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Australian Convict Sites is a World Heritage property consisting of 11 remnant penal sites originally built within the
The 11 penal sites constituting the Australian Convict Sites World Heritage listed property are:
# Kingston and Arthur's Vale Historic Area ("KAVHA"), Norfolk Island.
# Old Government House and Domain ("Old Government House"),
British Empire
The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts e ...
during the 18th and 19th centuries on fertile Australian coastal strips at Sydney, Tasmania
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, image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates:
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, Norfolk Island, and Fremantle; now representing "...the best surviving examples of large-scale convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as " prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former conv ...
transportation
Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline, ...
and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts."
These properties were all individually included on the Australian National Heritage List
The Australian National Heritage List or National Heritage List (NHL) is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003. The list includes natural and ...
before inclusion on the World Heritage list.
Preparations began in 1995, and a World Heritage nomination was first made in January 2008. That attempt failed, and the nomination was subsequently reworked.
Penal sites included
The 11 penal sites constituting the Australian Convict Sites World Heritage listed property are:
# Kingston and Arthur's Vale Historic Area ("KAVHA"), Norfolk Island.
# Old Government House and Domain ("Old Government House"), New South Wales
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, map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates:
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, established_title = Before federation
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.
# Hyde Park Barracks, New South Wales.
# Brickendon and Woolmers Estates ("Brickendon-Woolmers"), Tasmania
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.
#Darlington Probation Station
Darlington Probation Station was a convict penal settlement on Maria Island, Tasmania (then Van Diemen's Land), from 1825 to 1832, then later a convict probation station during the last phase of convict management in eastern Australia (1842–18 ...
("Darlington"), Tasmania.
# Old Great North Road, New South Wales.
# Cascades Female Factory ("Cascades"), Tasmania.
# Port Arthur Historic Site ("Port Arthur"), Tasmania.
# Coal Mines Historic Site ("Coal Mines"), Tasmania.
# Cockatoo Island Convict Site ("Cockatoo Island"), New South Wales.
#Fremantle Prison
Fremantle Prison, sometimes referred to as Fremantle Gaol or Fremantle Jail, is a former Australian prison and World Heritage Site in Fremantle, Western Australia. The site includes the prison cellblocks, gatehouse, perimeter walls, cottages ...
, Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...
.
Criteria for listing
Out of over 3,000 convict sites remaining in Australia, the 11 constituting the Australian Convict Sites were selected as the pre-eminent examples of the world's convict era satisfying World Heritage selection criteria IV & VI, as follows:References
{{Convicts in Australia Australian National Heritage List