The Bakerian Medal is one of the premier medals of the

Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...

that recognizes exceptional and outstanding science. It comes with a medal award and a prize lecture. The medalist is required to give a lecture on any topic related to

physical sciences Physical science is a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to life science. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a "physical science", together called the "physical sciences". Definition Phy ...

. It is awarded annually to individuals in the field of physical sciences, including computer science.

History

The prize was started in 1775, when Henry Baker left £100 to establish a spoken lecture given by a Fellow of the Royal Society ''on such part of natural history or

experimental philosophy Experimental philosophy is an emerging field of philosophical inquiry Edmonds, David and Warburton, NigelPhilosophy’s great experiment, ''Prospect'', March 1, 2009 that makes use of empirical data—often gathered through surveys which probe ...

'' as the Society shall determine. Clearly, this is to deliver a lecture of scientific interests and importance, and encourage sharing of knowledge with others.

Awardees

Source
Royal Society

21st century

*2023

Andrew Zisserman Andrew Zisserman (born 1957) is a British computer scientist and a professor at the University of Oxford, and a researcher in computer vision. As of 2014 he is affiliated with DeepMind. Education Zisserman received the Part III of the Mathema ...

, ''for research on computational theory and commercial systems for geometrical analysis of images, and for being a pioneer and leading scientist in machine learning for vision, especially image recognition'' *2022

Michelle Simmons Michelle Yvonne Simmons, (born 14 July 1967) is a Scientia Professor of Quantum Physics in the Faculty of Science at the University of New South Wales and has twice been an Australian Research Council Federation Fellow and is an Australian Res ...

, ''for seminal contributions to our understanding of nature at the atomic-scale by creating a sequence of world-first quantum electronic devices in which individual atoms control device behaviour'' *2021 Victoria Kaspi, ''for her research focused on neutron stars and their utility for constraining basic physics'' *2020 Sir

James Hough Sir James Hough (born 6 August 1945) is a British physicist and an international leader in the search for gravitational waves. Career and research Hough has held the following professional positions: * Professor of experimental physics at ...

, ''for his world-leading work on suspensions systems for the test masses used in laser interferometry, pivotal to the successful detection of gravitational waves.'' *2019

Edward Hinds Edward Allen Hinds FInstP FAPS FRS (born 8 Sept 1949) is a British physicist noted for his work with cold matter. He was educated at Dame Allan's School in Newcastle before being offered a place at Jesus College, Oxford, where he matriculate ...

, ''for his achievements in controlling individual atoms, molecules and photons.'' *2018

Susan Solomon Susan Solomon (born January 19, 1956 in Chicago) is an American atmospheric chemist, working for most of her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In 2011, Solomon joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech ...

, ''her contributions in atmospheric science especially on polar ozone depletion.'' *2017

Andrew Hopper Andrew Christopher Graham Hopper (1 October 1948 – 25 July 2018) was a British solicitor who practised on his own account in a niche practice concerned with professional regulation and discipline, principally in relation to solicitors. He f ...

, ''for his work in computer networking and sentient computing systems.'' *2016

Andrea Ghez Andrea is a given name which is common worldwide for both males and females, cognate to Andreas, Andrej and Andrew. Origin of the name The name derives from the Greek word ἀνήρ (''anēr''), genitive ἀνδρός (''andrós''), that ref ...

, ''The monster at the heart of our galaxy'' *2015 John Ellis, ''The Long Road to the Higgs Boson - and Beyond'' *2014

Lynn Gladden Dame Lynn Faith Gladden (born 30 July 1961) is the Shell Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Cambridge. She served as Pro-vice-chancellor for research from 2010 to 2016. Gladden was elected a member of the National Academy ...

, ''It’s magnetic resonance – but not as you know it'' *2013 David Leigh, ''Making the tiniest machines'' *2012 Peter Edwards, ''Metals and the conducting and superconducting states of matter'' *2011

Herbert Huppert Herbert Eric Huppert (born 26 November 1943) is an Australian-born geophysicist living in Britain. He has been Professor of Theoretical Geophysics and Foundation Director, Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, at the University of Cambridge, s ...

, ''Carbon storage: caught between a rock and climate change'' *2010

Donal Bradley Donal Donat Conor Bradley is the Vice President for Research at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia. From 2015 until 2019, he was head of the Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division of the Univers ...

, ''Plastic electronics: their science and applications'' *2009 James Murray, ''Mathematics in the real world: From brain tumours to saving marriages''. *2008 Robin Clark, ''Raman microscopy, pigments and the arts/science interface'' *2007

Joseph Silk Joseph Ivor Silk FRS (born 3 December 1942) is a British-American astrophysicist. He was the Savilian Chair of Astronomy at the University of Oxford from 1999 to September 2011. He is an Emeritus Fellow of New College, Oxford and a Fellow ...

, ''The dark side of the Universe'' *2006

Athene Donald Dame Athene Margaret Donald (née Griffith; born 15 May 1953) is a British physicist. She is Professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Cambridge, and Master of Churchill College, Cambridge. Outside the University, she chaired the ...

, ''The mesoscopic world - from plastic bags to brain disease - structural similarities in physics'' *2005 John Pendry, ''Negative refraction, the perfect lens and metamaterials'' *2004

Michael Pepper Sir Michael Pepper (born 10 August 1942) is a British physicist notable for his work in semiconductor nanostructures. Early life Pepper was born on 10 August 1942 to Morris and Ruby Pepper. He was educated at St Marylebone Grammar School, a g ...

