union Rugby union, commonly known simply as rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In it ...

Football Club, whose clubhouse is on Mill Lane. Barrow Bowls Club is a small but friendly lawn bowls club, playing in three leagues from May to September. The club house is located at the end of Thorngarth Lane and is closely associated with Barrow Sports and Fitness Centre, which includes squash courts, snooker tables and a bar.

Landmarks

Many of the buildings in the centre of the village are of 18th- and 19th-century origin. A number of buildings of note include

Down Hall Down Hall is a Victorian country house and estate near Hatfield Heath in the English county of Essex, close to its border with Hertfordshire. It is surrounded by of woodland, parkland and landscaped gardens, some of which is protected by the ...

, Barrow Hall, Papist Hall, Forester's Hall and West Cote Farm.

Church

The

Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norm ...

church, with parts that appear to be of earlier origin, is situated on a hilltop to the north of the village and known as the Church of Holy Trinity. When the grounds of the church were landscaped during the 1960s, many graves were lost and the remains were reburied in a communal grave site close to the northern wall of the church. There was much controversy about the disturbing of graves at the time. A sundial designed by James Harrison, younger brother of

, stood on the south side of the church near the

but this has now been removed and replaced by a replica. The church

lytch gate A lychgate, also spelled lichgate, lycugate, lyke-gate or as two separate words lych gate, (from Old English ''lic'', corpse), also ''wych gate'', is a gateway covered with a roof found at the entrance to a traditional English or English-style c ...

was removed circa 1960 but there are still lich-stones on the right hand side when entering the church proper. The

churchwarden A churchwarden is a lay official in a parish or congregation of the Anglican Communion or Catholic Church, usually working as a part-time volunteer. In the Anglican tradition, holders of these positions are ''ex officio'' members of the parish b ...

's house that was located immediately to the east of the church path was condemned and demolished at about the same time. The church has a full peal of bells used frequently by local and visiting campanologists.

Thornton Abbey

Thornton Abbey Thornton Abbey was a medieval abbey located close to the small North Lincolnshire village of Thornton Curtis, near Ulceby, and directly south of Hull on the other side of the Humber estuary. Its ruins are a Grade I listed building, including not ...

is situated about 2 miles south from Barrow. On 5 October 1541 Henry VIII, after visiting Hull with the Privy Council, crossed the river in a naval vessel and disembarked at

and rode through Barrow en route to the abbey. Whilst the main part of the abbey has largely disappeared, the gatehouse remains and is open to the public.

Market Place

The

market place A marketplace or market place is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. In different parts of the world, a marketplace may be described as a ''souk'' (from the Arabic), '' ...

is identified by the stump of a medieval cross. The gas lamp, installed during the Victorian period and which topped the stones, was removed in the first half of the 20th century. The marketplace has been remodelled to accommodate car parking but the original shape and size can be determined from the alignment of the houses on the northern and eastern sides. The space is used for a number of village events including the annual Wheelbarrow Weekend and the Christmas Fair. Recently trees have been planted to replace those removed in the early years of this century. New seating has been installed bearing motifs celebrating the life and work of John Harrison.

Village hall

The

village hall A village hall is a public building in a village used for various things such as: United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, a village hall is usually a building which contains at least one large room (plus kitchen and toilets), is owned by a local ...

is on the eastern side of the lower High Street and was once used as a cinema. A projection room was situated above the main entrance doorway. Access to hidden rooms could be attained through a trapdoor accessible through the ceiling of the projection room.

Blow wells and the Beck

Fresh water was available from the many springs in the area via two blow wells known as the Caedda Wells. Later this name was contracted; however the blow wells are still known by the locals as the Cadwells. Due to the limestone strata, there are many freshwater springs in the area. One such spring is the source of the local stream known as the Beck. It flows through the village in roughly a south-west/north-east direction. Where it passes beneath Beck Lane, there is a restored hand-operated pump which originally drew water up into the barrels on horse-drawn carts. These carts would then deliver the water to houses in the village that had no water source of their own. Once clear of the village, the Beck is known as the Leden and passes through

sluice gates Sluice ( ) is a word for a channel controlled at its head by a movable gate which is called a sluice gate. A sluice gate is traditionally a wood or metal barrier sliding in grooves that are set in the sides of the waterway and can be considered ...

to flow to

, and then flows into the

River Humber The Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal rivers Ouse and Trent. From there to the North Sea, it forms part of the boundary between t ...

. The original

were of wooden construction and situated beneath the small stone bridge at Ferry Road, Barrow Haven. The gates were two opposing, free-swinging, vertically-hinged doors and closed with the pressure of incoming tidal water, thus preventing salt water and, more importantly, flood water from flowing into the Leden and possibly flooding the low-lying farmlands at Barrow Hann, which lies between Barrow Haven and Barrow upon Humber. New

have been constructed since the 1960s approximately 50 yards downstream of Ferry Road.

Notable people

* St Chad was given land to found a

monastery A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone ( hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer whi ...

at Barrow, by King Wulfhere of

Mercia la, Merciorum regnum , conventional_long_name=Kingdom of Mercia , common_name=Mercia , status=Kingdom , status_text=Independent kingdom (527–879) Client state of Wessex () , life_span=527–918 , era= Heptarchy , event_start= , date_start= , ...

. * Barrow was the birthplace of John Sergeant, the Roman Catholic priest, controversialist and theologian (1623–1707). * Barrow upon Humber was the home of

, the pioneer of a fail-safe way of establishing

longitude Longitude (, ) is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east– west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek lette ...

at sea. A copy of Harrison's 1759

marine chronometer A marine chronometer is a precision timepiece that is carried on a ship and employed in the determination of the ship's position by celestial navigation. It is used to determine longitude by comparing Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or in the modern ...

, H4, made by

Larcum Kendall Larcum Kendall (21 September 1719 in Charlbury, Oxfordshire – 22 November 1790 in London) was a British watchmaker. Early life Kendall was born on 21 September 1719 in Charlbury. His father was a mercer and linen draper named Moses K ...

, and referred to as K1, travelled in 1772 with

Captain Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and ...

on his second Pacific voyage. Captain Cook grew to trust and rely on the timekeeper, which helped contribute to timekeepers being accepted as the way forward in the practical method of determining longitude at sea. Harrison was the subject of the 2000 film ''Longitude'' starring Michael Gambon. In television, the

premise A premise or premiss is a true or false statement that helps form the body of an argument, which logically leads to a true or false conclusion. A premise makes a declarative statement about its subject matter which enables a reader to either agre ...

of the discovery of Harrison's clock was used in the plot of several episodes of the

BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...

...