Turkish art refers to all works of

visual art The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile arts ...

originating from the geographical area of what is present day

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

since the arrival of the

Turks Turk or Turks may refer to: Communities and ethnic groups * Turkic peoples, a collection of ethnic groups who speak Turkic languages * Turkish people, or the Turks, a Turkic ethnic group and nation * Turkish citizen, a citizen of the Republic ...

in the Middle Ages. Turkey also was the home of much significant art produced by earlier cultures, including the

Hittites The Hittites () were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing first a kingdom in Kussara (before 1750 BC), then the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom (c. 1750–1650 BC), and next an empire centered on Hattusa in north-centra ...

Ancient Greeks Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity ( AD 600), that comprised a loose collection of cult ...

, and Byzantines. Ottoman art is therefore the dominant element of Turkish art before the 20th century, although the

Seljuks The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; fa, سلجوقیان ''Saljuqian'', alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turk ...

and other earlier Turks also contributed. The 16th and 17th centuries are generally recognized as the finest period for art in the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, much of it associated with the huge Imperial court. In particular the long reign of

Suleiman the Magnificent Suleiman I ( ota, سليمان اول, Süleyman-ı Evvel; tr, I. Süleyman; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the West and Suleiman the Lawgiver ( ota, قانونى سلطان سليمان, Ḳ ...

from 1520 to 1566 brought a combination, rare in any ruling dynasty, of political and military success with strong encouragement of the arts. The ''nakkashane'', as the palace workshops are now generally known, were evidently very important and productive, but though there is a fair amount of surviving documentation, much remains unclear about how they operated. They operated over many different media, but apparently not including pottery or textiles, with the craftsmen or artists apparently a mixture of slaves, especially Persians, captured in war (at least in the early periods), trained Turks, and foreign specialists. They were not necessarily physically located in the palace, and may have been able to undertake work for other clients as well as the sultan. Many specialities were passed from father to son.

Seljuk period

Seljuk architecture Seljuk architecture comprises the building traditions that developed under the Seljuk dynasty, when it ruled most of the Middle East and Anatolia during the 11th to 13th centuries. The Great Seljuk Empire (11th-12th centuries) contributed si ...

involves the building traditions of the

Seljuk dynasty The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; fa, سلجوقیان ''Saljuqian'', alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turk ...

when it ruled most of the Middle East (

Great Seljuk Empire The Great Seljuk Empire, or the Seljuk Empire was a high medieval, culturally Turko-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, founded and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. It spanned a total area of from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to t ...

) and Anatolia ( Sultanate of Rum) between the 11th and 13th centuries. The Great Seljuk Empire contributed significantly to the architecture of

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

and surrounding regions, introducing innovations such as the symmetrical

four-iwan layout An iwan ( fa, ایوان , ar, إيوان , also spelled ivan) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The formal gateway to the iwan is called , a Persian term for a portal projecting ...

and the first widespread creation of state-sponsored learning institutions madrasas. Their buildings were generally constructed in brick, with decoration created using brickwork, tiles, and carved stucco.

Ottoman period

Turkey;_Iznik_-_Two_Tiles_-_Google_Art_Project

Istanbul_asv2020-02_img60_Ortaköy_Mosque

Ottoman architecture Ottoman architecture is the architectural style that developed under the Ottoman Empire. It first emerged in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century and developed from earlier Seljuk Turkish architecture, with influences from Byzantine a ...

developed traditional Islamic styles, with some technical influences from Europe, into a highly sophisticated style, with interiors richly decorated in coloured tiles, seen in palaces, mosques and turbe mausolea. Other forms of art represented developments of earlier

Islamic art Islamic art is a part of Islamic culture and encompasses the visual arts produced since the 7th century CE by people who lived within territories inhabited or ruled by Muslim populations. Referring to characteristic traditions across a wide ra ...

