Außerfern
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Außerfern () refers to the district of
Reutte Reutte (; Swabian: ) is a market town in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is the administrative center of the Reutte district (''Districts of Austria''). Reutte is located on the Lech, and has a population of 6704 (as of 2018). Neighbouring munic ...
in the
Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
n federal state of
Tyrol Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
.


Etymology

The name is probably derived from ''Außer dem Fern'' ("beyond the Fern" where ''Fern'' is the
Fern Pass Fern Pass (elevation 1212 m) is a mountain pass in the Tyrolean Alps in Austria. It is located between the Lechtal Alps on the west and the Mieming Mountains on the east. The highest peak in Germany, the Zugspitze is only 13.5 km away to th ...
).Finsterwalder, K. (1995): Die Ortsnamen im Außerfern. – In: Ölberg, H. M. & Grass, N.: Tiroler Ortsnamenkunde – Gesammelte Aufsätze und Arbeiten 3. – S. 1197-1210; Innsbruck (Wagner). ''Außer-'' ("outer") and ''Inner-'' ("inner") in the Tyrolese dialect are common prefixes to the name of a valley and distinguish the mouth of the valley from its upper reaches, or the section of a valley downstream of its main settlement from the upstream regions, or simply the directions into and out of the valley. ''Außerfern'' may possible refer, therefore, to the valley up to the historic climb to the Fern Pass.


History

The region was settled from the
10th century The 10th century was the period from 901 ( CMI) through 1000 ( M) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the last century of the 1st millennium. In China the Song dynasty was established. The Muslim World experienced a cultural zenith, ...
along the
Via Claudia Augusta The Via Claudia Augusta is an ancient Roman road, which linked the valley of the Po River with Rhaetia (encompassing parts of modern Eastern Switzerland, Northern Italy, Western Austria, Southern Germany and all of Liechtenstein) across the Alps ...
by
Alamanni The Alemanni or Alamanni, were a confederation of Germanic tribes * * * on the Upper Rhine River. First mentioned by Cassius Dio in the context of the campaign of Caracalla of 213, the Alemanni captured the in 260, and later expanded into pres ...
. At the end of the 13th century it became part of the
County of Tyrol The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised pr ...
through the imperial agreement (''Reichseinigung'') of Duke
Meinhard Meinhard is a municipality in the Werra-Meißner-Kreis in Hesse, Germany. Geography Location The community lies in the North Hesse Low Mountain Range landscape on the edge of the Werra valley, 3 km from the district seat of Eschwege. Near ...
, however the Außerfern's close economic and cultural relationships with the
Allgäu The Allgäu (Standard German: , also Allgovia) is a region in Swabia in southern Germany. It covers the south of Bavarian Swabia, southeastern Baden-Württemberg, and parts of Austria. The region stretches from the pre-alpine lands up to the A ...
region remained. For example, the Außerfern was for a long time placed ecclesiastically under the Bishopric of
Augsburg Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ' ...
. This was aided by good transportation links to the
Allgäu The Allgäu (Standard German: , also Allgovia) is a region in Swabia in southern Germany. It covers the south of Bavarian Swabia, southeastern Baden-Württemberg, and parts of Austria. The region stretches from the pre-alpine lands up to the A ...
and to
Upper Bavaria Upper Bavaria (german: Oberbayern, ; ) is one of the seven administrative districts of Bavaria, Germany. Geography Upper Bavaria is located in the southern portion of Bavaria, and is centered on the city of Munich, both state capital and seat o ...
, whilst there was only one link to the
Inn Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway; before the advent of motorized transportation they also provided accommo ...
valley usable in winter, namely the Fern Pass.


