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Michael Babatunde Olatunji (April 7, 1927 – April 6, 2003) was a Nigerian drummer, educator,

social activist Activism (or Advocacy) consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in Social change, social, Political campaign, political, economic or Natural environment, environmental reform with the desire to make Social change, changes i ...

, and

recording artist A musician is a person who composes, conducts, or performs music. According to the United States Employment Service, "musician" is a general term used to designate one who follows music as a profession. Musicians include songwriters who w ...

Early life

Olatunji was born in the village of Ajido, near

Badagry Badagry (traditionally Gbagli) also spelled Badagri, is a coastal town and Local Government Area (LGA) in Lagos State, Nigeria. It is quite close to the city of Lagos, and located on the north bank of Porto Novo Creek, an inland waterway that con ...

Lagos State Lagos State ( yo, Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó) is a state in southwestern Nigeria. Of the 36 states, it is both the most populous and smallest in area. Bounded to the south by the Bight of Benin and to the west by the international border with Ben ...

, in southwestern

Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...

. A member of the

Ogu people The Gun people, also rendered Ogũ, Ogun and Egun, are an ethnic group located majorly in Lagos and Ogun State in southwestern Nigeria, and Ouémé Department in the southeast of the Republic of Benin, who speak the Gun language. The Ogu accoun ...

, Olatunji was introduced to traditional African music at an early age. His name, Bàbátúndé, means 'father has returned', because he was born two months after his father, an Ogu (

Egun The Gun people, also rendered Ogũ, Ogun and Egun, are an ethnic group located majorly in Lagos and Ogun State in southwestern Nigeria, and Ouémé Department in the southeast of the Republic of Benin, who speak the Gun language. The Ogu accoun ...

) man, Zannu died, and Olatunji was considered to be a

reincarnation Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new life in a different physical form or body after biological death. Resurrection is ...

. His father was a local fisherman who was about to rise to the rank of

chieftain A tribal chief or chieftain is the leader of a tribal society or chiefdom. Tribe The concept of tribe is a broadly applied concept, based on tribal concepts of societies of western Afroeurasia. Tribal societies are sometimes categorized a ...

, and his mother was a potter who was a member of the

. Olatunji grew up speaking the

Gun A gun is a ranged weapon designed to use a shooting tube (gun barrel) to launch projectiles. The projectiles are typically solid, but can also be pressurized liquid (e.g. in water guns/cannons, spray guns for painting or pressure washing, p ...

(Ogu/Egun) and

Yoruba language Yoruba (, ; Yor. '; Ajami: ) is a language spoken in West Africa, primarily in Southwestern and Central Nigeria. It is spoken by the ethnic Yoruba people. The number of Yoruba speakers is roughly 50 million, plus about 2 million second-languag ...

s. His maternal grandmother and a great-grandmother were priestesses of the

Vodun Vodun (meaning ''spirit'' in the Fon, Gun and Ewe languages, with a nasal high-tone ''u''; also spelled Vodon, Vodoun, Vodou, Vudu, Voudou, Voodoo, etc.) is a religion practiced by the Aja, Ewe, and Fon peoples of Benin, Togo, Ghana, and ...

and Ogu religions, and they worshipped the Vodun, such as Kori, the goddess of fertility. Because of his father's premature death, from an early age he was groomed to take the position as chief. When he was 12, he realized that he did not want to become a chieftain. He read in ''

Reader's Digest ''Reader's Digest'' is an American general-interest family magazine, published ten times a year. Formerly based in Chappaqua, New York, it is now headquartered in midtown Manhattan. The magazine was founded in 1922 by DeWitt Wallace and his wif ...

'' magazine about the Rotary International Foundation's scholarship program, and applied for it. His application was successful and he went to the United States of America in 1950.

Education

Olatunji received a Rotary scholarship in 1950 and was educated at Morehouse College in

Atlanta, Georgia Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,7 ...

, where he desired to, but never sang in the

Morehouse College Glee Club The Morehouse College Glee Club, founded in 1911, is the official choral group of Morehouse College. The Glee Club has a long tradition of many notable public appearances, having performed at Martin Luther King Jr.'s funeral, President Jimmy Carter ...

. Olatunji was a good friend of Glee Club director Dr. Wendell P. Whalum and collaborated with him on a staple of the choir's repertoire, "Betelehemu", a Nigerian Christmas carol. After graduating from Morehouse, he went on to

New York University New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded by a group of New Yorkers led by then- Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin. In 1832, th ...

to study public administration. There, he started a small percussion group to earn money on the side while he continued his studies.

