The Asclepiadoideae are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...

of plants in the family

Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison Members ...

. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family. They form a group of perennial

herb In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicina ...

s, twining

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from tree ...

liana A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a t ...

s or rarely

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

s but notably also contain a significant number of leafless stem succulents. The name comes from the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal ...

Asclepias ''Asclepias'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial plant, perennial, flowering plants known as milkweeds, named for their latex, a milky substance containing cardiac glycosides termed cardenolides, exuded where cells are damaged. Most species ar ...

'' (milkweeds). There are 348 genera, with about 2,900

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

. They are mainly located in the tropics to subtropics, especially in Africa and South America. The florally advanced tribe

Stapelieae The genera of plants within the tribe Stapelieae are all to varying degrees stem succulents. Many of the species resemble cacti, though are not closely related, as an example of convergent evolution. The stems are often angular, mostly four-ang ...

within this family contains the relatively familiar stem succulent genera such as ''

Huernia The genus ''Huernia'' (family Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) consists of perennial, stem succulents from Eastern and Southern Africa and Arabia, first described as a genus in 1810.Brown, Robert. 1810. On the Asclepiadeae 11 The flowe ...

, Stapelia'' and '' Hoodia''. They are remarkable for the complex mechanisms they have developed for

pollination Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an Stamen, anther of a plant to the stigma (botany), stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by Anemophily, wind. Pollinating agents can ...

, which independently parallel the unrelated

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowerin ...

, especially in the grouping of their pollen into pollinia. The fragrance from the flowers, often called "carrion", attracts flies. The flies pollinate the flowers. Many new hybrids have been formed due to the unique fertilization method of the flowers.

Tribes and genera

The following five tribes are recognised:

Asclepiadeae

*'' Adelostemma'' *'' Aidomene'' *'' Araujia'' *''

'' *''

Aspidoglossum ''Aspidoglossum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 3 ...

'' *''

Aspidonepsis ''Aspidonepsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Its native range is Southern Africa. Species: *''Aspidonepsis cognata'' *''Aspidonepsis diploglossa'' *''Aspidonepsis flava'' *''Aspidonepsis reenensis'' ...

'' *''

Astephanus ''Astephanus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. ;Species The Plant List The Plant List was a list of botanical names of species of plants created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ...

'' *''

Barjonia ''Barjonia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the ...

'' *''

Blepharodon ''Blepharodon'' is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1844. They are native primarily to South America, with one species extending into Central America and Mexico.Steyermark, J. A. 1995. Flora of the Venezu ...

'' *'' Calciphila'' *''

Calotropis ''Calotropis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to southern Asia and North Africa. They are commonly known as milkweeds because of the latex they produce. ''Calotropis'' ...

'' *'' Cordylogyne'' *'' Cynanchum'' *'' Diplolepis'' *'' Ditassa'' *''

Fanninia ''Fanninia'' is a species of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1868. It contains only one known species, ''Fanninia caloglossa'', native to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (R ...

'' *'' Fischeria'' *'' Funastrum'' *''

Glossonema Glossonema is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, ...

'' *''

Glossostelma Glossostelma is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family ...

'' *'' Gomphocarpus'' *'' Gonolobus'' *'' Graphistemma'' *'' Gyrostelma'' *'' Hemipogon'' *''

Holostemma ''Holostemma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. The genus was first described in 1810. As presently constituted, the genus contains only one known species, ''Holostemma ada-kodien'', native to southern Asia ( China, Nepal ...

'' *'' Hypolobus'' *''

Ibatia ''Ibatia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known ...

'' *''

Jobinia ''Jobinia'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae first described in 1885. It is native to South America and Central America. ;Species ;formerly included transferred to ''Cynanchum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 s ...

'' *'' Kanahia'' *'' Lachnostoma'' *'' Macroscepis'' *'' Mahawoa'' *'' Margaretta'' *'' Matelea'' *'' Merrillanthus'' *'' Metaplexis'' *'' Metastelma'' *'' Microloma'' *'' Minaria'' *''

Miraglossum ''Miraglossum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1984. It is native to southern Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At ab ...

'' *'' Monsanima'' *'' Morrenia'' *'' Nautonia'' *''

Nephradenia ''Nephradenia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane ...

'' *''

Odontanthera ''Odontanthera'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogban ...

'' *'' Odontostelma'' *'' Oncinema'' *'' Orthosia'' *'' Oxypetalum'' *''

Oxystelma ''Oxystelma'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to Africa and Asia. Species ''The Plant List'' includes: # '' Oxystelma bornouense'' R.Br. - tropical Africa # '' Oxystelma ...