Linguistic unit

Linguistically the region is dominated by a mixed form of the
Alemannic Alemannic (''Alamannic'') or Alamanni may refer to: * Alemannic German, a dialect family in the Upper German branch of the German languages and its speakers * Alemanni, a confederation of Suebian Germanic tribes in the Roman period * Alamanni (surna ...
and
Austro-Bavarian Bavarian (german: Bairisch , Bavarian: ''Boarisch'') or alternately Austro-Bavarian, is a West Germanic language, part of the Upper German family, together with Alemannic and East Franconian. Bavarian is spoken by approximately 12 million peop ...
dialects. The regions settled by Upper Bavaria and from the
Inn Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway; before the advent of motorized transportation they also provided accommo ...
valley, such as the
Ehrwald Ehrwald is a municipality in the district of Reutte in the Austrian state of Tyrol. Geography Ehrwald lies at the southern base of the Zugspitze (2950 meters above sea level), Germany's highest mountain, but which is shared with Austria. The tow ...
Basin and the tributary valleys of the Lech have similarities with the dialects of the Upper Inn Valley, whilst in the region around
Reutte Reutte (; Swabian: ) is a market town in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is the administrative center of the Reutte district (''Districts of Austria''). Reutte is located on the Lech, and has a population of 6704 (as of 2018). Neighbouring munic ...
and in the
Tannheim Tannheim (Württemberg) () is a municipality in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Geography It is located in upper Swabia at the river Iller which forms the border to Bavaria. Sights *Church of St. Martin, built 17 ...
valley, a Swabian-Alemannic dialect dominates.


NUTS division: AT331

In the NUTS division for official statistics collected by the EU the ''Außerfern'' is one of the five groups of districts (level NUTS:AT-2) in Tyrol, bears the code AT331 and covers the
administrative district Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of public administration within a particular sovereign state. This particular usage of the word government refers specifically to a level of administration that is both geographically-loca ...
of Reutte.


The region today

Today the term is used particularly in the '' Regional Development of Außerfern'' – the region is part of the
Euroregion In European politics, the term Euroregion usually refers to a transnational co-operation structure between two (or more) contiguous territories located in different European countries. Euroregions represent a specific type of cross-border region. ...
s '' Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino'', ''EUREGIO via salina'' and ''Zugspitze-Wetterstein-Karwendel''.
Tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring (disambiguation), touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tour (disambiguation), tours. Th ...
is an important source of income, because the rather barren and high terrain is difficult to cultivate. In addition, industry and trade play a role, especially in the central Lech valley and the Reutte Basin. The Tyrolean Lech Valley Nature Park and the river
Lech Lech may refer to: People * Lech (name), a name of Polish origin * Lech, the legendary founder of Poland * Lech (Bohemian prince) Products and organizations * Lech (beer), Polish beer produced by Kompania Piwowarska, in Poznań * Lech Poznań, ...
, one of the last natural rivers in Europe, together with the multitude of sporting facilities are the basis for tourism in the Außerfern. The main link into the rest of Tyrol is over the
Fern Pass Fern Pass (elevation 1212 m) is a mountain pass in the Tyrolean Alps in Austria. It is located between the Lechtal Alps on the west and the Mieming Mountains on the east. The highest peak in Germany, the Zugspitze is only 13.5 km away to th ...
. The region is linked from the German railway network by the
Außerfern Railway The Ausserfern Railway (german: Außerfernbahn) is a cross-border railway line in the German state of Bavaria and the Austrian state of Tyrol. The single-tracked branch line starts from Kempten in Germany, before crossing into Austria just after p ...
.