Career

After hearing Olatunji perform with the 66 piece Radio City Music Hall orchestra Columbia Records signed Olatunji to the Columbia label in 1957. Two years later he released his first of six records on the Columbia label, called ''

Drums of Passion ''Drums of Passion'' is an album produced by Babatunde Olatunji, a percussionist from Nigeria, in 1960. It was the first recording to popularize African music in the West, becoming immensely successful and selling over five million copies. In 200 ...

''. ''Drums of Passion'' became a major hit and remains in print; it introduced many Americans to world music. Drums of Passion also served as the band's name. Olatunji won a following among

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...

musicians, notably creating a strong relationship with

John Coltrane John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music. Born and raise ...

, with whose help he founded the Olatunji Center for African Culture in

Harlem Harlem is a neighborhood in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It is bounded roughly by the Hudson River on the west; the Harlem River and 155th Street on the north; Fifth Avenue on the east; and Central Park North on the south. The greater Ha ...

. This was the site of Coltrane's final recorded performance. Coltrane wrote the composition "Tunji" on the 1962 album '' Coltrane'' in dedication to him. Olatunji recorded with many other prominent musicians (often credited as "Michael Olatunji"), including Cannonball Adderley (on his 1961 '' African Waltz'' album),

Horace Silver Horace Ward Martin Tavares Silver (September 2, 1928 – June 18, 2014) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger, particularly in the hard bop style that he helped pioneer in the 1950s. After playing tenor saxophone and piano at sc ...

Quincy Jones Quincy Delight Jones Jr. (born March 14, 1933) is an American record producer, musician, songwriter, composer, arranger, and film and television producer. His career spans 70 years in the entertainment industry with a record of 80 Grammy Award n ...

Pee Wee Ellis Alfred James Ellis (April 21, 1941 – September 23, 2021), known as Pee Wee Ellis due to his diminutive stature, was an American saxophonist, composer, and arranger. With a background in jazz, he was a member of James Brown's band in the 19 ...

, Stevie Wonder,

Randy Weston Randolph Edward "Randy" Weston (April 6, 1926 – September 1, 2018) was an American jazz pianist and composer whose creativity was inspired by his ancestral African connection. Weston's piano style owed much to Duke Ellington and Thelonious ...

, and with

Max Roach Maxwell Lemuel Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was an American jazz drummer and composer. A pioneer of bebop, he worked in many other styles of music, and is generally considered one of the most important drummers in history. He work ...

and

Abbey Lincoln Anna Marie Wooldridge (August 6, 1930 – August 14, 2010), known professionally as Abbey Lincoln, was an American jazz vocalist, songwriter, and actress. She was a civil rights activist beginning in the 1960s. Lincoln made a career out of deli ...

on the pivotal ''Freedom Now Suite'' aka ''

We Insist! ''We Insist!'' (subtitled ''Max Roach's Freedom Now Suite'') is a jazz album released on Candid Records in 1961. It contains a suite which composer and drummer Max Roach and lyricist Oscar Brown had begun to develop in 1959 with a view to its perf ...

'', and with Grateful Dead member Mickey Hart on his Grammy winning ''Planet Drum'' projects. He is also mentioned in the lyrics of

Bob Dylan Bob Dylan (legally Robert Dylan, born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter. Often regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time, Dylan has been a major figure in popular culture during a career sp ...

's "

I Shall Be Free "I Shall Be Free" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. It was recorded on 6 December 1962 at Studio A, Columbia Recording Studios, New York, produced by John Hammond. The song was released as the closing track on ''The Freewheelin ...

," recorded for the album ''

The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan ''The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan'' is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on May 27, 1963 by Columbia Records. Whereas his self-titled debut album ''Bob Dylan'' had contained only two original songs, this album ...

''. He appeared in the second season episode "Olatunji – An African in New York" of the CBC television show Quest broadcast May 6, 1962, a series which also starred Bob Dylan in an episode from March 10, 1964. In 1969, Carlos Santana had a major hit with his cover version of "

Jin-go-lo-ba "Jin-go-lo-ba" (or "Jingo") is a song by Nigerian percussionist Babatunde Olatunji, featured on his first album ''Drums of Passion'' (1959). In Yoruba (Olatunji's native language) it means, "Do not worry." The song featured "African-derived r ...