, ''Semiconductor nanostructures and new quantum effects'' *2003 Christopher Dobson, ''Protein folding and misfolding: from theory to therapy'' *2002

Arnold Wolfendale Sir Arnold Whittaker Wolfendale FRS (25 June 1927 – 21 December 2020)GRO Register of Births: SEP 1927 6d 1198a RUGBY – Arnold W. Wolfendale, mmn = Hoyle''The Times'', 30 December 2020, p49 (Subscription required) was a British astronomer who ...

, ''Cosmic rays: what are they and where do they come from?'' *2001 David Sherrington, ''Magnets, microchips, memories and markets: statistical physics of complex systems.''

20th century

*2000 Steve Sparks, ''How volcanoes work.'' *1999 Peter Day, ''The molecular chemistry of magnets and superconductors''. *1998 Richard Ellis, ''The morphological evolution of the galaxies.'' *1997

Steven Ley Steven Victor Ley (born 10 December 1945) is Professor of Organic Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, and is a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He was President of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2000� ...

, ''Sweet dreams: new strategies for oligosaccharide assembly''. *1996 A. Ian Scott, ''Genetically engineered synthesis of natural products.'' *1995 Anthony Kelly, ''Composites, towards intelligent materials design''. *1994 John Polanyi, ''Photochemistry in the adsorbed state, using light as a scalpel and a crystal as an operating table''. *1993

Hans Bethe Hans Albrecht Bethe (; July 2, 1906 – March 6, 2005) was a German-American theoretical physicist who made major contributions to nuclear physics, astrophysics, quantum electrodynamics, and solid-state physics, and who won the 1967 Nobel ...

, ''Mechanism of supernovae.'' *1992 Thomas Benjamin, ''The mystery of vortex breakdown.'' *1991

John Houghton John Houghton may refer to: Politicians * John Houghton (fl.1393), MP for Leicester (UK Parliament constituency) * John Houghton (died 1583) (before 1522–1583), MP for Stamford (UK Parliament constituency) * John Houghton (Manx politician) * J ...

, ''The predictability of weather and climate.'' *1990

John Meurig Thomas Sir John Meurig Thomas (15 December 193213 November 2020), also known as JMT, was a Welsh scientist, educator, university administrator, and historian of science primarily known for his work on heterogeneous catalysis, solid-state chemistry, ...

, ''New microcrystalline catalysts.'' *1989 Jack Lewis, ''Cluster compounds, a new aspect of inorganic chemistry.'' *1988

Walter Eric Spear Walter Eric Spear FRSE PhD FRS FInstP (20 January 1921 – 21 February 2008) was a German physicist noted for his pioneering work to help develop large area electronics and thin film displays. He was born in Frankfurt to a Jewish father and a ...

, ''Amorphous semiconductors, a new generation of electronic materials''. *1987 Michael Victor Berry, ''The semiclassical chaology of quantum eigenvalues''. *1986 Walter Heinrich Munk, ''Ships from space'' (paper) and ''Acoustic monitoring of ocean gyres'' (talk). *1985

Carlo Rubbia Carlo Rubbia (born 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN. Early life and educatio ...

, ''Unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces''. *1984 Alan Rushton Battersby, ''Biosynthesis of the pigments of life''. *1983

Alfred Edward Ringwood Alfred Edward "Ted" Ringwood FRS FAA (19 April 1930 – 12 November 1993) was an Australian experimental geophysicist and geochemist, and the 1988 recipient of the Wollaston Medal. The mineral ringwoodite is named after him. Early life and ...

, ''The Earth's core: its composition, formation and bearing upon the origin of the earth.'' *1982

Martin John Rees Martin John Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (born 23 June 1942) is a British cosmologist and astrophysicist. He is the fifteenth Astronomer Royal, ...

, ''Galaxies and their nuclei.'' *1981 Robert Joseph Paton Williams, ''Natural selection of the chemical elements''. *1980

Abdus Salam Mohammad Abdus Salam Salam adopted the forename "Mohammad" in 1974 in response to the anti-Ahmadiyya decrees in Pakistan, similarly he grew his beard. (; ; 29 January 192621 November 1996) was a Punjabis, Punjabi Pakistani theoretical physici ...

, ''Gauge unification of fundamental forces''. *1979 Michael Ellis Fisher, ''Multicritical points in magnets and fluids: a review of some novel states of matter. '' *1978 Robert Lewis Fullarton Boyd, ''Cosmic exploration by X-rays''. *1977

George Porter George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham (6 December 1920 – 31 August 2002) was a British chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967. Education and early life Porter was born in Stainforth, near Thorne, in the then West ...

, ''In vitro models for photosynthesis''. *1976 George Wallace Kenner, ''Towards synthesis of proteins''. *1975 Michael Francis Atiyah, ''Global geometry''. *1974 Desmond George King-Hele, ''A view of Earth and air''. *1973

Frederick Charles Frank Sir Frederick Charles Frank, OBE, FRS (6 March 1911 – 5 April 1998) was a British theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on crystal dislocations, including (with Thornton Read) the idea of the Frank–Read source of dislocatio ...

, ''Crystals imperfect''. *1972 Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, ''Insulin.'' *1971

Basil John Mason Sir Basil John Mason (18 August 1923 – 6 January 2015) was an expert on cloud physics and former Director-General of the Meteorological Office from 1965 to 1983 and Chancellor of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technolo ...

, ''The physics of the thunderstorm''. *1970 Derek Harold Richard Barton, ''Some approaches to the synthesis of tetracycline''. *1969 Richard Henry Dalitz, ''Particles and interactions: the problems of high-energy physics'' *1968

Fred Hoyle Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and was one of the authors of the influential B2FH paper. He also held controversial stances on other sci ...