, especially those of Persia, but with a distinct Turkish character. As in Persia,

Chinese porcelain Chinese ceramics show a continuous development since pre-dynastic times and are one of the most significant forms of Chinese art and ceramics globally. The first pottery was made during the Palaeolithic era. Chinese ceramics range from constru ...

was avidly collected by the Ottoman court, and represented another important influence, mainly on decoration.

Ottoman miniature Ottoman miniature ( tr, Osmanlı minyatürü) or Turkish miniature was a Turkish art form in the Ottoman Empire, which can be linked to the Persian miniature tradition, as well as strong Chinese artistic influences. It was a part of the Ottoma ...

and

Ottoman illumination Turkish or Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in ''muraqqa'' or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature. In Turkish it is called “tezhip”, meaning � ...

cover the figurative and non-figurative elements of the decoration of manuscripts, which tend to be treated as distinct genres, though often united in the same manuscript and page. The reign of the Ottomans in the 16th and early 17th centuries introduced the Turkish form of

Islamic calligraphy Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy, in the languages which use Arabic alphabet or the alphabets derived from it. It includes Arabic, Persian, Ottoman, and Urdu calligraphy.Chapman, Caroline (2012). ...

. This art form reached the height of its popularity during the reign of

(1520–66). As decorative as it was communicative,

Diwani Diwani is a calligraphic variety of Arabic script, a cursive style developed during the reign of the early Ottoman Turks (16th century - early 17th century). It reached its height of popularity under Süleyman I the Magnificent (1520–1566) ...

was distinguished by the complexity of the line within the letter and the close juxtaposition of the letters within the word. The

hilya The term ''hilya'' (Arabic , plural: ''ḥilan'', ''ḥulan''; tr, hilye, plural: ) denotes both a visual form in Ottoman art and a religious genre of Ottoman Turkish literature, each dealing with the physical description of Muhammad. Hilya lit ...

is an illuminated sheet with Islamic calligraphy of a description of the Islamic prophet

Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the mo ...

. The

tughra A tughra ( ota, طغرا, ṭuġrā) is a calligraphic monogram, seal or signature of a sultan that was affixed to all official documents and correspondence. Inspired by the tamgha, it was also carved on his seal and stamped on the coins minted ...

is an elaborately stylized formal signature of the sultan, which like the hilya performed some of the functions of portraits in Christian Europe. Book covers were also elaborately decorated. Other important media were in the applied or

decorative arts ] The decorative arts are arts or crafts whose object is the design and manufacture of objects that are both beautiful and functional. It includes most of the arts making objects for the interiors of buildings, and interior design, but not usual ...

rather than figurative work. Pottery, especially

İznik pottery Iznik pottery, or Iznik ware, named after the town of İznik in western Anatolia where it was made, is a decorated ceramic that was produced from the last quarter of the 15th century until the end of the 17th century. İznik was an established ...

, jewellery,

hardstone carving Hardstone carving is a general term in art history and archaeology for the artistic carving of predominantly semi-precious stones (but also of gemstones), such as jade, rock crystal (clear quartz), agate, onyx, jasper, serpentinite, or carneli ...

Turkish carpet Anatolian rug is a term of convenience, commonly used today to denote rugs and carpets woven in Anatolia and its adjacent regions. Geographically, its area of production can be compared to the territories which were historically dominated by the ...

s, woven and embroidered silk textiles were all produced to extremely high standards, and carpets in particular were exported widely. Other Turkish art ranges from metalwork, carved woodwork and furniture with elaborate inlays to traditional ''Ebru'' or

paper marbling Paper marbling is a method of aqueous surface design, which can produce patterns similar to smooth marble or other kinds of stone. The patterns are the result of color floated on either plain water or a viscous solution known as size, and then ca ...

18th to 20th centuries

In the 18th and 19th centuries Turkish art and architecture became more heavily influenced by contemporary European styles, leading to over-elaborated and fussy detail in decoration.Levey, chapters 5 and 6 European-style painting was slow to be adopted, with

Osman Hamdi Bey Osman Hamdi Bey (30 December 1842, in Istanbul 24 February 1910) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman administrator, intellectual, art expert and also a prominent and pioneering painter. He was also an accomplished archaeologist, and is regarded as th ...

