History
First leg (1987)
Following business negations (made by family friend and one time rival Jimmy Osmond of the Osmonds) a deal was made that allowed sponsorships from Nippon TV, Nippon and Pepsi. It was then announced on June 29, 1987, by Jackson's manager Frank DiLeo that Jackson would embark on his first solo world concert tour. The tour began in large stadiums in Japan, marking Jackson's first performances in the country since 1973 as part of the Jackson 5. The first nine scheduled concerts that began on September 12 sold out within hours, and five more were added due to high demand.Campbell 1993, p. 208. Over 600 journalists, cameramen and fans waited for Jackson's arrival to the country at Tokyo's Narita International Airport.Bad Tour Programme (1988), Far East Report His pet chimpanzee Bubbles (chimpanzee), Bubbles, who took a separate flight, was greeted by more than 300 people. A chartered Wide-body aircraft, jumbo jet was used to carry 22 truckloads of equipment, along with Jackson's entourage of 132 for the tour. The stage set used 700 lights, 100 speakers, 40 lasers, three mirrors, and two 24-by-18 foot screens. Performers wore 70 costumes, four of which were attached with optical fiber, fiber optic lights. While in Tokyo, Australian pop music critic Molly Meldrum, Ian "Molly" Meldrum conducted an exclusive interview with Jackson and DiLeo that was featured on ''60 Minutes'' in the United States and Australia. On September 18, Jackson was handed the Key to the city, Key to the Osaka Castle by Yasushi Oshima, the mayor of Osaka. He was accompanied by Bubbles, who was the first animal allowed inside the city's town hall. Jackson dedicated his Japanese concerts to Yoshiaki Hagiwara, a five-year-old boy who was kidnapped and murdered, and gave ¥1,614,701 (around $15,017) to the parents of Hagiwara. Attendance figures for the first 14 dates in Japan totaled a record-breaking 450,000. Crowds of 200,000 were what past performers could manage to draw for a single tour. Jackson performed five concerts in Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane in Australia in November. While off stage, he spent time visiting sick children at their homes in the Sydney suburbs.Second leg (1988–1989)
Rehearsals for the tour's 1988 leg took place at the Pensacola Civic Center in Pensacola, Florida from January 22 to February 18, 1988. Vincent Paterson, who had worked with Jackson on several videos, was brought in to choreograph and co-direct the tour with Michael. On the last day of preparation, Jackson allowed 420 school pupils to watch him perform a full dress rehearsal after the children made him a rap music video in his honor. The first performances were to begin in Atlanta, yet Pepsi officials objected as the city was home to rival drinks company Coca-Cola.Campbell 1993, p. 212. For both Atlanta shows, Jackson gave 100 tickets to the Children's Wish Foundation for terminally ill children.Campbell 1993, p. 213. The first of three concerts at Madison Square Garden in New York City in March served as a benefit to raise $500,000 to the United Negro College Fund. Jackson presented a check of $600,000 to the fund.Campbell 1993, p. 189. On March 2, 1988, Jackson performed at the 30th Annual Grammy Awards, receiving an enormous standing ovation after performing "The Way You Make Me Feel" and "Man in the Mirror". Jackson's album, ''Bad'' was also nominated for Grammy Award for Album of the Year, Album of the Year at the ceremony. Jackson began his European tour in Rome at the Stadio Flaminio, Flaminio Stadium on May 23, 1988. Police and security guards rescued hundreds of fans from being crushed in the crowd of 35,000. Police reported 130 women fainted at the concert in Vienna on June 2. On June 17, Jackson traveled to the town of Vevey to meet Oona O'Neill, the widow of comic actor Charlie Chaplin. "I have fulfilled my biggest childhood dream", said Jackson after the visit. The most successful of the European dates were those in London at Wembley Stadium (1923), Wembley Stadium. Ticket demand for the five July dates exceeded 1.5 million, enough to fill the 72,000 capacity venue 20 times.Campbell 1993, p. 216. Jackson performed seven sold-out shows, beating the previous record held by Madonna (entertainer), Madonna, Bruce Springsteen and Genesis (band), Genesis. More shows could have been added, but the venue had reached its quota for live performances. The third concert on Live at Wembley July 16, 1988, July 16 was attended by Diana, Princess of Wales and Prince Charles.Campbell 1993, p. 217. On September 8, Jackson was entered into the ''Guinness World Records'', the first of three times from the tour alone. The Wembley shows were attended by a record 504,000 people. Management also presented him with a special award.Halstead 2003, p. 80. On July 30, NBC aired ''Michael Jackson Around the World'', a 90-minute special documenting the singer on tour. On August 29, after a birthday performance in Leeds, Jackson donated $130,000 to Give For Life. The final European show was held in Liverpool on September 11, staged at Aintree Racecourse. 