, ''Review of recent developments in cosmology'' *1967 Edward Crisp Bullard, ''Reversals of the Earth's magnetic field'' *1966

Ronald George Wreyford Norrish Ronald George Wreyford Norrish FRS (9 November 1897 – 7 June 1978) was a British chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967. Education and early life Norrish was born in Cambridge and was educated at The Perse School and Emm ...

, ''The progress of photochemistry exemplified by reactions of the halogens'' *1965 Melvin Calvin, ''Chemical evolution'' *1964

Frederic Calland Williams Sir Frederic Calland Williams, (26 June 1911 – 11 August 1977), known as F.C. Williams or Freddie Williams, was an English engineer, a pioneer in radar and computer technology. Education Williams was born in Romiley, Stockport, and edu ...

, ''Inventive technology: the search for better electric machines'' *1963

Alan Howard Cottrell Sir Alan Howard Cottrell, FRS (17 July 1919 – 15 February 2012) was an English metallurgist and physicist. He was also former Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK Government and vice-chancellor of Cambridge University 1977–1979. Early ...

, ''Fracture'' *1962

John Desmond Bernal John Desmond Bernal (; 10 May 1901 – 15 September 1971) was an Irish scientist who pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography in molecular biology. He published extensively on the history of science. In addition, Bernal wrote popular book ...

, ''The structure of liquids'' *1961 Michael James Lighthill, ''Sound generated aerodynamically'' *1960 Gerhard Herzberg, The spectra and structures of free methyl and free methylene. *1959

Edmund Langley Hirst Sir Edmund Langley Hirst CBE FRS FRSE (21 July 1898 – 29 October 1975), was a British chemist. Life Hirst was born in Preston, Lancashire on 21 July 1898 the son of Elizabeth (née Langley) and Rev Sim Hirst (1856-1923) a Baptist minister. He ...

, ''Molecular structure in the polysaccharide group''. *1958

Martin Ryle Sir Martin Ryle (27 September 1918 – 14 October 1984) was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e.g. aperture synthesis) and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sourc ...

, ''The nature of the cosmic radio sources''. *1957

Cecil Frank Powell Cecil Frank Powell, FRS (5 December 1903 – 9 August 1969) was a British physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for heading the team that developed the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and for the resulting discovery of ...

, ''The elementary particles''. *1956 Harry Work Melville, ''Addition polymerization''. *1955 Marcus Laurence Elwin Oliphant, ''The acceleration of charged particles to very high energies.'' *1954 Alexander Robertus Todd, ''Chemistry of the nucleotides''. *1953

Nevill Francis Mott Sir Nevill Francis Mott (30 September 1905 – 8 August 1996) was a British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductor ...

,'' Dislocations, plastic flow and creep in metals''. *1952

Harold Jeffreys Sir Harold Jeffreys, FRS (22 April 1891 – 18 March 1989) was a British mathematician, statistician, geophysicist, and astronomer. His book, ''Theory of Probability'', which was first published in 1939, played an important role in the revival ...

, ''The origin of the solar system''. *1951 Eric Keightley Rideal, ''Reactions in monolayers''. *1950

Percy Williams Bridgman Percy Williams Bridgman (April 21, 1882 – August 20, 1961) was an American physicist who received the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures. He also wrote extensively on the scientific method and on other as ...

, ''Physics above 20 000 kg/cm2.'' *1949 , ''A region of biosynthesis''. *1948

George Paget Thomson Sir George Paget Thomson, FRS (; 3 May 189210 September 1975) was a British physicist and Nobel laureate in physics recognized for his discovery of the wave properties of the electron by electron diffraction. Education and early life Thomson ...

, ''Nuclear explosions''. *1947 Harry Ralph Ricardo, ''Some problems in connexion with the development of a high-speed diesel engine.'' *1946

Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (19 June 1897 – 9 October 1967) was a British physical chemist and expert in chemical kinetics. His work in reaction mechanisms earned the 1956 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Education Born in London, his parents we ...

, ''The more recent work on the hydrogen-oxygen reaction''. *1945 Gordon Miller Bourne Dobson, ''Meteorology of the lower stratosphere''. *1944

Walter Norman Haworth Sir Walter Norman Haworth FRS (19 March 1883 – 19 March 1950) was a British chemist best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid (vitamin C) while working at the University of Birmingham. He received the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemis ...

, ''The structure, function and synthesis of polysaccharides''. *1943 Richard Vynne Southwell, ''Relaxation methods: a mathematics for engineering sciences''. *1942

Albert Charles Chibnall Albert Charles Chibnall Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (28 January 1894 – 10 January 1988) was a British biochemist known for his work on the nitrogen metabolism of plants. Life and career Albert Charles Chibnall was born on 28 January 1894 ...

, ''Amino-acid analysis and the structure of proteins''. *1941 Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, ''The physical interpretation of quantum mechanics''. *1940 Nevil Vincent Sidgwick & , ''Stereochemical types and valency groups''. *1939

Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett (18 November 1897 – 13 July 1974) was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism, winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1948 ...

, ''Penetrating Cosmic Rays''. *1938

Christopher Kelk Ingold Sir Christopher Kelk Ingold (28 October 1893 – 8 December 1970) was a British chemist based in Leeds and London. His groundbreaking work in the 1920s and 1930s on reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds was resp ...

, ''The Structure of Benzene''. *1937

Edward Victor Appleton Sir Edward Victor Appleton (6 September 1892 – 21 April 1965) was an English physicist, Nobel Prize winner (1947) and pioneer in radiophysics. He studied, and was also employed as a lab technician, at Bradford College from 1909 to 1911. He ...