References


Sources

* Fuchs, F. (1984): Heimat Außerfern – Eine Heimatkunde des Bezirkes Reutte. – 196 S.; Reutte (Außerferner Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft). * Gasser, H. (1978): Erlebnis Außerfern. – 211 S.; Graz u.a. (Leopold Stocker Verlag). * Greif, F. & Schwackhöfer, W. (1979): Die Sozialbrache im Hochgebirge am Beispiel des Außerferns: Schriftenreihe des Agrarwirtschaftlichen Institutes des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft 31. – 185 S., 23 Abb.; Wien (Österreichischer Agrarverlag). * Katholischer Tiroler Lehrerverein & Bezirksschulrat Reutte (2004): Der Bezirk Reutte – Das Außerfern. – 432 pp.; Höfen (Koch). * Klebelsberg, R. v. (1955): Außerferner Geologie. – Schlern-Schriften, 111: 9-23, 8 images.; Innsbruck. * Koller, H. (1969): Die Elektrizitätswirtschaft des Außerfern. – In: Ulmer, F.: Beiträge zur alpenländischen Wirtschafts- und Sozialforschung 57. – 70 pp., 12 Tab.; Innsbruck (Wagner). * Lechenbauer, L. (1973): Außerfern – Ein Kleinod in Tirol. – 100 pp., 75 Abb.; Wolfsberg (Theiss). * Linser, P. (1988): Sagenhaftes Außerfern 11 – Die Entstehung des Drachensees. – Außerferner Nachrichten: 4; Reutte. * Lipp, R. (1994): Außerfern. – 127 S.; Innsbruck u.a. (Tyrolia). * Mutschlechner, G. (1955): Der Erzbergbau in Außerfern. – Schlern-Schriften, 111: 25-52, 1 Abb., 5 Tab.; Innsbruck. * Mutschlechner, G. & Palme, R. (1976): Das Messingwerk in Pflach bei Reutte – Ein bedeutsames Industrieunternehmen zu Beginn der Neuzeit. – 127 S., 5 Abb.; Reutte (RTW Verlag Außerferner Schriften). * Ruepp, W. A. (2002): Die Mohrenwirtin. 100 Jahre Reuttener Zeitgeschichte. 110 S.; Reutte (Eigenverlag). * Ruepp, W. A. (2004): Ausserferner Eigenart. Eine menschliche Spurensuche. 97 S.; Reutte (Ehrenberg-Verlag). * Schöner, R., Scholz, H. & Krumm, H. (2003): Die mittelalterliche Eisengewinnung im Füssener Land (Ostallgäu und Außerfern) – Neue Ergebnisse zum Abbau und zur Verhüttung der Eisenerze aus dem Wettersteinkalk. – Arch. f. Lagerst.forsch. Geol. B.-A., 24: 193-218, 21 Abb., 3 Tab.; Wien. * Schrettl, R. (2004): Expedition Außerfern – Geschichten und Eindrücke einer elftägigen Wanderung rund um den Bezirk Reutte. – 74 S., 21 Abb.; Reutte (Ehrenberg-Verlag). * Thurner, H. (1924): Die Fernbahn, eine neue Nord-Südlinie Deutschland-Italien – Ein Beitrag zur Volkswohlfahrt West-Tirols Lebensnerv. – 44 S., 2 Anl.; Innsbruck (Selbstverlag Thurner). * Trapp, O. (1986): Tiroler Burgenbuch – Oberinnteil und Außerfern VII. –; Bozen (Athesia). * Wolkersdorfer, C. (1990): Ehrwaldit vor 125 Jahren entdeckt. – Außerferner Nachrichten, 7. Juni 1990: 4, 1 Abb.; Reutte. * Wolkersdorfer, C. (2005): Der neue Montan-Wanderweg – Wandern auf geschichtlichen Spuren, erleben Sie die Bergbaugeschichte Biberwiers. – Außerferner Nachrichten, 25. August 2005:, 3 Abb.; Reutte. * Wolkersdorfer, C., Göbel, J., Hasche-Berger, A. & Hanneberg, A. (2007): Führer zum Montan-Wanderweg Silberleithe. – 79 S., 128 Abb.; Biberwier (Bergwerksverein Silberleithe Tirol).


External links

* Wolfgang Ruepp on th
''Außerferner Eigenart''
(selected chapter of the book)
Information page about the Außerfern
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausserfern Geography of Tyrol (state) Subdivisions of Austria