Asasp-Arros
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Asasp-Arros (; ) is a commune in the
Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon language, Gascon Occitan language, Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; ) is a Departments of France, department located in the Regions of France, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest corner of metropolitan ...
department in the
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine () is the largest Regions of France, administrative region in France by area, spanning the west and southwest of Metropolitan France. The region was created in 2014 by the merging of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes ...
region of south-western
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
.


Geography

Asasp-Arros is located 6 km south of Oloron-Sainte-Marie on the left bank of the
Gave d'Aspe The Gave d'Aspe () is a torrential river flowing through the Aspe Valley, one of the three main valleys of the High-Béarn (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), in the southwest of France. It is long. It is formed in the ''Aspe Cirque'', below the Aspe pea ...
and straddling the old royal route built by
Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...
to Canfranc in
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
. The commune consists of two portions joined by a narrow neck of land just south-west of
Lurbe-Saint-Christau Lurbe-Saint-Christau (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 545 Communes of France, communes of the Pyrà ...
. Access to the commune is by
Route nationale A ''route nationale'', or simply ''nationale'', is a class of trunk road in France. They are important roads of national significance which cross broad portions of the French territory, in contrast to departmental or communal roads which serve mo ...
N134 ( European route E7) from Gurmençon in the north passing through the length of the commune and the village and continuing to
Sarrance Sarrance (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 545 Communes of France, communes of the Pyrénées-Atl ...
in the south. The D918 road comes from Issor in the west then goes east from the village over the mountains to Arudy. The southern portion of the commune is heavily forested with few farms while the northern also has extensive forests but with about 40% of the land area farmland.Google Maps
/ref> The commune is part of the
Drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
of the
Adour The Adour (; ; ) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High- Bigorre ( Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean ( Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is long, of which the uppermost ca. is known as the ' ...
with the
Gave d'Aspe The Gave d'Aspe () is a torrential river flowing through the Aspe Valley, one of the three main valleys of the High-Béarn (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), in the southwest of France. It is long. It is formed in the ''Aspe Cirque'', below the Aspe pea ...
forming its entire eastern border as it flows north to join the
Gave d'Oloron The Gave d'Oloron () is a river of south-western France near the border with Spain. It takes its name from the city Oloron-Sainte-Marie, where it is formed from the rivers Gave d'Aspe and Gave d'Ossau. It joins the Gave de Pau in Peyrehorade ...
at Oloron-Sainte-Marie. Many tributaries flow into the Gave d'Aspe in the commune. From south to north these are: the Soum de Bordettes, the Ruisseau des Cournales, the Ruisseau de Labatnere, the Gave de Lourdios at the neck of the commune, and the Ruisseau Toupiette. In the west of the commune the Mielle river flows north with several tributaries rising in the commune: the Arrec de Bernet, the Arrec de Termy, the Arrec de Cazaux, and the Arrec de Sarraude. The Mielle continues north to join the
Gave d'Oloron The Gave d'Oloron () is a river of south-western France near the border with Spain. It takes its name from the city Oloron-Sainte-Marie, where it is formed from the rivers Gave d'Aspe and Gave d'Ossau. It joins the Gave de Pau in Peyrehorade ...
south-east of Moumour.


Places and Hamlets

* Arenguet * Arripe * Arros * Asasp * Athay (rock) * Auquis * Ayestène * Bellevue * Bernet * Bordis * Boumayou * Bourderot (Mill) * La Bourdette * Bourdette (Soum des) * Cambet (Pass - 578 metres) * Carrère * Casaudoumecq * Castets * Cazaux * Chichet * Cousté * Croharé * Esparbé (Talou of) * Estrabeau * Feugas * Fouistou * Garay (Forest) * Gouadain * Granet * Hourc-Gros * Les Indes * Jeannot * Jean-Petit * Juncas * Labatnère * Laborde * Lacabe * Lacanette (fountain) * Le Lagnos * Lalanne * Lalanne (calvary) * Lassalette de l'Arrayous * Lestelle * Les Louzères * Magendie * Maunas * Minvielle * Mirandette * Monlong * Le Pacq * Payssas * Perte * Peyre * Poey * Pucheu * Ségu * Serrelongue (Forest) * Serre-Sècque (Pass - 509 metres) * Soum Artigue * Tachouas * Termy (Forest) Géoportail
IGN ''IGN'' is an American video gaming and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa district and is headed by its former e ...