, ''Regularities and Irregularities in the Ionosphere''. *1936 Frederic Stanley Kipping, ''Organic Compounds of Silicon''. *1935

Ralph Howard Fowler Sir Ralph Howard Fowler (17 January 1889 – 28 July 1944) was a British physicist and astronomer. Education Fowler was born at Roydon, Essex, on 17 January 1889 to Howard Fowler, from Burnham, Somerset, and Frances Eva, daughter of George Dew ...

, ''The Anomalous Specific Heats of Crystals, with special reference to the Contribution of Molecular Rotations''. *1934

William Lawrence Bragg Sir William Lawrence Bragg, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structu ...

, ''The Structure of Alloys''. *1933

James Chadwick Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspi ...

, ''The Neutron''. *1932 William Arthur Bone, ''The Combustion of Hydrocarbons''. *1931 Sydney Chapman, ''Some Phenomena of the Upper Atmosphere''. *1930 Robert Robinson, ''The Molecular Structure of Strychnine and Brucine''. *1929

Edward Arthur Milne Edward Arthur Milne FRS (; 14 February 1896 – 21 September 1950) was a British astrophysicist and mathematician. Biography Milne was born in Hull, Yorkshire, England. He attended Hymers College and from there he won an open scholarship ...

, ''The Structure and Opacity of a Stellar Atmosphere''. *1928

John Cunningham McLennan Sir John Cunningham McLennan, (October 14, 1867 – October 9, 1935) was a Canadian physicist. Born in Ingersoll, Ontario, the son of David McLennan and Barbara Cunningham, he was the director of the physics laboratory at the University of ...

, ''The Aurora and its Spectrum''. *1927

Francis William Aston Francis William Aston FRS (1 September 1877 – 20 November 1945) was a British chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes in many non-radioactive elements a ...

, ''A New Mass-Spectrograph and the Whole Number Rule''. *1926

Arthur Stanley Eddington Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. He was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the lumi ...

, ''Diffuse Matter in Interstellar Space.'' *1925

William Bate Hardy Sir William Bate Hardy, FRS (6 April 1864 – 23 January 1934) was a British biologist and food scientist. The William Bate Hardy Prize is named in his honour. Life He was born in Erdington, a suburb of Birmingham, the son of William Hardy of ...

& ,'' Boundary Lubrication - Plane Surfaces and the Limitations of Amontons Law.'' *1924

Alfred Fowler Alfred Fowler, CBE FRS (22 March 1868, in Yorkshire – 24 June 1940) was an English astronomer. Early life and career He was born in Wilsden on the outskirts of Bradford, Yorkshire and educated at London's Normal School of Science, w ...

, ''The Spectra of Silicon at Successive Stages of Ionization''. *1923

Geoffrey Ingram Taylor Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor OM FRS FRSE (7 March 1886 – 27 June 1975) was a British physicist and mathematician, and a major figure in fluid dynamics and wave theory. His biographer and one-time student, George Batchelor, described him as ...

& Constance F. Elam, ''The Distortion of an Aluminium Crystal during a Tensile Test.'' *1922

Thomas Ralph Merton Sir Thomas Ralph Merton KBE, DSc, FRS (12 January 1888 – 10 October 1969) was an English physicist, inventor and art collector. He is particularly noted for his work on spectroscopy and diffraction gratings. Early life and education Born in ...

& , ''On the Spectrum of Hydrogen''. *1921 Thomas Martin Lowry & , ''Optical Rotatory Dispersion. Part II. Tartaric Acid and the Tartrates.'' *1920

Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' considers him to be the greatest ...

, ''Nuclear Constitution of Atoms''. *1919 Robert John Strutt, ''A Study of the Line Spectrum of Sodium as Excited by Fluorescence''. *1918

Charles Algernon Parsons Sir Charles Algernon Parsons, (13 June 1854 – 11 February 1931) was an Anglo-Irish engineer, best known for his invention of the compound steam turbine, and as the eponym of C. A. Parsons and Company. He worked as an engineer on d ...

, ''Experiments on the Artificial Production of Diamond.'' *1917

James Hopwood Jeans Sir James Hopwood Jeans (11 September 187716 September 1946) was an English physicist, astronomer and mathematician. Early life Born in Ormskirk, Lancashire, the son of William Tulloch Jeans, a parliamentary correspondent and author. Jeans ...

, ''The Configurations of Rotating Compressible Masses''. *1916

Charles Glover Barkla Charles Glover Barkla FRS FRSE (7 June 1877 – 23 October 1944) was a British physicist, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917 for his work in X-ray spectroscopy and related areas in the study of X-rays (Roentgen rays). Life ...

, ''X-rays and the Theory of Radiation.'' *1915

William Henry Bragg Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English physicist, chemist, mathematician, and active sportsman who uniquelyThis is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nob ...

, ''X-rays and Crystals''. *1914

, ''Series Lines in Spark Spectra''. *1913 Joseph John Thomson, ''Rays of Positive Electricity.'' *1912 Hugh Longbourne Callendar, ''On the Variation of the Specific Heat of Water, with Experiments by a new Method.'' *1911 Robert John Strutt, ''A Chemically-Active Modification of Nitrogen Produced by the Electric Discharge.'' *1910 John Henry Poynting & , ''The Pressure of Light against the Source: the Recoil from Light.'' *1909

Joseph Larmor Sir Joseph Larmor (11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish and British physicist and mathematician who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter. His most influen ...