" from Olatunji's first album, which Santana recorded on his debut album, ''

Santana Santana may refer to: Transportation * Volkswagen Santana, an automobile * Santana Cycles, manufacturer of tandem bicycles * Santana Motors, a former Spanish automobile manufacturer Boats * Santana 20, an American sailboat design by W. D. Sch ...

'', as "Jingo". Olatunji's subsequent recordings include ''Drums of Passion: The Invocation'' (1988), ''Drums of Passion: The Beat'' (1989) (which included Airto Moreira and Carlos Santana), ''Love Drum Talk'' (1997), ''Circle of Drums'' (2005; originally titled ''Cosmic Rhythm Vibrations'', with

Muruga Booker Steven Bookvich known as Muruga Booker (born December 27, 1942) is an American drummer, composer, inventor, artist, recording artist, and an autonomous Eastern Orthodox priest. Biography Booker was born in Detroit, Michigan, on December 27, ...

and

Sikiru Adepoju Sikiru Adepoju (born 10 November 1950) is a Nigerian percussionist and recording artist, primarily in the genres of traditional African music and world music. He plays a variety of instruments and styles. Background A master of the talking d ...

), and ''Olatunji Live at Starwood'' (2003 – recorded at the 1997 Starwood Festival with guest

Halim El-Dabh Halim Abdul Messieh El-Dabh ( ar, حليم عبد المسيح الضبع, ''Ḥalīm ʻAbd al-Masīḥ al-Ḍab''ʻ; March 4, 1921 – September 2, 2017) was an Egyptian-American composer, musician, ethnomusicologist, and educator, who had ...

. He also contributed to ''Peace Is the World Smiling: A Peace Anthology for Families'' on the Music for Little People label (1993).

Film and theatre

Olatunji composed music for the

Broadway Broadway may refer to: Theatre * Broadway Theatre (disambiguation) * Broadway theatre, theatrical productions in professional theatres near Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, U.S. ** Broadway (Manhattan), the street **Broadway Theatre (53rd Stree ...

theatrical and the 1961 Hollywood film productions of ''

Raisin in the Sun ''A Raisin in the Sun'' is a play by Lorraine Hansberry that debuted on Broadway in 1959. The title comes from the poem "Harlem" (also known as "A Dream Deferred") by Langston Hughes. The story tells of a black family's experiences in south Chic ...

''. He assisted Bill Lee with the music for his son

Spike Lee Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee (born March 20, 1957) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. His production company, 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, has produced more than 35 films since 1983. He made his directorial debut ...

's hit film ''

She's Gotta Have It ''She's Gotta Have It'' is a 1986 American black-and-white comedy-drama film written, produced, edited and directed by Spike Lee. Filmed on a small budget and Lee's first feature-length film to be released, it earned positive reviews and lau ...

''.

Activism

Olatunji was known for making an impassioned speech for social justice before performing in front of a live audience. His progressive political beliefs are outlined in ''The Beat of My Drum: An Autobiography'', with a foreword by

Joan Baez Joan Chandos Baez (; born January 9, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and activist. Her contemporary folk music often includes songs of protest and social justice. Baez has performed publicly for over 60 years, releasing more ...

, (

Temple University Temple University (Temple or TU) is a public state-related research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1884 by the Baptist minister Russell Conwell and his congregation Grace Baptist Church of Philadelphia then calle ...

Press, 2005). He toured the American south with Rev.

Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist, one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968 ...

and joined King in the

march on Washington The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, also known as simply the March on Washington or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic righ ...

. When he performed before the United Nations General Assembly, Soviet Premier

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...

took off his shoes and danced. Later, he was one of the first outside performers to perform in

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 milli ...

Václav Havel Václav Havel (; 5 October 193618 December 2011) was a Czech statesman, author, poet, playwright, and former dissident. Havel served as the last president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 and then ...

's request. On July 21, 1979, he appeared at the Amandla Festival along with

Bob Marley Robert Nesta Marley (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981; baptised in 1980 as Berhane Selassie) was a Jamaican singer, musician, and songwriter. Considered one of the pioneers of reggae, his musical career was marked by fusing elements o ...

Dick Gregory Richard Claxton Gregory (October 12, 1932 – August 19, 2017) was an American comedian, civil rights leader, business owner and entrepreneur, and vegetarian activist. His writings were best sellers. Gregory became popular among the Afric ...

, Patti LaBelle and

Eddie Palmieri Eddie Palmieri (born December 15, 1936) is an American Grammy Award-winning pianist, bandleader, musician, and composer of Puerto Rican ancestry. He is the founder of the bands La Perfecta, La Perfecta II, and Harlem River Drive. Early life Pal ...