Neighbouring communes and villages


Toponymy

The name ''Asasp'' appears in the forms: *''Asap'' (1364,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011, p. 14
Fors de Béarn The Fors de Bearn, or fueros of Béarn, are a series of legal texts (privileges, rulings, judicial sentences, decrees, formularies) compiled over centuries (mostly the eleventh to thirteenth) in the Viscounty of Béarn. Together they formed the ...
Manuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ), *''Azasp'' (1375, Contracts of LuntzContracts retained by Luntz, Notary of
Béarn Béarn (; ; or ''Biarn''; or ''Biarno''; or ''Bearnia'') is one of the traditional provinces of France, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in Southwestern France. Along with the three Northern Basque Country, ...
- Manuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
), *''Asasp'' (around 1630, Michel Grosclaude, ''Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn'', Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, 416 pages, by
Pierre de Marca Pierre de Marca (24 January 1594 â€“ 29 June 1662) was a French bishop and historian, born at Gan in Béarn of a family distinguished in the magistracy. His family was known among judicial circles in the 16th century, and maintained the ...
, ''History of Béarn''), and *''Asasp'' on the
Cassini Map The Cassini Map or Academy's Map is the first topographic and geometric map made of the Kingdom of France as a whole. It was compiled by the Cassini family, mainly César-François Cassini (Cassini III) and his son Jean-Dominique Cassini (Cas ...
in 1750Cassini Map 1750 - Asasp
/ref> Michel Grosclaude indicated that ''Asasp'' is related to the basque ''as/aitz'' ("rocky point") and ''aspi'' ("behind"), giving "behind the rocky point". The name ''Arros'' is mentioned in the 12th century''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 13
(Titles of Gabas) and also in: *1220 (For of Oloron, on a copy of 1551), *1249 (sentence in the Josbaig, ''vidimus'' of 1464), *1367 (
Cartulary A cartulary or chartulary (; Latin: ''cartularium'' or ''chartularium''), also called ''pancarta'' or ''codex diplomaticus'', is a medieval manuscript volume or roll ('' rotulus'') containing transcriptions of original documents relating to the fo ...
of OloronTitles published in the ''History of Béarn'' by
Pierre de Marca Pierre de Marca (24 January 1594 â€“ 29 June 1662) was a French bishop and historian, born at Gan in Béarn of a family distinguished in the magistracy. His family was known among judicial circles in the 16th century, and maintained the ...
), *1380 (Departmental archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques), and *1750 on the
Cassini Map The Cassini Map or Academy's Map is the first topographic and geometric map made of the Kingdom of France as a whole. It was compiled by the Cassini family, mainly César-François Cassini (Cassini III) and his son Jean-Dominique Cassini (Cas ...
. According to Michel Grosclaude, ''Arros'' comes from the basque radical ''(h)arr'' ("stone") or from a former owner called ''Arro'', in each of the two possibilities expanded by the Aquitaine suffix ''-ossum'', giving "place of stone" or "Domain of Arro". From 1956 until 1971 (the date of merging with Asasp) ''Arros'' was called ''Arros-d'Oloron'' to differentiate it from Arros-de-Nay. Its name in béarnais is ''Asasp-Arros''. ''Arripe'' is a farm in Asasp mentioned in 1385''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 12
(Census of Béarn). ''Attay'' is an area in Asasp cited in the dictionary of 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 16
''Boumayou'' is a hamlet referenced by the dictionary in 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 35
''Castetgouly''''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 46
and ''Castetmans'' were also places in Asasp. ''Caup'' was another name mentioned in the dictionary in 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 47
''La Courtie'' was a place in Asasp cited by the dictionary in 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 53
''Croues'', another area in Asasp, appears in the Terrier of Asasp,Manuscript from the 18th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in 1778 with the spelling ''Couroues''. ''Domec'' was a fief, vassal of the
Viscounts of Béarn The viscounts of Béarn (Basque: ''Bearno'', Gascon: ''Bearn'' or ''Biarn'') were the rulers of the viscounty of Béarn, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France. Along with the three Basque provinc ...
, cited in 1863 ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 55
in the forms: *''Domec-Poe'' and ''la Domecq'' (respectively 1538 and 1546, Reformation of BéarnManuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ). ''Hourcq'' was an area in Asasp in 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 80
''Le Lagnos'' is a forest in Asasp, which in 1538 was called ''Lo Lanhos'' (,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 90
Reformation of Béarn). ''Monlong'' was referenced in 1863 as a moor in Asasp''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 116
as was ''Tachouas''.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 165
''Ségu'' is a mountain whose slopes are in both Asasp and Issor.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 159


History

Paul Raymond noted that in 1385 Asasp had 17 fires and Arros 7. Both depended on the
bailiwick A bailiwick () is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ. In English, the original French combi ...
of Oloron. Arros commune had a
Lay Abbey A Lay Abbey (Fr: Abbaye laïque) was a basic component of the Middle Ages in the western foothills of the northern Pyrenees. The adjective lay indicated that the property did not belong to a religious order. It is possible to identify a hundred la ...
, vassal of the
Viscounts of Béarn The viscounts of Béarn (Basque: ''Bearno'', Gascon: ''Bearn'' or ''Biarn'') were the rulers of the viscounty of Béarn, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France. Along with the three Basque provinc ...
. On 1 January 1973 (Prefectorial Order of 29 December 1972),History page on the commune website
the commune of Arros-d'Oloron (called Arros until 1956) was merged with Asasp to form the new commune of Asasp-Arros.


Administration

List of Successive Mayors


Inter-communality

The commune is part of seven inter-communal structures: * the Communauté de communes du Haut Béarn; * the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques; * the association for the source of the Colombe; * the educational regrouping association of the communes of Lurbe and Asasp-Arros; * the television association of Oloron-Aspe Valley; * the inter-communal association for sanitation of the gateway of the Aspe; * the joint association for production of drinking water Jean Petit;


Demography

The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Asaspois'' or ''Asaspoises'' in French.