(1842–1910) for long a somewhat solitary figure. He was a member of the Ottoman administrative elite who trained in Paris, and painted throughout his long career as a senior administrator and curator in Turkey. Many of his works represent the subjects of Orientalism from the inside, as it were.

20th century and onward

A transition from Islamic artistic traditions under the Ottoman Empire to a more secular, Western orientation has taken place in Turkey. Modern Turkish painters are striving to find their own art forms, free from

Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...

influence Influence or influencer may refer to: *Social influence, in social psychology, influence in interpersonal relationships ** Minority influence, when the minority affect the behavior or beliefs of the majority *Influencer marketing, through individ ...

. Sculpture is less developed, and public monuments are usually heroic representations of Atatürk and events from the war of independence. Literature is considered the most advanced of contemporary Turkish arts.

Gallery

Architecture

File:Çifte_Minareli_Medrese_(Erzurum)_Entrance_8685_(cropped).jpg, Entrance of the Çifte Minareli Medrese in

Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. The city uses the double-headed eagle as ...

(c. 1250) File:Divrigi,N-P1.jpg, Entrance of the Divriği Mosque,

Sivas Sivas (Latin and Greek: ''Sebastia'', ''Sebastea'', Σεβάστεια, Σεβαστή, ) is a city in central Turkey and the seat of Sivas Province. The city, which lies at an elevation of in the broad valley of the Kızılırmak river, is ...

(c. 1229) File:Wooden_building_on_the_Bosphorus.jpg, Istanbul

Yalı A yalı ( tr, yalı, from Greek ''yialí'' (mod. ''yialós''), literally "seashore, beach") is a house or mansion built right on the waterside (almost exclusively seaside, particularly on the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul) and usually built with ...

architecture File:Yalı_in_Kanlıca_on_the_Bosphorus,_Turkey_001.jpg, An example of the Yalı architecture File:20180107_Safranbolu_1945_(39101010504).jpg,

Safranbolu Safranbolu () is a town and district of Karabük Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is about 9 km north of the city of Karabük, north of Ankara and about 100 km south of the Black Sea coast. The town's historic names in Gr ...

, an Ottoman village File:Entrance_to_the_Circumcision_Room_at_Topkapı_Palace.jpg, Iznik Tiles in

Topkapı Palace The Topkapı Palace ( tr, Topkapı Sarayı; ota, طوپقپو سرايى, ṭopḳapu sarāyı, lit=cannon gate palace), or the Seraglio, is a large museum in the east of the Fatih district of Istanbul in Turkey. From the 1460s to the complet ...

File:Turkey (68739605).jpeg, Interior of a dome at

Dolmabahçe Palace Dolmabahçe Palace ( tr, Dolmabahçe Sarayı, ) located in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European coast of the Bosporus strait, served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 and from 1909 t ...

File:BeyazıtCami1.jpg, The Bayezid II Mosque File:Exterior of Sultan Ahmed I Mosque, (old name P1020390.jpg).jpg, Blue Mosque in

Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...

, an example of the

classical style Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, or sometimes even more specifically, from the works of the Roman architect V ...

File:Sehzade_mosque_tombs_DSCF6289.jpg, Exterior of

Şehzade Mehmed Şehzade Mehmed ( ota, شہزادہ محمد; 31 October 1522 – 7 November 1543) was an Ottoman prince ('' şehzade''), the son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his wife Hurrem Sultan. He served as governor of Manisa. Life Şehzade Me ...

tomb ''(

türbe ''Türbe'' is the Turkish word for "tomb". In Istanbul it is often used to refer to the mausolea of the Ottoman sultans and other nobles and notables. The word is derived from the Arabic ''turbah'' (meaning ''"soil/ground/earth"''), which ...

