Baraba Tatars
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The Baraba (
Siberian Tatar Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...
: параба, бараба, барама, бараба татарлар) are a sub-group of
Siberian Tatars Siberian Tatars ( sty, , ), the ethnographic and ethnoterritorial group of Tatars of Western Siberia, the indigenous Turkic-speaking population of the forests and steppes of Western Siberia, originate in areas stretching from somewhat east of ...
and the indigenous people of the Ob-
Irtysh The Irtysh ( otk, 𐰼𐱅𐰾:𐰇𐰏𐰕𐰏, Ertis ügüzüg, mn, Эрчис мөрөн, ''Erchis mörön'', "erchleh", "twirl"; russian: Иртыш; kk, Ертіс, Ertis, ; Chinese: 额尔齐斯河, pinyin: ''É'ěrqísī hé'', Xiao'erj ...
interfluve. After a strenuous resistance to Russian conquest and much suffering at a later period from Kyrgyz and Kalmyk raids, they now live by agriculture — either in separate villages or along with Russians. Some of them still speak
Baraba dialect Baraba or Baraba Tatar, is spoken by at least 8,000 Baraba Tatars in Siberia. It is a dialect of Siberian Tatar language. While middle aged individuals and the young generation speak Russian and Volga-Ural Tatar languages, Baraba dialect is used ...
of
Siberian Tatar language Siberian Tatar language (себертатар теле, көнбатыш себер татарлары теле)) is a Turkic languages, Turkic language spoken in Western Siberia region of Russia, primarily in the oblasts of Tyumen, Novosibirsk Ob ...
. They traditionally live on the
Baraba steppe The Baraba steppe or Baraba Lowland (), is a plain in western Siberia. The Baraba Lowland is an important Russian agricultural region. Geography It stretches for across the Omsk and Novosibirsk oblasts between the Irtysh and the Ob Rivers. Gra ...
.


Population

They were first mentioned as a separate ethnic group in the Russian Empire Census in 1897 and First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union in 1926. According to
1897 Census The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897 ( pre-reform Russian: ) was the first and only nation-wide census performed in the Russian Empire (the Grand Duchy of Finland was excluded). It recorded demographic data as ...
their population was 4,433. In 1926 there were 7,528 Baraba Tatars.
Ethnographers Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...
estimated that their population reached 8,380 in 1971. According to the data of the
Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the RAS Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (russian: Институт филологии СО РАН) is a research institute based in Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk, Russia. History In 1966, the Institute of History, Philology, an ...
, there were 8,000 Baraba Tatars in
Novosibirsk Oblast Novosibirsk Oblast (russian: Новосиби́рская о́бласть, ''Novosibirskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southwestern Siberia. Its administrative and economic center is the city of Novosibirsk ...
in 2012.


History

The Baraba Tatars are descended from Kipchak tribes who inhabited the region during the 12th and 13th centuries. The region was conquered by the
Mongols The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...
in the 13th century and was incorporated into the
White Horde The eldest son of Genghis Khan, (who established the Mongol Empire) Jochi had several sons. When he died, they inherited their father's dominions as fiefs under the rule of their brothers, Batu Khan, as supreme khan and Orda Khan, who, although t ...
. The Baraba Tatars lived in the eastern portion of the
Khanate of Sibir The Khanate of Sibir (also Khanate of Turan, sty, Себер ханлыгы) was a Tatar Khanate located in southwestern Siberia with a Turco-Mongol ruling class. Throughout its history, members of the Shaybanid and Taibugid dynasties often con ...
when it was established in the 15th century. The Russians subjugated the Baraba Tatars in the 18th century. During the 19th century, the autonomy of the Baraba Tatars eroded away due to the influx of Russian setters to the region and the high taxes imposed on them by the Russian state. The Russian settlers pushed out the Baraba from more fertile lands. The
Dzungar Khanate The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin. At its greatest extent, it covered an area from southern Siberia in the north to present-day Kyrgyzstan in the south, and from t ...
extracted yasaq (tribute) from their Baraba Muslim underlings. Converting to Orthodox Christianity and becoming Russian subjects was a tactic by the Baraba to find an excuse not to pay yasaq to the Dzungars. Since Muslim
Siberian Bukharans The Siberian Bukharans (self-designation: ''Poğarlı'') are an ethnographic and sociocultural group in Siberia. They constituted a significant part of the Tobol-Irtysh and Tom groups of Siberian Tatars. The legend has it that their ancestors cam ...
had legal advantages and privileges under Russia, Barabas pretended to be them.


Culture

The Baraba Tatars are Sunni Muslims. They adopted Islam at around the latter half of the 18th century. However, the Baraba Tatars may have been exposed to Islam as early as the late 16th century and some may have been Muslim by the early 17th century. Baraba Tatars have traditionally engaged in hunting, fishing, agriculture, and breeding some cattle and horses.


Genetics

The most common Y-DNA haplogroup among Baraba Tatars is the haplogroup Q, specifically the Q-YP4000 and Q-L330 subclades. Among northern Baraba Tatars, the most widespread is haplogroup N1b-P43. Other, less common haplogroups are R1a1-Z93 and R1b-M73.https://www.academia.edu/41588994/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92_%D0%93_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%97_%D0%90_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C_%D0%91_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%95_%D0%92_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85 Genetics of the Siberian Tatars in the context of archaeological and historical data


Sources

Wixman, Ronald. ''The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook'' (Armonk: M. E. Shapre, 1984) p. 22


References

{{Reflist


External links


Information about Baraba Tatars
Siberian Tatars Novosibirsk Oblast Omsk Oblast Indigenous peoples of North Asia