, amongst others.

Teaching career

Olatunji was a music educator, and invented a method of teaching and recording drum patterns which he called the "Gun-Dun, Go-Do, Pa-Ta" method after the different sounds made on the drum. He taught drum and dance workshops year-round starting in the late 1950s. Over the years he presented workshops nationally and internationally at colleges, universities, civic, cultural, and governmental organizations. He co-wrote ''Musical Instruments of Africa: Their Nature, Use and Place in the Life of a Deeply Musical People'' with Betty Warner-Dietz (John Day Company, 1965). He taught a summer drumming and African dance course with his wife, at the

Omega Institute Omega Institute for Holistic Studies is a non-profit educational retreat center located in Rhinebeck, New York. Founded in 1977 by Elizabeth Lesser and Stephan Rechtschaffen, inspired by Sufi mystic, Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan and his ecu ...

in Rhinebeck, New York for many summers during Family week. He also taught at the

Esalen Institute The Esalen Institute, commonly called Esalen, is a non-profit American retreat center and intentional community in Big Sur, California, which focuses on humanistic alternative education. The institute played a key role in the Human Poten ...

in California beginning in 1985.

Later life and death

In early 2000, Olatunji purchased a home in Washington, D.C. where he lived for a short time, along with his roommate, Professor Akinsola Akiwowo. There he was assisted by Jaqui MacMillan and Chris Stewart, before he sold the house and moved to California. For the few years before his death Olatunji made his home at the wild Big Sur coastline. He became a scholar-in-residence at the

. During this time, he already suffered severely from

diabetes Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level ( hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased ...

and was assisted by Nora Arjuna, Leo Thompson, Jamie "Joriahna" Lee, and Leon Ryan until shortly before his death from

in Salinas, California in 2003, one day before his 76th birthday. He was survived by his wife Amy, 3 children: Omotola Olatunji, Folashade Olatunji Olusekun, and Modupe Olatunji, 7 grandchildren, and a cousin, Akinsola Akiwowo.

Awards

* Olatunji was part of Mickey Hart's Planet Drum projects, including the album ''Planet Drum'', which won the

Grammy Award The Grammy Awards (stylized as GRAMMY), or simply known as the Grammys, are awards presented by the Recording Academy of the United States to recognize "outstanding" achievements in the music industry. They are regarded by many as the most pr ...

for Best World Music Album of 1991, the first year for which the award was given. * He was an inductee into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 2001. Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame website

Discography

Albums

* ''

'' ( Columbia, 1959) * ''Zungo!'' (Columbia, 1961) * ''Flaming Drums'' (Columbia, 1962) * ''High Life!'' (Columbia, 1963) * ''Drums!, Drums!, Drums!'' ( Roulette, 1964) * ''Soul Makossa'' (

Paramount Paramount (from the word ''paramount'' meaning "above all others") may refer to: Entertainment and music companies * Paramount Global, also known simply as Paramount, an American mass media company formerly known as ViacomCBS. The following busin ...

, 1973) * ''Dance to the Beat of My Drum'' ( Bellaphon, 1986) * ''Drums of Passion: The Invocation'' (

Rykodisc Rykodisc is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, operating as a unit of WMG's Independent Label Group and is distributed through Alternative Distribution Alliance. History Claiming to be the first CD-only independent record la ...

, 1988) * ''Drums of Passion: The Beat'' (Rykodisc, 1989) * ''Drums of Passion: Celebrate Freedom, Justice & Peace'' (Olatunji, 1993) * ''Drums of Passion and More'' ( Bear Family, 1994) * ''Babatunde Olatunji, Healing Rhythms, Songs and Chants'' (Olatunji, 1995) * ''Love Drum Talk'' (1997, Chesky) * ''Drums of Passion'' xpanded(2002) * ''Olatunji Live at Starwood'' (2003) Recorded Live at the Starwood Festival 1997 * ''Healing Session'' (2003,

Narada Narada ( sa, नारद, ), or Narada Muni, is a sage divinity, famous in Hindu traditions as a travelling musician and storyteller, who carries news and enlightening wisdom. He is one of mind-created children of Brahma, the creator god. He ...