)'' in the cemetery of

Şehzade Mosque The Şehzade Mosque ( tr, Şehzade Camii, from the original Persian شاهزاده ''Šāhzādeh'', meaning "prince") is a 16th-century Ottoman imperial mosque located in the district of Fatih, on the third hill of Istanbul, Turkey. It was com ...

File:FatihBelediyeBinası.jpg, Old Fatih Municipality Building File:LimanHan.jpg, Liman Han (inn)

Calligraphy

File:Abdurrahman_Hilmi_-_Meşk_(calligraphy_exercise)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg, Sample training of Abdul Rahman Hilmi, ink, colours and gold on paper File:Copied_by_Mehmed_Şevki_Efendi_-_Qur’an_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg, Gold illuminated two opening chapters of the Holy Koran by Mehmed Şevki Efendi File:Ahmet_Karahisari_001.jpg, Illuminated first page of Sura

al-Baqara Al-Baqara, alternatively transliterated Al-Baqarah ( ar, الْبَقَرَة, ; "The Heifer" or "The Cow"), is the second and longest chapter ('' surah'') of the Quran. It consists of 286 verses ('' āyāt'') which begin with the "mysterio ...

by calligrapher Ahmet Karahisari File:Description_of_the_Prophet_(Hilya_al-nabi),_by_Hafiz_Osman_(CBL_T_559.4).jpg,

Description Description is the pattern of narrative development that aims to make vivid a place, object, character, or group. Description is one of four rhetorical modes (also known as ''modes of discourse''), along with exposition, argumentation, and narra ...

of the

Prophet Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monoth ...

by calligrapher Hafız Osman (1642–1698) File:Tugra Mahmuds II.gif, A step by step animation of the

of Sultan

Mahmud II Mahmud II ( ota, محمود ثانى, Maḥmûd-u s̠ânî, tr, II. Mahmud; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. His reign is recognized for the extensive administrative, ...

File:Tughra_Suleiman.jpg, Decorated tughra of

Suleyman the Magnificent Suleiman I ( ota, سليمان اول, Süleyman-ı Evvel; tr, I. Süleyman; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the West and Suleiman the Lawgiver ( ota, قانونى سلطان سليمان, Ḳ� ...

(1520) File:Berat_za_imam_vo_Sultan_Mehmed_dzamija_vo_Ohrid.jpg, A decree with royal tughra on top for appointing second imam in the Mehmed Sultan Mosque in

Ohrid Ohrid ( mk, Охрид ) is a city in North Macedonia and is the seat of the Ohrid Municipality. It is the largest city on Lake Ohrid and the List of cities in North Macedonia, eighth-largest city in the country, with the municipality recording ...

Republic of Macedonia North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Yugoslavia. It ...

File:Blaue_Moschee_Kuppel_schräg.jpg, Main dome of the Blue Mosque with calligraphy inscriptions File:İstanbul-Topkapı_palace._-_panoramio.jpg, The testimony of faith (top) and tughras (right and left) inscribed on the entrance to a building at Topkapi Palace, Istanbul

Ottoman Illumination

File:Ottoman_Single-volume_Qur'an_(TIEM_224).jpg, Single-volume Qur’an. Copied by Khalil Allah ibn Mahmud Shah, illuminated by Muhammad ibn Ali File:Page_from_Ottoman_Qur'an_(TIEM_30.2a).jpg, Page from Ottoman Qur'an. Ink, color, and gold on paper. Probably

Edirne Edirne (, ), formerly known as Adrianople or Hadrianopolis ( Greek: Άδριανούπολις), is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders ...