1,550 fans were reported injured among the crowd of 125,000. Between September 1988 and January 1989, Jackson toured the United States for the second time. This would be the last time he toured his native country, aside from two shows in Hawaii during the HIStory Tour and a handful of one-off appearances in 2001 and 2002. On October 23, 1988, he donated $125,000, the net proceeds of the first show in Auburn Hills, to the city's Motown Museum. The American tour alone grossed a total of , the sixth largest of the year. The tour was planned to end in Tokyo, but Jackson suffered from swollen vocal cords after the first of six concerts in Los Angeles in November. The remaining five were rescheduled for January 1989. Due to this rescheduling, Greg Phillinganes had to disembark from the tour in early January, having already made commitments to tour with Eric Clapton. Studio musician John Barnes would be hired to take Phillinganes' place during these shows. During the December 9 or 11 show in Tokyo, nine-year-old Ayana Takada was selected to receive a certificate by Jackson to commemorate the four millionth person to attend the tour. Five performances in Los Angeles were held to conclude the tour on January 27, 1989. In 16 months, Jackson performed 132 concerts in 15 countries to an audience of 4.5 million for a total gross of .Campbell 1993, p. 236. The American tour alone grossed a total of , the sixth largest of the year. ''Guinness World Records'' recognized the tour as the largest grossing in history and the tour to play to the most people ever. In April 1989, the tour was nominated for "Tour of the Year 1988" at the inaugural International Rock Awards. It lost to Amnesty International.Halstead 2003, p. 85.Concert film and other recordings
A live album and DVD of the July 16, 1988, concert in London titled ''Live at Wembley July 16, 1988'' was released along with the special edition reissue of the ''Bad (album), Bad'' album titled ''Bad 25'' on September 18, 2012, as well as a stand-alone DVD. Video of the September 26, 1987, Concert in Yokohama, Japan, was broadcast on Nippon Television Network System, Nippon Television and is available on YouTube. A number of amateur-shot concerts and short Snippet, snippets were leaked on YouTube a few years later. Half-show footage of Rome (May 23, 1988) and Brisbane (November 28, 1987), and a high-quality 30-minute segment of live footage of Tokyo (December 9, 1988), as well as full low-quality leaks of Tokyo (September 12 & 13, 1987) and Osaka (October 10, 1987) are also available online. Audio recordings of the final Los Angeles (January 27, 1989) concert have been crowdfunded and released on YouTube. Audio recordings from the rehearsal at Pensacola, Florida, Pensacola, Florida (February 18, 1988) have also been released as well. Atlanta (April 13, 1988), Auburn Hills, Michigan, Auburn Hills (October 24, 1988) have been leaked.Opening acts
* Kim Wilde (Europe) * Taylor Dayne (Europe - August 5–23, 1988)Setlist
Tour dates
Cancelled dates
Known rehearsal dates
Personnel
;Lead vocals * Michael Jackson (lead vocals, co-director, dancer and co-choreographer) ;Creative directors * Michael Jackson (lead vocals, co-director, dancer and co-choreographer) * Jaun C. Marin (assistant director) * Vincent Paterson (co-director, choreographer) * Tom McPhillips (set designer) * Allen Branton (lighting designer) ;Production * Frank DiLeo (personal management) * Sal Bonafede (tour coordinator) * John Draper (tour manager) * Benny Collins (production manager) * Nelson Hayes (production coordinator) * Rob Henry (production coordinator) * Gerry Bakalian (stage manager) * Tait Towers, Inc. (set construction) * Clair Bros. (sound) * Kevin Elison (house sound engineer) * Rick Coberly (monitor engineer) * Ziffren, Brittenham and Branca (attorneys) * Gelfand, Rennert and Feldman (business management) * Solters/Roskin, Friedman Inc.(public relations) * Bob Jones (VP of communications, MJJ) * Glen Brunman (media relations, Epic Records) * Michael Mitchell (tour publicist, MJJ) * Gretta Walsh Of Revel Travel (travel agent) * Patrick "Bubba" Morrow (nocturne video) * Mo Morrison (production team) ;Dancers * Randy Allaire * Evaldo Garcia * Dominic Lucero * LaVelle Smith Jr. * Tatiana Thumbzten (Kansas City and 1st New York City shows) * Keith "DJ Proper" Jordan (child dancer, Los Angeles shows) ;Band * Greg Phillinganes (main keyboards, synthesizers, musical director) * Rory Kaplan (auxiliary keyboards, synthesizers) * Christopher Currell (synclavier synthesizers, digital guitar, sound effects) * Ricky Lawson (drums, percussion) * Jennifer Batten (rhythm and lead guitar) * Jon Clark (lead and rhythm guitar) * Don Boyette (bass guitar, synth bass) * John Barnes (lead keyboards, synthesizers) (1989 Los Angeles concerts only) ;Background vocals * Darryl Phinnessee (vocal music director) * Dorian Holley * Sheryl Crow * Kevin Dorsey ;Stylists and assistant * Karen Faye (Hair & Make-up) * Tommy Simms (Stylist) * Bill Frank Whitten, Dennis Tompkins & Michael Bush (Costume Designers) * Jolie Levine (Michael's Personal Assistant) * Meredith Besser (Assistant) ;Sponsors * Pepsi * Nippon Television (Japan only)See also
* List of highest-grossing concert toursNotes
References
Citations
Sources
* * {{Michael Jackson Michael Jackson concert tours 1987 concert tours 1988 concert tours 1989 concert tours Concert tours of North America Concert tours of the United States Concert tours of Europe Concert tours of the United Kingdom Concert tours of France Concert tours of Germany Concert tours of Ireland Concert tours of Oceania Concert tours of Australia Concert tours of Asia Concert tours of Japan