'' *'' Pachycarpus'' *''

Parapodium In invertebrates, the term parapodium ( Gr. ''para'', beyond or beside + ''podia'', feet; plural: parapodia) refers to lateral outgrowths or protrusions from the body. Parapodia are predominantly found in annelids, where they are paired, unjointed ...

'' *'' Pentacyphus'' *'' Pentarrhinum'' *'' Pentastelma'' *'' Pentatropis'' *''

Peplonia ''Peplonia'' is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1844. The entire genus is endemic to Brazil.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010 . Jardim Botânico ...

'' *'' Pergularia'' *''

Petalostelma ''Petalostelma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as ...

'' *'' Phaeostemma'' *'' Pherotrichis'' *''

Philibertia ''Philibertia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1819. It is native to South America.Holm, R. W. 1950. The American species of ''Sarcostemma'' R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae). Annals of the Missour ...

'' *''

Pseudolachnostoma ''Pseudolachnostoma'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, com ...

'' *'' Raphistemma'' *'' Rhyssostelma'' *'' Rhytidostemma'' *'' Rojasia'' *''

Schizoglossum ''Schizoglossum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Its native range is Southern Tropical and Southern Africa. Species Species: *''Schizoglossum amatolicum'' *''Schizoglossum angolense'' *''Schizoglossum as ...

'' *'' Schizostephanus'' *'' Schubertia'' *''

Scyphostelma ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is d ...

'' *'' Seshagiria'' *'' Sichuania'' *'' Solenostemma'' *'' Stathmostelma'' *'' Stelmagonum'' *'' Stenomeria'' *'' Stenostelma'' *'' Tassadia'' *'' Trachycalymma'' *''

Tweedia ''Tweedia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1835. The genus is native to South America. An ornamental plant, ''Oxypetalum coeruleum'', formerly included in this genus is commonly referred t ...

'' *''

Tylodontia ''Tylodontia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly k ...

'' *'' Vincetoxicum'' *'' Widgrenia'' *''

Woodia ''Woodia'' is a genus in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, becaus ...

'' *''

Xysmalobium ''Xysmalobium'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to Africa.Brown, Robert. 1810. On the Asclepiadeae 27 ;Species ;formerly included moved to other genera ''(Asclepias, Glossostel ...

Ceropegieae

'' Ceropegia candelabrum'' '' Stapelia gigantea'' *''

Anisotoma ''Anisotoma'' is a genus of flowering plants formerly belonging to the plant family Asclepiadaceae, now considered to be part of the Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1844. They are native to South AfricaGibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. W ...

'' *'' Anomalluma'' *'' Apteranthes'' *''

Australluma ''Australluma'' is a genus of plant in family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane fami ...

'' *''

Baynesia ''Baynesia'' is a genus of plants in family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane fami ...

'' *'' Boucerosia'' *'' Brachystelma'' *'' Caralluma'' *'' Caudanthera'' *''

Ceropegia ''Ceropegia'' is a genus of plants within the family Apocynaceae, native to Africa, southern Asia, and Australia. It was named by Carl Linnaeus, who first described this genus in his ''Genera plantarum'', which appeared in 1737. Linnaeus referr ...

'' *'' Conomitra'' *'' Desmidorchis'' *'' Duvalia'' *''

Duvaliandra ''Duvaliandra'' is a species of plants in the Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1980. It contains only one known species, ''Duvaliandra dioscoridis'', native to the Socotra Islands in the Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-l ...

'' *'' Echidnopsis'' *''

Edithcolea ''Edithcolea'' is a monotypic genus with a single species ''Edithcolea grandis'' (Persian carpet flower). Once classified in the family Asclepiadaceae, it is now in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae of the dogbane family Apocynaceae. It is native to ...

'' *'' Emplectranthus'' *''

Heterostemma ''Heterostemma'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described in 1834. It is native to India, China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Australia, and certain islands in the Pacific. ;Species The Plant List The Plant List was a lis ...

'' *'' Hoodia'' *''

'' *''

Larryleachia ''Larryleachia'' is a genus of stapeliad succulent flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. ;Species * '' Larryleachia cactiformis'' (Hooker) Plowes * '' Larryleachia marlothii'' (N.E. Brown) Plowes * '' Larryleachia perlata'' (Dinter) Plo ...

'' *''

Lavrania ''Lavrania'' is a monospecific genus of plant in family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1986. It is native to Namibia. ;Species # '' Lavrania haagnerae'' Plowes - Namibia ;Taxonomy Phylogenetic studies have shown the genus to be mo ...

'' *''

Leptadenia ''Leptadenia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to Africa, including Madagascar, as well as southwest Asia and the Indian Subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiograp ...