File:Hilye-i_Şerif_Anthology_(SHM_10602).jpg, Hilye-i Şerif Anthology, early 19th century in Sadberk Hanım Museum File:Qur'an_copied_by_Abdullah_Zühdi.jpg, Qur'an copied by Abdullah Zühdi File:Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_cal_0353.2.jpg, The name 'Muhammad' is written in mirrored

thuluth ''Thuluth'' ( ar, ثُلُث, ' or ar, خَطُّ الثُّلُثِ, '; fa, ثلث, ''Sols''; Turkish: ''Sülüs'', from ' "one-third") is a script variety of Islamic calligraphy. The straight angular forms of Kufic were replaced in the new s ...

script, and filled with Qur'anic verses in ghubar File:Hilye-i_Şerif._Unknown,_circa_1725_(SHM_15501).jpg, Hilye-i Şerif. Unknown, Ottoman, circa 1725 in Sadberk Hanım Museum File:Double_page_from_the_"Divan-i_Muhibbi"_(IÜ_Ktp._T.5467_ff._359b-360a).jpg, "Divan-i Muhibbi",Calligraphy in nastaliq by Mehmed Şerif, illumination by Kara Memi, Istanbul, 1566

Miniature

File:Ottoman_official,_Turkey,_Istanbul,_c._1650,_ink,_watercolour,_gold_on_paper_-_Aga_Khan_Museum_-_Toronto,_Canada_-_DSC06822.jpg, An Ottoman official

miniature A miniature is a small-scale reproduction, or a small version. It may refer to: * Portrait miniature, a miniature portrait painting * Miniature art, miniature painting, engraving and sculpture * Miniature (chess), a masterful chess game or probl ...

File:Battle_of_Mezőkeresztes_1596.jpg, Miniature depiction of the Battle of Mezőkeresztes, Hungary (1596) File:Capture_of_Buda,_1526.jpg, Capture of Buda (1526) File:French_fleet_with_Barbarossa_at_the_Siege_of_Nice_1543.jpg, Miniature depicting the

Siege of Nice The siege of Nice occurred in 1543 and was part of the Italian War of 1542–46 in which Francis I and Suleiman the Magnificent collaborated as part of the Franco-Ottoman alliance against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and Henry VIII of Eng ...

, France (1543) by

Matrakçı Nasuh Nasuh bin Karagöz bin Abdullah el-Visokavi el-Bosnavî, commonly known as Matrakçı Nasuh (; ) for his competence in the combat sport of ''Matrak'' which was invented by himself, (also known as ''Nasuh el-Silâhî'', ''Nasuh the Swordsman'', ...

File:Matrakçı_Nasuh_Miyaneh_Map.JPG, 16th century map of Miyaneh by Matrakçı Nasuh File:Manisa.jpg, The city of

Manisa Manisa (), historically known as Magnesia, is a city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province. Modern Manisa is a booming center of industry and services, advantaged by its closeness to the international port ci ...

, with the Manisa Palace built by Sultan

Murad II Murad II ( ota, مراد ثانى, Murād-ı sānī, tr, II. Murad, 16 June 1404 – 3 February 1451) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1444 and again from 1446 to 1451. Murad II's reign was a period of important economic deve ...

File:Selim_II_ascends_to_the_throne_-_B.jpg, Selim II ascends to the throne File:Topkapi_Sarayi_in_time_of_Selim_I_-_right.jpg, Topkapı Palace during the reign of

Selim I Selim I ( ota, سليم الأول; tr, I. Selim; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute ( tr, links=no, Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite las ...

File:Surname-ı_Hümayun_fireworks.png, Use of fireworks during the celebrations. File:Surname-ı_Hümayun_acrobacy.png, Acrobats during celebrations File:Surname-ı_Hümayun_parade.png, Ships of parade

Painting

File:Osman_Hamdi_Bey_-_Two_Musician_Girls_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg, Two Musician Girls by

File:Osman Hamdi Bey - The Tortoise Trainer - Google Art Project.jpg, The Tortoise Trainer by Osman Hamdi Bey, 1906 File:Osman_hamdy_bey,_vecchio_davanti_alle_tombe_di_bambini,_1903.JPG, Work by Osman Hamdi Bey File:Osman_Hamdi_Bey_-_Arzuhalci_,_Public_Scribe_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg, Arzuhalci by Osman Hamdi Bey File:OttomanNavy.jpg, Ottoman Navy at

