BL 12 inch Mk X naval gun
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The BL 12 inch Gun Mark XMark X = Mark 10. Succeeding versions were Mark XI (11) and XII (12). Britain used
Roman numerals Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are written with combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet, ...
to denote Marks (models) of ordnance until after World War II was a British 45-calibre
naval gun Naval artillery is artillery mounted on a warship, originally used only for naval warfare and then subsequently used for shore bombardment and anti-aircraft roles. The term generally refers to tube-launched projectile-firing weapons and excludes ...
which was mounted as primary armament on
battleship A battleship is a large armour, armored warship with a main artillery battery, battery consisting of large caliber guns. It dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term ''battleship'' came into use in the late 1 ...
s and
battlecruiser The battlecruiser (also written as battle cruiser or battle-cruiser) was a type of capital ship of the first half of the 20th century. These were similar in displacement, armament and cost to battleships, but differed in form and balance of attr ...
s from 1906. It first appeared on .


History

Mk X continued the trend of lengthening gun barrels as far as new construction methods would permit, in order to allow more cordite propellant to be used to attain higher projectile velocities. Mk X increased the bore length from Mk IX's , increasing muzzle velocity from . Subsequent British attempts to further increase the power of 12-inch guns led to failure with the 50-calibre Mk XI and Mk XII guns; the Mk X was the last successful 12-inch British gun.


Naval use

Mk X guns were mounted in the following ships which served throughout
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
: * s, laid down 1905, completed 1908 * Battleship , laid down 1905, completed 1906 * s, laid down 1906, completed 1908–1909 * s, laid down 1906, completed 1909 * s, laid down 1909, completed 1911–1913


World War I use ashore

From 1917 several Mk X guns were deployed ashore on the section of the Belgian coast still held by the Allies, near Nieuwpoort. They were part of the "Royal Naval Siege Guns" under the command of Admiral Sir Reginald Bacon, and were used for attacking German heavy gun batteries.


Ammunition


See also

*
List of naval guns List of Naval Guns by country of origin in decreasing caliber size List of naval guns by caliber size, all countries Naval anti-aircraft guns See also * List of artillery * List of the largest cannon by caliber *Glossary of British ordnanc ...


Weapons of comparable role, performance and era

*
305mm/45 Modèle 1906 gun The 305mm/45 Modèle 1906 gun was a heavy naval gun of the French Navy. The type was used on the , mounted in two twin turrets. An improved version, the 305mm/45 Modèle 1910 gun, was installed on the ''Courbet'' class. Six surplus guns were mod ...
French equivalent * EOC 12 inch /45 naval gun
Elswick Ordnance Company The Elswick Ordnance Company (sometimes referred to as Elswick Ordnance Works, but usually as "EOC") was a British armaments manufacturing company of the late 19th and early 20th century History Originally created in 1859 to separate William A ...
equivalent *
12"/45 caliber Mark 5 gun The 12″/45 caliber Mark 5 gun was an American naval gun that first entered service in 1906. Initially designed for use with the of pre-dreadnought battleships, the Mark 5 continued in service aboard the first generation of American dreadnought ...
US equivalent


Notes


References


Bibliography


"Range Tables for His Majesty's Fleet, 1910. February, 1911"
*
Treatise on Ammunition ''Treatise on Ammunition'', from 1926 retitled ''Text Book of Ammunition'', is a series of manuals detailing all British Empire military and naval service ammunition and associated equipment in use at the date of publication. It was published by t ...
, 1915


External links

* Tony DiGiulian
British 12"/45 (30.5 cm) Mark X
{{DEFAULTSORT:BL 12-inch Mk 10 gun Naval guns of the United Kingdom World War I naval weapons of the United Kingdom 305 mm artillery Vickers