commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to:
Administrative-territorial entities
* Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township
** Communes of ...
in the
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlant ...
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by ...
region of south-western
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
.
The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Arouetarrak''.
Soule
Soule (Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; Occitan: ''Sola'') is a former viscounty and French province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département''. It is divided into two cantons of the arrond ...
some 10 km east of Saint-Palais and 10 km south of Sauveterre-de-Béarn. Access to the commune is by the D11 road from Domezain-Berraute in the west passing through the west fork of the commune then Etcharry then the east fork and the village before continuing south-east to
Charritte-de-Bas
Charritte-de-Bas (; eu, Sarrikotape)SARRIKOTAPE Auñamendi Encyclopedia, Auñamendi Eusko ...
. The commune is mixed forest and farmland.Google Maps /ref>
Located in the
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
of the Adour, the commune is traversed from south to north by the ''Lafoure'' (a tributary of the
Saison
Saison (French, "season," ) is a pale ale that is highly carbonated, fruity, spicy, and often bottle conditioned. It was historically brewed with low alcohol levels, but modern productions of the style have moderate to high levels of alcohol. ...
) with its tributary the ''Hourquet'' and the ''Lauhirasse'' with its tributary the ''Thiancoenia erreka''.
basque
Basque may refer to:
* Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France
* Basque language, their language
Places
* Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France
* Basque Country (autonomous co ...
is ''Arüe-Ithorrotze-Olhaibi''.
Jean-Baptiste Orpustan indicated that ''Ithorots'' possibly signified "source of cold water" and ''Olhaïby'' "the ford of the huts".
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
Sources:
*Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, '' New Basque Toponymy'' ref name="Orpustan">Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, ''New Basque Toponymy'' Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, on the page numbers indicated in the table.
*
Raymond
Raymond is a male given name. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ ( ...
Soule
Soule (Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; Occitan: ''Sola'') is a former viscounty and French province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département''. It is divided into two cantons of the arrond ...
*Luntz:
*Military: Military Inspection of BéarnManuscript from 1376 in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
*Languedoc: Confessions of LanguedocConfessions of Languedoc in the Archives of the Empire )
*Reformation: Reformation of BéarnManuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
*Arthez-Lasalle: Titles of Arthez-LassalleTitles of the Arthez-Lassalle family at Tardets
History
Paul Raymond noted on page 11 of his 1863 dictionary that Aroue was one of the seven districts of Soule and depended on the ''messagerie'' of Barhoue. There was a
Lay Abbey
Lay may refer to:
Places
*Lay Range, a subrange of mountains in British Columbia, Canada
*Lay, Loire, a French commune
* Lay (river), France
* Lay, Iran, a village
*Lay, Kansas, United States, an unincorporated community
People
* Lay (surname)
...
at Ithorots, vassal of the Viscounts of Soule. The fief of Olhaïby was a vassal of the Viscounts of Soule and its owner was one of ten ''potestats'' of Soule.
The commune had a "Temple of Reason" during the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
, undoubtedly because in the Béarnais region, Aroue was the only Basque commune to adopt the Jacobin anti-religion policy.
Between 1790 and 1794 Ithorots commune was merged with Olhaïby to form the new commune of Ithorots-Olhaïby. On 1 August 1973 (by prefectural order of 20 July 1973), the commune of Aroue merged with Ithorots-Olhaïby to form the new commune of Aroue-Ithorots-Olhaïby.
Administration
List of Successive Mayors
Inter-communality
The commune is part of eight inter-communal structures:
* the
Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque
The communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque ( eu, Euskal Hirigune Elkargoa), is the ''communauté d'agglomération'', an intercommunal structure, centred on the cities of Bayonne and Biarritz. It is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques depa ...
;
* the AEP association of Pays de Mixe;
* the AEP association of Pays de Soule;
* the educational regrouping association of Arbérats-Sillègue, Arbouet-Sussaute, Aroue, and Etcharry;
* the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
* the inter-communal association for the functioning of schools in Amikuze;
* the joint forestry association for oaks in the Basque and béarnais valleys;
* the association to support Basque culture.
Demography
In 2017 the commune had 240 inhabitants. The population data given in the table and graph below for 1968 and earlier refer to the former commune of Aroue.
Economy
The town is part of the
Appellation d'origine contrôlée
An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication primarily used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown, although other types of food often have appellations as well. Restrictions other than geographical bou ...
(AOC) zone of
Ossau-iraty
Ossau-Iraty is an Occitan- Basque cheese made from sheep milk.
Origin
Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in B ...
.
Culture and Heritage
Civil heritage
The village has architecture typical of the eastern Basque Country: gable roofs covered with tiles, whitewashed walls with houses from the 16th century.
As in many Basque villages, the fronton is adjacent to the church.
Religious heritage
Two churches are registered as historical monuments:
*The Church of Saint-Étienne at Aroue (12th century) is a Romanesque church rebuilt in the 19th century. There is a sculpture from the 12th century of Saint Jacques on a horse and a Spanish image of "Matamoro".
*The Church of Saint-Samson at Ithorots (19th century)
*The Church at Olhaïby has several items that are registered as historical objects:
**A
Retable
A retable is a structure or element placed either on or immediately behind and above the altar or communion table of a church. At the minimum it may be a simple shelf for candles behind an altar, but it can also be a large and elaborate structur ...
over the main altar (18th century)
**A Candlestick (17th century)
**An altar cross (18th century)
**A
tabernacle
According to the Hebrew Bible, the tabernacle ( he, מִשְׁכַּן, mīškān, residence, dwelling place), also known as the Tent of the Congregation ( he, link=no, אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, ’ōhel mō‘ēḏ, also Tent of Meeting, etc.), ...
at the main altar (18th century)
**A candlestick (18th century)
**Statuettes (18th century)
**A Painting: The Martyrdom of Saints Cyr and Judith (18th century)
**A Tabernacle, Retable, 2 Candlesticks, Statues, Altar Cross, and Painting (18th century)
**A Processional Cross (18th century)Ministry of Culture, Palissy
Environmental heritage
The town lies on the GR 65. It is at the beginning of the 7th section of the GR which is listed by
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
as
World Heritage
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
. The presentation file to UNESCO locates the commune on the
Via Podiensis
The Via Podiensis or the Le Puy Route is one of the four routes through France on the pilgrimage to the tomb of St. James the Great in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia in northwest Spain. It leaves from Le-Puy-en-Velay and crosses the countryside ...
on the Way of St. James. There is no real historical justification for this but it is an important fact for this small town. Justification was found by Dr. Urrutibetehy, the pioneer who traced the paths in the region (it was he who set up the so-called ''Stele of Gibraltar'' and made a point of convergence of these paths). He saw in the horseman shown on the lintel of the door of the sacristy, a representation of Saint Jacques Matamoros.
*[http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-0.9164,43.3192&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes Aroue-Ithorots-Olhaïby on Géoportail], Institut géographique national, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website ''Aroüe'', ''Ittorrotz'', and ''Olliaybi'' on the 1750 Cassini Map
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Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques