Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE), more popularly known as baboon syndrome because of its resemblance to the distinctive red

buttocks The buttocks (singular: buttock) are two rounded portions of the exterior anatomy of most mammals, located on the posterior of the pelvic region. In humans, the buttocks are located between the lower back and the perineum. They are composed ...

displayed by female baboons, is a systemic

contact dermatitis Contact dermatitis is a type of acute or chronic inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to chemical or physical agents. Symptoms of contact dermatitis can include itchy or dry skin, a red rash, bumps, blisters, or swelling. These rashes are ...

characterized by well-demarcated patches of

erythema Erythema (from the Greek , meaning red) is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not asso ...

distributed symmetrically on the buttocks. The cause of the syndrome may be drug-related, i.e. induced by systemic administration of hydroxyzine penicillin, iodinated radio contrast media and others.

Symptoms and signs

The typical rash commonly appears on buttocks. This then resembles the colour of a baboon's

. Other areas like upper inner thigh and

armpits The axilla (also, armpit, underarm or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the shoulder joint. It includes the axillary space, an anatomical space within the shoulder girdle between the arm and the thoracic cage, bounded superio ...

, may be affected by the rash. The rashes are red and well-defined. The presentation is typically symmetrical and not associated with systemic symptoms.

Cause

Diagnosis

Treatment

Treatment of symmetrical drug related intertriginous and flexural exanthema involves identifying and stopping the causative agent. Topical steroids can help to reduce the redness.

Epidemiology

Baboon syndrome affects both sexes equally, and can occur at any age, but seems to be more common in childhood than in adulthood.

References