'' *'' Monolluma'' *'' Neoschumannia'' *''

Notechidnopsis ''Notechidnopsis'' is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1985. It contains only one recognized species, ''Notechidnopsis tessellata'', native to Cape Province in South Africa. ;formerly included moved to '' ...

'' *''

Ophionella ''Ophionella '' is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1981. It contains only one accepted species, ''Ophionella arcuata'', native to Eastern Cape Province of South Africa South Africa, officially the ...

'' *'' Orbea'' *''

Orbeanthus ''Orbeanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1978. It is native to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost co ...

'' *'' Orthanthera'' *'' Pectinaria'' *''

Pentasachme ''Pentasachme'' is a species of plants in the Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1834. It contains only one recognized species, ''Pentasachme caudatum'', native to southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, and Southeast Asia. ;formerly i ...

'' *''

Piaranthus ''Piaranthus'' is a succulent plant genus in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, in the family Apocynaceae. It was first described in 1810. Its name comes from Greek and is descriptive of the fleshy, succulent flowers typical of the genus (''"piar-" ...

'' *'' Pseudolithos'' *''

Quaqua The genus ''Quaqua'' falls within the tribe of plants known collectively as stapeliads. All stapeliads, including ''Quaqua'', are Old World stem succulents. Species of the genus ''Quaqua'' are exceptionally varied and endemic to southwestern Af ...

'' *''

Rhytidocaulon Rhytidocaulon is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described in 1962. It is native to northeastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula ;Species # '' Rhytidocaulon paradoxum'' P.R.O.Bally - Ethiopia # '' Rhytidocaulon piliferum'' Lavran ...

'' *'' Richtersveldia'' *'' Riocreuxia'' *'' Sisyranthus'' *'' Socotrella'' *'' Stapelia'' *''

Stapelianthus ''Stapelianthus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1933. The entire genus is endemic to Madagascar and is concentrated in the far south of the island. The genus is defined by the unique coro ...

'' *''

Stapeliopsis ''Stapeliopsis'' is a genus of succulent plants in the family Apocynaceae, native to southern Africa. Description ''Stapeliopsis'' was described as a genus in 1928. The name refers to its superficial resemblance to some species of the genus ''St ...

'' *''

Tavaresia ''Tavaresia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1902. It is native to southern Africa. ;Species # '' Tavaresia angolensis'' Welw. - Angola # '' Tavaresia barklyi'' (Dyer) N.E.Br. - South Africa # '' ...

'' *''

Tridentea ''Tridentea'' is a genus of succulent plant in the family Apocynaceae, endemic to southern Africa. Name and history ''Tridentea'' was first described as a genus in 1812, and its name refers to the three "teeth" on each interstaminal segment of ...

'' *'' Tromotriche'' *'' Whitesloanea''

Eustegieae

*'' Eustegia'' *'' Emicocarpus''

Fockeeae

*'' Cibirhiza'' *''

Fockea ''Fockea'' is a genus of succulent scrubs native to southern Africa. known collectively as water roots, a reference to their characteristic bulbous caudex A caudex (plural: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a ...

Marsdenieae

*'' Anatropanthus'' *'' Anisopus'' *'' Asterostemma'' *'' Campestigma'' *'' Cathetostemma'' *''

Cionura ''Cionura'' is a genus of perennial plants found through the Mediterranean regions, the South and Eastern parts of the Balkan peninsula and Asia Minor to Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, ا� ...

'' *''

Cosmostigma ''Cosmostigma'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1834. It is native to tropical and subtropical Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either consider ...

'' *'' Dischidia'' *'' Dolichopetalum'' *'' Gongronema'' *''

Gunnessia ''Gunnessia'' is a species of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1990. It contains only one known species, ''Gunnessia pepo'' endemic to the State of Queensland in Australia. Altitudinal range from near sea level to ...

'' *''

Gymnema ''Gymnema'' ( Neo-Latin, from Greek γυμνὀς ''gymnos'', "naked" and νῆμα, ''nēma'', "thread") is a genus in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1810. One species, ''Gymnema sylvestre ''Gymnema sylvestre'' is a per ...

'' *'' Heynella'' *'' Hoya'' *''

Jasminanthes ''Jasminanthes'' is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1850. It is native to China, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. ;Species # ''Jasminanthes chunii'' (Tsiang) W.D. Stevens & P.T. Li - Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan # ...

'' *'' Lygisma'' *''

Marsdenia ''Marsdenia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1810. It is named in honor of the plant collector and Secretary of the Admiralty, William Marsden. The plants are native to tropical regions in Asia, Afri ...

'' *'' Oreosparte'' *'' Pycnorhachis'' *'' Rhyssolobium'' *''

Ruehssia ''Ruehssia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. It is also in the Asclepiadoideae subfamily and Marsdenieae tribe. Its native range is tropical and subtropical South America. It is found in Argentina (north-eastern and north-western ...

'' *'' Sarcolobus'' *''

Stephanotis ''Stephanotis'' is a genus of flowering plants first described in 1806. The name derives from the Greek stephanōtís (feminine adj.) fit for a crown, derivative of stéphanos (masculine) crown. It contains evergreen, woody-stemmed lianas with ...

'' *''

Stigmatorhynchus ''Stigmatorhynchus'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1913. It is native to Africa. ;Species # ''Stigmatorhynchus hereroensis'' Schltr. - Damaraland region of Namibia # ''Stigmatorhynchus steleostigma'' (K ...

'' *'' Telosma'' *'' Treutlera'' *'' Wattakaka''

Genera now placed elsewhere

These genera are not accepted within Asclepiadoideae by Endress ''et al''. *'' Absolmsia'' *'' Belostemma'' *''

Biondia ''Vincetoxicum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Although the species in ''Vincetoxicum'' have sometimes been included in ''Cynanchum'', chemical and molecular evidence shows that ''Vincetoxicum'' is more closely related to ''Tylo ...

'' *'' Blyttia'' *'' Clemensiella'' *'' Corollonema'' *''

Cyathostelma ''Cyathostelma'' is a species of plants in the Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1885. It contains only one known species, ''Cyathostelma latipes'', endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographi ...

'' *'' Dactylostelma'' *'' Dalzielia'' *'' Decanema'' *''Diplostigma'' (syn. of '' Vincetoxicum'') *'' Dischidanthus'' *'' Dittoceras'' *'' Dregea'' *'' Frerea'' *'' Gymnanthera'' *'' Gymnemopsis'' *'' Hemidesmus'' *''

Huerniopsis ''Huerniopsis'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae family, first described in 1878. It is native to southern Africa. ;Species # '' Huerniopsis atrosanguinea'' (N.E. Br.) A.C. White & B. Sloane - N Botswana # '' Huerniopsis decipiens'' N.E. ...

'' *'' Ischnostemma'' *'' Kerbera'' *''

Leichardtia ''Leichardtia'' is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane fa ...

'' *''

Lhotzkyella ''Lhotzkyella'' is a species of plants in the Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1882. It was originally given the name ''"Pulvinaria"'' but this turned out to be an illegitimate homonym, meaning that the name had already been used for a ...

'' *'' Macroditassa'' *''

Manothrix ''Manothrix'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane ...

'' *'' Melinia'' *'' Microdactylon'' *'' Microstelma'' *''

Mitostigma ''Mitostigma'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1844. It contains only one accepted species, ''Mitostigma castillonii'', native to Jujuy Province in northwestern ArgentinaPontiroli, A. 1983. Asclepiadaceae. 1 ...

'' *''

Oncostemma ''Vincetoxicum oblongum'' is a species of plants in the family Apocynaceae, native from west tropical Africa to south-west Ethiopia. Its synonyms include ''Oncostemma cuspidatum'', at one time placed as the only species in the genus ''Oncostemma' ...

'' *''

Orbeopsis ''Orbeopsis'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1978. They are native to southern Africa.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nich ...

'' *''

Pachycymbium ''Pachycymbium'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae, first described in 1978. It is native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. ...

'' *'' Papuastelma'' *''

Periglossum ''Periglossum '' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1844. It is native to southern Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both ...

'' *''

Petopentia ''Petopentia'', commonly known as propeller vine, is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1954. It contains only one known species, ''Petopentia natalensis'', native to the Province of KwaZulu-Natal in eastern ...

'' *'' Pleurostelma'' *'' Podostelma'' *''

Polystemma ''Polystemma'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1844. It is native to Mexico and Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boun ...

'' *'' Ptycanthera'' *'' Quisumbingia'' *'' Raphionacme'' *'' Rhyncharrhena'' *'' Sarcostemma'' *'' Schistogyne'' *'' Schistonema'' *'' Seutera'' *'' Sphaerocodon'' *''

Telminostelma ''Telminostelma'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1885. It is native to Brazil and Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolo ...

'' *'' Tenaris'' *'' Tetraphysa'' *'' Trichosacme'' *'' Tylophora'' *'' Tylophoropsis'' *'' Vailia''

References

External links

Stapeliads.info
* ttps://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermFolder/ASCL-1.html Asclepiadaceaei
BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database
{{Taxonbar, from1=Q8206302, from2=Q156689 Gentianales subfamilies