) * ''Circle of Drums'' (2005, Chesky)

Videography

* ''Olatunji and His Drums of Passion'' (Video) (1986 Video Arts International) Recorded Live at Oakland Colisium 12/31/85 * ''Love Drum Talk'' (Video) (1998, CHE, TMS, Chesky) * ''African Drumming'' (Instructional video) (2004, Interworld) * ''Olatunji Live at Starwood'' (DVD) (2005, ACE) Recorded Live at the Starwood Festival 1997

As guest

With Mickey Hart * '' At the Edge'' (Rykodisc, 1990) * '' Planet Drum'' (Rykodisc, 1991) * ''Mickey Hart's Mystery Box'' (Rykodisc, 1996) * '' Supralingua'' (Rykodisc, 1998) * ''

Global Drum Project ''Global Drum Project'' is an album by Mickey Hart, Zakir Hussain (musician), Zakir Hussain, Sikiru Adepoju, and Giovanni Hidalgo. It was released by Shout! Factory on October 2, 2007. The album combines music played on a variety of drums and ot ...

'' (Shout! Factory, 2007) * '' Mysterium Tremendum'' (360°, 2012) With others * 1960 ''

'',

* 1960 '' Uhuru Afrika'',

* 1960 ''

The Incredible Kai Winding Trombones ''The Incredible Kai Winding Trombones'' is an album by American jazz trombonist Kai Winding featuring performances recorded in 1960 for the Impulse! Records, Impulse! label.

'', Kai Winding * 1961 '' African Waltz'', Cannonball Adderley * 1961 '' The Common Ground'',

Herbie Mann Herbert Jay Solomon (April 16, 1930 – July 1, 2003), known by his stage name Herbie Mann, was an American jazz flute player and important early practitioner of world music. Early in his career, he also played tenor saxophone and clarinet (inclu ...

* 1964 ''

Gainsbourg Percussions ''Gainsbourg Percussions'' is the sixth studio album by French musician Serge Gainsbourg, released in 1964. Gainsbourg reinvents his style with Latin, African, and Cuban influences. It would be his last album before 1968. Track listing "Joanna" ...

'', Serge Gainsbourg * 1977 ''Home in the Country'',

* 1977 '' Silver 'n Percussion'',

* 1980 ''Connections'', Richie Havens * 1987 ''Taj'',

Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal (; ) is an Islamic ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1631 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan () to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mu ...

* 1988 ''The Other Side of This'', Airto Moreira * 1991 ''Jungle Fever'', Stevie Wonder * 1991 ''Strange and Beautiful'',

Crimson Glory Crimson Glory was an American heavy metal band that formed in 1983 in Sarasota, Florida. They started in 1979 under the monikers 'Pierced Arrow', then 'Beowulf', before settling on Crimson Glory. The classic line-up consisted of vocalist Midnig ...

* 1995 ''Dance of the Rainbow Serpent'', Carlos Santana * 1967 released 2001. John Coltrane: "The Olatunji Concert. The Last Live Recording" (John Coltrane) Impulse Records. * 1997 ''Jazz 'Round Midnight'',

* 2000 ''The Rose That Grew from Concrete'',

2Pac Tupac Amaru Shakur ( ; born Lesane Parish Crooks, June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known as 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper. He is widely considered one of the most influential rappers of all time. Shakur is among the b ...

* 2019 ''History'',

Youssou N’Dour Youssou N'Dour (, wo, Yuusu Nduur; also known as Youssou Madjiguène Ndour; born 1 October 1959) is a Senegalese singer, songwriter, musician, composer, occasional actor, businessman, and politician. In 2004, ''Rolling Stone'' magazine describe ...

References

Bibliography

* ''Musical Instruments of Africa: Their Nature, Use and Place in the Life of a Deeply Musical People'' (1965) with Betty Warner-Dietz. John Day Company OCLC: 592096 * Foreword to "The Drummer's Path: Moving the Spirit with Ritual and Traditional Drumming" (1992) by Súle Greg Wilson, Destiny Books * ''The Beat Of My Drum: An Autobiography'' (2005) (with a foreword by

Press ,

External links

Official site archived
AfricanMusic.org
Olatunji profile
salon.com

* * as Babatunde * as Michael {{DEFAULTSORT:Olatunji, Babatunde 1927 births 2003 deaths 20th-century American drummers American male drummers Chesky Records artists Columbia Records artists Deaths from diabetes Djembe players Master drummers Morehouse College alumni Musicians from Lagos Nigerian drummers Nigerian emigrants to the United States Nigerian percussionists Planet Drum members Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service alumni Yoruba musicians 20th-century American male musicians Provogue Records artists