, ''On the Statistical and Thermo-dynamical Relations of Radiant Energy.'' *1908 , ''The Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities of Solids.'' *1907

Thomas Edward Thorpe Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe CB, FRS HFRSE LLD (8 December 1845 – 23 February 1925) was a British chemist. From 1894 to 1909 he was Chief Chemist to the British Government, as Director of the Government Laboratory. Early life and education Tho ...

, ''The Atomic Weight of Radium.'' *1906

John Milne John Milne (30 December 1850 – 31 July 1913) was a British geologist and mining engineer who worked on a horizontal seismograph. Biography Milne was born in Liverpool, England, the only child of John Milne of Milnrow, and at first raised i ...

, ''Recent Advances in Seismology''. *1905 Horace Tabberer Brown, ''The Reception and Utilization of Energy by the Green Leaf''. *1904

, ''The Succession of Changes in Radio-active Bodies''. *1903 Charles Thomas Heycock & , ''On the Constitution of the Copper-tin Series of Alloys.'' *1902

Lord Rayleigh John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, (; 12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was an English mathematician and physicist who made extensive contributions to science. He spent all of his academic career at the University of Cambridge. A ...

,'' On the Law of the Pressure of Gases between 75 and 150 Millimetres of Mercury.'' *1901

James Dewar Sir James Dewar (20 September 1842 – 27 March 1923) was a British chemist and physicist. He is best known for his invention of the vacuum flask, which he used in conjunction with research into the liquefaction of gases. He also studied a ...

, ''The Nadir of Temperature and Allied Problems''. *1900 William Augustus Tilden, ''On the Specific Heat of Metals and the Relation of Specific Heat to Atomic Weight.''

19th century

*1899

James Alfred Ewing Sir James Alfred Ewing MInstitCE (27 March 1855 − 7 January 1935) was a Scottish physicist and engineer, best known for his work on the magnetic properties of metals and, in particular, for his discovery of, and coinage of the word, '' hy ...

Walter Rosenhain Dr. Walter Rosenhain ForMemRS (24 August 1875 – 17 March 1934) was a German-born Australian metallurgist. Early life Rosenhain was born on 24 August 1875 in Berlin, German Empire, the son of Moritz Rosenhain, a merchant, and his wife Friede ...

, ''The Crystalline Structure of Metals''. *1898

William James Russell William James Russell (1830–1909) was an English chemist and Fellow of the Royal Society. Life Born in Gloucester on 20 May 1830, he was son of Thomas Rougher Russell (1775–1851), a banker there, and grandson of William Russell of Birming ...

, ''Further Experiments on the Action exerted by certain Metals and other Bodies on a Photographic Plate''. *1897

Osborne Reynolds Osborne Reynolds (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. ...

& , ''On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat.'' *1896

William Chandler Roberts-Austen Sir William Chandler Roberts-Austen (3 March 1843, Kennington – 22 November 1902, London) was an English metallurgist noted for his research on the physical properties of metals and their alloys. The austenite class of iron alloys is named aft ...

, ''On the Diffusion of Metals''. *1895

Augustus George Vernon Harcourt Augustus George Vernon Harcourt FRS (24 December 1834 – 23 August 1919) was an English chemist who spent his career at Oxford University. He was one of the first scientists to do quantitative work in the field of chemical kinetics. His uncle, ...

William Esson William Esson, FRS (17 May 1838 – 28 August 1916) was a British mathematician. Early life He was born in Carnoustie, Scotland.Obituary notice, Fellow: Esson, William, ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 77, p.299''1917MN ...

, ''On the Laws of Connexion between the Conditions of a Chemical Change and its Amount. III. Further Researches on the Reaction of Hydrogen Dioxide and Hydrogen Iodide.'' *1894

& , ''On the Relations between the Viscosity of Liquids and their Chemical Nature''. *1893

Harold Baily Dixon Harold Baily Dixon (1852–1930) was a British chemist. He was also an amateur footballer who appeared for Oxford University in the 1873 FA Cup Final. Early life Born in Marylebone, London, England, he attended Westminster School from ...

, ''The rate of Explosion in Gases''. *1892 James Thomson, ''On the Grand Currents of Atmospheric Circulation''. *1891 George Howard Darwin, ''On Tidal Prediction''. *1890

Arthur Schuster Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster (12 September 1851 – 14 October 1934) was a German-born British physicist known for his work in spectroscopy, electrochemistry, optics, X-radiography and the application of harmonic analysis to physics. ...

, ''The Discharge of Electricity through Gases. Preliminary Communication''. *1889

Arthur William Rucker Sir Arthur William Rucker (or Rücker) (23 October 1848, Clapham Park, London, England – 1 November 1915, Yattendon, Berkshire) was a British physicist. Education and career Rucker gained his BA at Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1871, and w ...

, ''A magnetic Survey of the British isles for the Epoch January 1, 1886''. *1888 J. Norman Lockyer, ''Suggestions on the Classification of the various Species of Heavenly Bodies. A Report to the Solar Physics Committee''. *1887 Joseph John Thomson, ''On the Dissociation of some Gases by the Electric Discharge''. *1886 William de Wiveleslie Abney &

Edward Robert Festing Major-General Edward Robert Festing (10 August 1839 – 16 May 1912), English army officer, chemist, and first Director of the Science Museum in London.

, ''Colour Photometry''. *1885

William Huggins Sir William Huggins (7 February 1824 – 12 May 1910) was an English astronomer best known for his pioneering work in astronomical spectroscopy together with his wife, Margaret. Biography William Huggins was born at Cornhill, Middlesex, in ...

, ''On the Corona of the Sun''. *1884

, ''Experiments on the Discharge of Electricity through gases. Sketch of a Theory''. *1883

William Crookes Sir William Crookes (; 17 June 1832 – 4 April 1919) was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, now part of Imperial College London, and worked on spectroscopy. He was a pioneer of vacuum tubes, inventing t ...

,'' On Radiant Matter Spectroscopy: the Detection and wide Distribution of Yttrium''. *1882 Heinrich Debus,'' ''On the Chemical Theory of Gunpowder''. *1881

John Tyndall John Tyndall FRS (; 2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was a prominent 19th-century Irish physicist. His scientific fame arose in the 1850s from his study of diamagnetism. Later he made discoveries in the realms of infrared radiation and the ...

, ''Action of free Molecules on Radiant Heat, and its conversion thereby into sound''. *1880 William de Wiveleslie Abney, ''On the Photographic Method of Mapping the least refrangible end of the Solar Spectrum''. *1879

, ''On the Illumination of Lines of Molecular Pressure and the Trajectory of Molecules''. *1878

, ''On Repulsion resulting from Radiation. Part V''. *1877

William Crawford Williamson William Crawford Williamson (24 November 1816 – 23 June 1895) was an English Naturalist and Palaeobotanist. Early life Williamson was born at Scarborough, North Yorkshire, the son of John Williamson, and Elizabeth Crawford. His father, ...

, ''On the Organization of the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures''. *1876 Thomas Andrews, ''On the Gaseous State of Matter''. *1875

William Grylls Adams William Grylls Adams (18 February 1836 in Laneast, Cornwall – 10 April 1915) was professor of Natural Philosophy at King's College, London. He was active in research on subjects ranging from light, magnetism, and astronomy to electrical power ...

, ''On the Forms of Equipotential Curves and Surfaces and on Lines of Flow''. *1874 J. Norman Lockyer, ''Researches in Spectrum Analysis in connexion with the Spectrum of the Sun. Part III''. *1873

Earl of Rosse Earl of Rosse is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of Ireland, both times for the Parsons family. "Rosse" refers to New Ross in County Wexford. History The Parsons were originally an English family from Dishworth ( Disewor ...

, ''On the Radiation of Heat from the Moon, the Law of its Absorption by our Atmosphere, and its variation in Amount with her Phases''. *1872

William Kitchen Parker William Kitchen Parker FRS FRMS (23 June 1823 – 3 July 1890) was a British physician, zoologist and comparative anatomist. From a humble beginning he became Hunterian Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the College of Surgeons of Engla ...

, ''On the Structure and Development of the Skull of the Salmon''. *1871

Charles William Siemens Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens (4 April 1823 – 19 November 1883), anglicised to Charles William Siemens, was a German-British electrical engineer and businessman. Biography Siemens was born in the village of Lenthe, today part of Gehrden, near H ...

, ''On the Increase of Electrical Resistance in Conductors with Rise of Temperature, and its Application to the Measure of Ordinary and Furnace Temperatures.'' *1870

John William Dawson Sir John William Dawson (1820–1899) was a Canadian geologist and university administrator. Life and work John William Dawson was born on 13 October 1820 in Pictou, Nova Scotia, where he attended and graduated from Pictou Academy. Of Scotti ...

, ''On the Pre-Carboniferous Flora of North-Eastern America, and more especially on that of the Erian (Devonian) Period''. *1869 Thomas Andrews,'' The Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter''. *1868

Henry Enfield Roscoe Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe (7 January 1833 – 18 December 1915) was a British chemist. He is particularly noted for early work on vanadium, photochemical studies, and his assistance in creating Oxo (food), in its earlier liquid form. Life a ...

, ''Researches on Vanadium''. *1867

Frederick Augustus Abel Sir Frederick Augustus Abel, 1st Baronet (17 July 18276 September 1902) was an English chemist who was recognised as the leading British authority on explosives. He is best known for the invention of cordite as a replacement for gunpowder in f ...

, ''Researches on Gun-Cotton. (Second Memoir). On the Stability of Gun-Cotton''. *1866

James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematician and scientist responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and ligh ...

, ''On the Viscosity or Internal Friction of Air and other Gases''. *1865

, ''On a Method of Meteorological Registration of the Chemical Action of Total Daylight''. *1864

, ''Contributions to Molecular Physics: being the Fifth Memoir of Researches on Radiant Heat''. *1863

Henry Clifton Sorby Henry Clifton Sorby (10 May 1826 – 9 March 1908) was an English microscopist and geologist. His major contribution was the development of techniques for studying iron and steel with microscopes. This paved the way for the mass production of st ...

, ''On the Direct Correlation of Mechanical and Chemical Forces''. *1862 Warren De la Rue,'' On the Total Solar Eclipse of 18 July 1860, observed at Rivabellosa, near Miranda de Ebro in Spain''. *1861

, ''On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gases and Vapours, and on the Physical Connexion of radiation, Absorption and Conduction''. *1860

William Fairbairn Sir William Fairbairn, 1st Baronet of Ardwick (19 February 1789 – 18 August 1874) was a Scottish civil engineer, structural engineer and shipbuilder. In 1854 he succeeded George Stephenson and Robert Stephenson to become the third pre ...

, ''Experimental Researches to determine the Law of Superheated Steam''. *1859

Edward Frankland Sir Edward Frankland, (18 January 18259 August 1899) was an English chemist. He was one of the originators of organometallic chemistry and introduced the concept of combining power or valence. An expert in water quality and analysis, he was ...

, ''Researches on Organo-metallic Bodies. Fourth Memoir''. *1858 John Peter Gassiot, ''On the Stratifications and dark band in Electrical Discharges as observed in Torricellian Vacua''. *1857

Michael Faraday Michael Faraday (; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic inducti ...

, ''Experimental Relations of Gold (and other metals) to Light''. *1856 William Thomson, ''On the Electro-dynamic Qualities of Metals''. *1855

, ''On the Nature of the Force by which Bodies are repelled from the Poles of a Magnet; to which is prefixed an account of some experiments on Molecular Influences''. *1854 Thomas Graham, ''On Osmotic Force''. *1853

Edward Sabine Sir Edward Sabine ( ; 14 October 1788 – 26 June 1883) was an Irish astronomer, geophysicist, ornithologist, explorer, soldier and the 30th president of the Royal Society. He led the effort to establish a system of magnetic observatories in ...

, ''On the Influence of the Moon on the Magnetic Declination at Toronto, St Helena, and Hobarton''. *1852

Charles Wheatstone Sir Charles Wheatstone FRS FRSE DCL LLD (6 February 1802 – 19 October 1875), was an English scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for di ...

, ''Contributions to the Physiology of Vision. Part II. On some remarkable and hitherto unobserved Phenomena on Binocular Vision (continued)''. *1851

, ''Experimental Researches in Electricity. Twenty-Fourth Series''. *1850 Thomas Graham, ''On the Diffusion of Liquids''. *1849

, ''Experimental Researches in Electricity. Twenty-Second Series''. *1848 Revd

William Whewell William Whewell ( ; 24 May 17946 March 1866) was an English polymath, scientist, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science. He was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. In his time as a student there, he achieved ...

,'' Researches on the Tides. Thirteenth Series. On the Tides of the Pacific, and on the Diurnal Inequality''. *1847

William Robert Grove Sir William Robert Grove, FRS FRSE (11 July 1811 – 1 August 1896) was a Welsh judge and physical scientist. He anticipated the general theory of the conservation of energy, and was a pioneer of fuel cell technology. He invented the Grove volt ...

, ''On certain Phenomena of Voltaic Ignition and the Decomposition of Water into its constituent Gases by Heat''. *1846

James David Forbes James David Forbes (1809–1868) was a Scottish physicist and glaciologist who worked extensively on the conduction of heat and seismology. Forbes was a resident of Edinburgh for most of his life, educated at its University and a professor ...

, ''Illustrations of the Viscous Theory of Glacier Motion''. *1845 Charles Giles Bridle Daubeny, ''Memoir on the Rotation of Crops, and on the Quantity of Inorganic Matters abstracted from the Soil by various Plants under different circumstances''. *1844

Richard Owen Sir Richard Owen (20 July 1804 – 18 December 1892) was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and paleontologist. Owen is generally considered to have been an outstanding naturalist with a remarkable gift for interpreting fossils. Ow ...

, ''A Description of certain Belemnites, preserved, with a great proportion of their soft parts, in the Oxford Clay, at Christian-Malford, Wilts''. *1843

, ''An Account of several new Instruments and Processes for determining the Constants of a Voltaic Circuit''. *1842

, ''On the Transparency of the Atmosphere and the Law of Extinction of the Solar Rays in passing through it''. *1841

George Newport George Newport FRS (4 February 1803, Canterbury – 7 April 1854, London) was a prominent English entomologist. He is especially noted for his studies utilizing the microscope and his skills in dissection. Biography He was the first of four c ...

, ''On the Organs of Reproduction and the Development of the Myriapoda''. *1840

George Biddell Airy Sir George Biddell Airy (; 27 July 18012 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, and the seventh Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881. His many achievements include work on planetary orbits, measuring the mean density of the E ...

, ''On the Theoretical Explanation of an apparent new Polarity of Light''. *1839

William Snow Harris Sir William Snow Harris (1 April 1791 – 22 January 1867) was a British physician and electrical researcher, nicknamed Thunder-and-Lightning Harris, and noted for his invention of a successful system of lightning conductors for ships. It took ...

, ''Inquiries concerning the Elementary Laws of Electricity''. *1838

James Ivory James Francis Ivory (born June 7, 1928) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. For many years, he worked extensively with Indian-born film producer Ismail Merchant, his domestic as well as professional partner, and with scree ...

, ''On the Theory of the Astronomical Refractions''. *1837 William Henry Fox Talbot, ''Further Observations on the Optical Phenomena of Crystals''. *1836 John William Lubbock, ''On the Tides of the Port of London''. *1835

Charles Lyell Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining the earth's history. He is best known as the author of ''Principles of Geolo ...

, ''On the Proofs of a gradual Rising of the Land in certain parts of Sweden''. *1834 Not appointed *1833

Samuel Hunter Christie Samuel Hunter Christie FRS (22 March 1784 – 24 January 1865) was a British physicist and mathematician. Life He studied mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he won the Smith's Prize and was second wrangler. He was particularly i ...

, ''Experimental Determination of the Laws of Magneto-Electric Induction in different masses of the same metal, and its intensity in different metals''. *1832

, ''Experimental Researches in Electricity; Second Series''. *1831 No record of lecture *1830 No record of lecture *1829

, ''On the manufacture of Glass for Optical Purposes''. *1828

William Hyde Wollaston William Hyde Wollaston (; 6 August 1766 – 22 December 1828) was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering the chemical elements palladium and rhodium. He also developed a way to process platinum ore into malleable ingot ...

