In the

neuroanatomy Neuroanatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the nervous system. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defi ...

animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motilit ...

s, an avian pallium is the dorsal

telencephalon The cerebrum, telencephalon or endbrain is the largest part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In ...

of a bird's

brain A brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. It is the most complex organ in a ve ...

. The subpallium is the ventral

. The

pallium The pallium (derived from the Roman ''pallium'' or ''palla'', a woolen cloak; : ''pallia'') is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the pope, but for many centuries bestowed by the Holy See upon metropol ...

avian Avian may refer to: *Birds or Aves, winged animals *Avian (given name) (russian: Авиа́н, link=no), a male forename Aviation *Avro Avian, a series of light aircraft made by Avro in the 1920s and 1930s *Avian Limited, a hang glider manufacture ...

species tends to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume. Birds have a unique pallial structure known as the hyperpallium, once called the ''hyperstriatum''. A 2002 conference at Duke University ( Avian Brain Nomenclature Consortium) established a standard nomenclature for describing the avian pallium as follows: *

Pallium The pallium (derived from the Roman ''pallium'' or ''palla'', a woolen cloak; : ''pallia'') is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the pope, but for many centuries bestowed by the Holy See upon metropol ...

pyriform cortex The piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex, is a region in the brain, part of the rhinencephalon situated in the cerebrum. The function of the piriform cortex relates to the sense of smell. Structure The piriform cortex is part of the rhinencepha ...

olfactory bulb The olfactory bulb (Latin: ''bulbus olfactorius'') is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the sense of smell. It sends olfactory information to be further processed in the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex ( ...

hippocampus The hippocampus (via Latin from Greek , ' seahorse') is a major component of the brain of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, ...

** corticoid area ** hyperpallium *** apicale *** intercalatum *** densocellulare ** mesopallium *** dorsale *** ventrale ** nidopallium *** field L2 *** entopallium *** basorostralis ** arcopallium ** amygdaloid complex *** posterior amygdala *** nucleus taeniae * Subpallium ** striatum ***

lateral Lateral is a geometric term of location which may refer to: Healthcare *Lateral (anatomy), an anatomical direction * Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle * Lateral release (surgery), a surgical procedure on the side of a kneecap Phonetics *Lateral co ...

*** medial **

pallidum The globus pallidus (GP), also known as paleostriatum or dorsal pallidum, is a subcortical structure of the brain. It consists of two adjacent segments, one external, known in rodents simply as the globus pallidus, and one internal, known in rod ...

*** globus pallidus or dorsal pallidum ***

ventral pallidum The ventral pallidum (VP) is a structure within the basal ganglia of the brain. It is an output nucleus whose fibres project to thalamic nuclei, such as the ventral anterior nucleus, the ventral lateral nucleus, and the medial dorsal nucleus. The ...

Notable researchers

* Stanley Cobb * Onur Güntürkün

References

External links

*{{cite journal , last1=Jarvis , first1=Erich D. , authorlink1=Erich Jarvis, last2=Güntürkün , first2=Onur , authorlink2=Onur Güntürkün, last3=Bruce , first3=Laura , last4=Csillag , first4=András , last5=Karten , first5=Harvey , last6=Kuenzel , first6=Wayne , last7=Medina , first7=Loreta , last8=Paxinos , first8=George , last9=Perkel , first9=David J. , last10=Shimizu , first10=Toru , last11=Striedter , first11=Georg , last12=Wild , first12=J. Martin , last13=Ball , first13=Gregory F. , last14=Dugas-Ford , first14=Jennifer , last15=Durand , first15=Sarah E. , last16=Hough , first16=Gerald E. , last17=Husband , first17=Scott , last18=Kubikova , first18=Lubica , last19=Lee , first19=Diane W. , last20=Mello , first20=Claudio V. , last21=Powers , first21=Alice , last22=Siang , first22=Connie , last23=Smulders , first23=Tom V. , last24=Wada , first24=Kazuhiro , last25=White , first25=Stephanie A. , last26=Yamamoto , first26=Keiko , last27=Yu , first27=Jing , last28=Reiner , first28=Anton , last29=Butler , first29=Ann B. , title=Avian brains and a new understanding of vertebrate brain evolution , journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience , date=February 2005 , volume=6 , issue=2 , pages=151–159 , pmid=15685220, doi=10.1038/nrn1606, pmc=2507884 Bird neuroanatomy

Notable researchers

See also

References

External links