Ortaköy Ortaköy ( ''Middle Village)'' is a neighbourhood within the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European shore of the Bosphorus. it was originally a small fishing village, known in Greek as Agios Fokas (Άγιος Φωκάς) in t ...

in Painting Museum of

Sculpture

File:20220620163423!Güzel_İstanbul_Heykeli.jpg, Güzel İstanbul by Gürdal Duyar File:Akdeniz_Heykeli,_Yapı_Kredi_Kültür_Sanat.jpg, Akdeniz by İlhan Koman File:Ilhan_Koman_Vattenvirveln.JPG, Water Swirl by İlhan Koman File:Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars,_Turkey.jpg, Statue of Humanity by Mehmet Aksoy File:Efe's_Love.jpg, Efenin Aşkı by Hüseyin Gezer

Tiles

File:Cem_Sultan_tomb_7954.jpg, Cem Sultan tomb in Bursa, the first official capital of the Ottoman Empire File:Topkapi_circumcision_room_tiles_DSCF2278.jpg, Tiles of the

circumcision Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis. In the most common form of the operation, the foreskin is extended with forceps, then a circumcision device may be placed, after which the foreskin is excised. Top ...

room at Topkapi Palace File:Topkapi_circumcision_room_tiles_DSCF2350.jpg, Tiles of the circumcision room at Topkapi Palace File:Harem_entrance_Topkapi_Istanbul_2007_73.JPG, The entrance to the

Harem Harem ( Persian: حرمسرا ''haramsarā'', ar, حَرِيمٌ ''ḥarīm'', "a sacred inviolable place; harem; female members of the family") refers to domestic spaces that are reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family. A har ...

at Topkapi Palace File:Istanbul_asv2020-02_img15_Topkapı_Palace.jpg, Eunuchs' Courtyard in Harem of Topkapı Palace File:Dome_of_the_Rock,_Facade_(2008)_01.jpg, Tile decoration on the Dome of the Rock, added during Sultan Suleiman's reign File:Tiles_of_the_Rüstem_Paşa_Mosque_(6424912727).jpg, Tiles of the

Rüstem Pasha Rüstem Pasha (; ota, رستم پاشا; 1505 – 10 July 1561) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier to Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. Rüstem Pasha is also known as Damat Rüstem Pasha (the epithet '' damat'' meaning 'son ...

Mosque File:DSC04138_Istanbul_-_Rüstem_Pasha_camii_-_Foto_G._Dall'Orto_26-5-2006.jpg, Tiles of the Rüstem Paşa Mosque File:Rüstem_Pasha_mosque_tiles_-_single_tile.jpg, Tiles of the Rüstem Paşa Mosque File:Tile_Iznik_Met_64.27.17.jpg, Iznik (ancient Nicea) tiles File:Turkey;_Iznik_-_Two_Tiles_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg, Iznik (ancient Nicea) tiles File:Final_Topikapi_Imperial_Council_Second_Courtyrd_Tile.svg, Tiles of the Imperial Council Second Courtyard

Handcraft

File:Minbar of the Divrigi Mosque DSCF2721.jpg, The carved wood minbar of the

Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital ( tr, Divriği Ulu Cami ve Darüşşifası) is a mosque and hospital complex built in 1228–1229 by the local dynasty of the Mengujekids in the small Anatolian town of Divriği, now in Sivas Province, Turkey. T ...

, an example of Seljuk handicraft File:Konya_Alaeddin_Mosque_minbar_DSCF7828.jpg, Minbar of the Alaeddin Mosque in

Konya Konya () is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium (), although the Seljuks also called it ...

, dated to 1155-1156. This minbar is a prime example of the ''kündekâri'' technique, in which many interlocking pieces of wood are held together without the use of nails, pins, or glue. File:Konya_Alaeddin_Mosque_minbar_DSCF7806.jpg, Individual pieces are carved with vegetal arabesque motifs within the wider geometric motif formed by the different pieces. File:Bergama_rug_18th_C.JPG,

Bergama Bergama is a populous district, as well as the center city of the same district, in İzmir Province in western Turkey. By excluding İzmir's metropolitan area, it is one of the prominent districts of the province in terms of population and is l ...

rug File:9Double-Niche Carpet LACMA M.2004.32 (cropped).jpg, Anatolian double-niche rug, Konya region, circa 1750–1800 File:Inside_the_Harem,_Topkapi_Palace,_Istanbul,_Turkey_(Nov_2009).jpg, A room at

, carpet with a small-pattern "Holbein" design File:Topkapı_Palace_Twin_Kiosok_2007.JPG, Stained glass windows at Topkapı Palace

Fashion

File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg, Emperor Suleiman File:Sultan_Abdulmecid_Pera_Museum_3_b.jpg, Sultan Abdul Majid, Pera Museum File:Turkish_traditional_fashion6.jpg, Turkish model at a fashion show, Brussels, Belgium File:Turkish_traditional_fashion4.jpg, Turkish model at a fashion show, Brussels, Belgium File:Ralamb-114.jpg, Military Pictures from the Ralamb Costume Book, 1657 File:Coat_(left),_Turkey,_early_1900s,_silk,_cotton,_with_skirt_(right),_Syria,_late_1800s,_silk,_cotton_-_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum_-_DSC00338.jpg, Womens' dress, late 1800s, Syria (right) and coat from early 1900s, silk and cotton (left), exhibit in the Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Cologne, Germany File:Le_costume_historique._Cinq_cents_planches,_trois_cents_en_couleurs,_or_et_argent,_deux_cents_en_camaieu._Types_principaux_du_vêtement_et_de_la_parure,_rapprochés_de_ceux_de_l%27intérieur_de_(14577511419).jpg, Historical Turkish costumes, 1880s, Smithsonian Libraries File:Ascibashi_of_the_Janissaries_in_ceremonial_uniform.jpg, Ashjibashi (head cook) of the Janissaries in ceremonial uniform File:Kul_Kethüdası.jpg, The ''Kul Kethüdası'', commander of the third division of the Janissaries File:Silahdar_Agha,_sword-bearer_of_the_Sultan.jpg, Silahdar Agha, sword-bearer of the Sultan File:Şehzade.jpg, A ''

Şehzade ''Şehzade'' ( fa, شهزاده) is the Ottoman form of the Persian title '' Shahzadeh'', and refers to the male descendants of an Ottoman sovereign in the male line. This title is equivalent to " prince of the blood imperial" in English. Origi ...

'', Ottoman prince of the blood

Dance

File:Mehter march.jpg, A modern

Ottoman military band Ottoman military bands are the oldest recorded military marching band in the world. Though they are often known by the word ''Mehter'' ( ota, مهتر, plural: مهتران ''mehterân''; from "senior" in Persian) in West Europe, that word, pr ...

(''mehter'') troop File:Turkish Folk Dance Team.jpg, A traditional Turkish folk dance team File:18th_International_Folklore_Festival_2012,_Plovdiv_(Bulgaria)_-_Turkish_dance_group_01.jpg, Turkish Belly Dance at the 18th International Folklore Festival, 2012, Plovdiv, Bulgaria File:18th_International_Folklore_Festival_2012,_Plovdiv_(Bulgaria)_-_Turkish_dance_group_12.jpg, A children's' folk dance team from the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

region File:18th_International_Folklore_Festival_2012,_Plovdiv_(Bulgaria)_-_Turkish_dance_group_22.jpg, Turkish dance group File:18th_International_Folklore_Festival_2012,_Plovdiv_(Bulgaria)_-_Turkish_dance_group_34.jpg, Turkish dance group File:Zeybek.jpg, Zeybek Dancer

Notes

References

* Levey, Michael; ''The World of Ottoman Art'', 1975, Thames & Hudson, * Rawson, Jessica, ''Chinese Ornament: The Lotus and the Dragon'', 1984, British Museum Publications, *Rogers J.M. and Ward R.M.; ''Süleyman the Magnificent'', 1988, British Museum Publications