, ''On a Method of rendering Platina malleable''. *1827 George Pearson, ''Researches to discover the Faculties of Pulmonary Absorption with respect to Charcoal''. *1826

Humphry Davy Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor who invented the Davy lamp and a very early form of arc lamp. He is also remembered for isolating, by using electricity, several elements for ...

, ''On the Relations of Electrical and Chemical Changes''. *1825 No record of lecture *1824 No record of lecture *1823 John F.W. Herschel, ''On certain Motions produced in Fluid Conductors when transmitting the Electric Current''. *1822 No record of lecture *1821

, ''An Account of Experiments to determine the Amount of the Dip of the Magnetic Needle in London, in August 1821; with Remarks on the Instruments which are usually employed in such determination''. *1820 Henry Kater, ''On the best kind of Steel, and form, for a Compass Needle''. *1819

William Thomas Brande William Thomas Brande FRS FRSE (11 January 178811 February 1866) was an English chemist. Biography Brande was born in Arlington Street, London, England, the youngest son of six children to Augustus Everard Brande an apothecary, originally fr ...

, ''On the Composition and Analysis of the inflammable Gaseous Compounds resulting from the destructive Distillation of Coal and Oil; with some Remarks on their relative heating and illuminating power''. *1818 No record of lecture *1817 No record of lecture *1816 No record of lecture *1815 No record of lecture *1814 No record of lecture *1813

, ''On some new Electro-Chemical Phenomena''. *1812

, ''On the Elementary Particles of certain Crystals''. *1811

(?) *1810

, ''On some of the Combinations of Oxymuriatic Gas and Oxygen, and on the Chemical Relations of these Principles to Inflammable Bodies''. *1809

, ''On some new Electro-Chemical Researches, on various objects, particularly the Metallic Bodies from the Alkalies and Earths; and on some Combinations of Hydrogen''. *1808

, ''An Account of some new Analytical Researches on the Nature of certain Bodies, particularly the Alkalies, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Carbonaceous Matters, and the Acids hitherto undecompounded; with some general Observations on Chemical Theory''. *1807

, ''On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and the Exhibition of the new Substances, which constitute their Bases''. *1806

, ''On some Chemical Agencies of Electricity''. *1805

, ''On the Force of Percussion''. *1804

Samuel Vince Samuel Vince FRS (6 April 1749 – 28 November 1821) was an English clergyman, mathematician and astronomer at the University of Cambridge. Life He was born in Fressingfield. The son of a plasterer, Vince was admitted as a sizar to Caius Colle ...

, Observations on the Hypotheses which have been assumed to account for the cause of Gravitation from Mechanical Principles. *1803 Thomas Young, ''Experiments and Calculations relative to Physical Optics''. *1802

, ''Observations on the Quantity of Horizontal Refraction; with Method of measuring the Dip at Sea''. *1801 Thomas Young, ''On the Theory of Light and Colours''. *1800 Thomas Young, ''On the Mechanism of the Eye''.

18th century

*1799

(?) *1798

, ''Observations upon an unusual Horizontal Refraction of the Air; with Remarks on the Variations to which the lower Parts of the Atmosphere are sometimes subject.'' *1797

, ''Experiments upon the Resistance of Bodies moving in Fluids.'' *1796

(?) *1795

(?) *1794

, ''Observations on the Theory of the Motion and Resistance of Fluids; with a Description of the Construction of Experiments, in order to obtain some fundamental Principles''. *1793 George Fordyce, ''An Account of a New Pendulum''. *1792

Tiberius Cavallo Tiberius Cavallo (also Tiberio) (30 March 1749, Naples, Italy21 December 1809, London, England) was an Italian physicist and natural philosopher. His interests included electricity, the development of scientific instruments, the nature of " ai ...

, ''An Account of the Discoveries concerning Muscular Motion, which have been lately made, and are commonly known by the name of Animal Electricity.'' *1791

, ''On the Method of Measuring Distances by means of Telescopes furnished with Micrometers''. *1790

, ''A Description of a new Pyrometer''. *1789

, ''Magnetical Experiments and Observations.'' *1788

, ''On an Improvement in the Blow Pipe''. *1787

, ''Of the Methods of manifesting the Presence, and ascertaining the Quality, of small Quantities of Natural or Artificial Electricity.'' *1786

, ''Magnetical Experiments and Observations''. *1785

, ''Magnetical Experiments and Observations.'' *1784

, ''An Account of some Experiments made with the new improved Air Pump.'' *1783

, ''Description of an improved Air Pump.'' *1782

, ''An Account of some Experiments relating to the Property of Common and Inflammable Airs of pervading the Pores of Paper''. *1781

, ''An Account of some Thermometrical Experiments.'' *1780

, ''Thermometrical Experiments and Observations.'' *1779 John Ingen-Housz, Improvements in Electricity. *1778 John Ingen-Housz, ''Electrical Experiments to explain how far the Phenomena of the Electrophorus may be accounted for by Dr Franklins Theory of Positive and Negative Electricity.'' *1777

Peter Woulfe Peter Woulfe (1727–1803) was an Anglo-Irish chemist and mineralogist. He first had the idea that wolframite might contain a previously undiscovered element (tungsten). In 1771, Woulfe reported the formation of a yellow dye when indigo was tre ...

*1776

*1775

, ''Experiments made in order to ascertain the nature of some Mineral Substances, and in particular to see how far the Acids of Sea-Salt and of Vitriol contribute to Mineralize Metallic and other Substances.''

References

External links

Bakerian Lecture page at official Royal Society website
{{RoySoc Awards of the Royal Society Royal Society lecture series Technology history of the United Kingdom