Economy

The main activity is agriculture (livestock, pasturage, polyculture). The commune is in the
Appellation d'origine contrôlée In France, the ''appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (, ; abbr. AOC ) is a label that identifies an agricultural product whose stages of production and processing are carried out in a defined geographical area – the ''terroir'' – and using ...
(AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty. The quality of the water from the rivers allows development of
Fish farming Fish farming or pisciculture involves commercial breeding of fish, most often for food, in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds. It is a particular type of aquaculture, which is the controlled cultivation and harvesting of ...
. A Hydro-electric power station has been built at the confluence of the
Gave d'Aspe The Gave d'Aspe () is a torrential river flowing through the Aspe Valley, one of the three main valleys of the High-Béarn (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), in the southwest of France. It is long. It is formed in the ''Aspe Cirque'', below the Aspe pea ...
and the Gave de Lourdios.


Culture and heritage


Civil heritage

Until 1494 there was a dyke on the
gave d'Aspe The Gave d'Aspe () is a torrential river flowing through the Aspe Valley, one of the three main valleys of the High-Béarn (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), in the southwest of France. It is long. It is formed in the ''Aspe Cirque'', below the Aspe pea ...
which linked Lurbe to Asasp. It was then replaced with a bridge, making the village an important stage on a secondary way on the
via Podiensis The Via Podiensis or the Le Puy Route is one of the four routes through France on the pilgrimage to the tomb of James, son of Zebedee, St. James the Great in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia (Spain), Galicia in northwest Spain. It leaves from Le-P ...
(or '' Puy Route''), one of the modern paths on the Way of St. James.


Religious heritage

There are two churches in Asasp-Arros which are listed as historical monuments. These are: *The Parish Church of Saint-Jean-l'Évangéliste at Asasp (19th century). The church has several items registered as historical objects: **Main
Altar An altar is a table or platform for the presentation of religion, religious offerings, for sacrifices, or for other ritualistic purposes. Altars are found at shrines, temples, Church (building), churches, and other places of worship. They are use ...
and
Retable A retable is a structure or element placed either on or immediately behind and above the altar or communion table of a church. At the minimum, it may be a simple shelf for candles behind an altar, but it can also be a large and elaborate struct ...
(18th century) **Secondary
Altar An altar is a table or platform for the presentation of religion, religious offerings, for sacrifices, or for other ritualistic purposes. Altars are found at shrines, temples, Church (building), churches, and other places of worship. They are use ...
and
Retable A retable is a structure or element placed either on or immediately behind and above the altar or communion table of a church. At the minimum, it may be a simple shelf for candles behind an altar, but it can also be a large and elaborate struct ...
(18th century) **Painting: the Agony of Christ (17th century) **Choir enclosure (Communion table) (18th century) ; File:Eglise de Asasp-Arros vue 1.jpg, Road to the church File:Eglise de Asasp-Arros vue 3.jpg, Outside view File:Eglise de Asasp-Arros vue 2.jpg, The church approach File:Arros d'Oloron (Asasp-Arros, Pyr-Atl, Fr) monument aux morts sur le mur de l'eglise.JPG, War memorial plaque on the church File:Entrée de l'église vue 1Asasp-Arros.jpg, Entry to the Church *The Parish Church of Saint-Vincent-Diacre at Arros (19th century). The church has two items registered as historical objects: **Secondary
Altar An altar is a table or platform for the presentation of religion, religious offerings, for sacrifices, or for other ritualistic purposes. Altars are found at shrines, temples, Church (building), churches, and other places of worship. They are use ...
and
Retable A retable is a structure or element placed either on or immediately behind and above the altar or communion table of a church. At the minimum, it may be a simple shelf for candles behind an altar, but it can also be a large and elaborate struct ...
(18th century) **Ceiling (18th century)Ministry of Culture, Palissy


Environmental heritage

A large wooded area,Environment page on the commune website
with many hiking trails extends over the commune. The peak of ''Bellevue'', which is also called ''Cambet'', is 681 metres high, the summit of ''Caut'' is 689 metres, the summit of ''Las Osques'' is 691 metres, and ''Pédeher'' is 712 metres. On the frontier with Issor the summit of ''Athay'' is 728 metres high and that of ''Ségu'' is 768 metres.


Facilities


Education

The commune has an Elementary school.


Sports

The
Rugby union Rugby union football, commonly known simply as rugby union in English-speaking countries and rugby 15/XV in non-English-speaking world, Anglophone Europe, or often just rugby, is a Contact sport#Terminology, close-contact team sport that orig ...
club (ASAAR) plays in the championship of France in the 2nd series.


See also

*
Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 545 Communes of France, communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments of France, department of France. The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 202 ...


External links


Commune website

Asasp-Arros on Géoportail
National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
''Asasp'' and ''Arros'' on the 1750 Cassini Map


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asasparros Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques