Archibald Livingston McDougall (1817 – June 23, 1864) was an officer in the

Union Army During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Northern Army, referring to the United States Army, was the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. It proved essential to th ...

during the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states ...

who commanded the 123rd New York Volunteer Infantry early in the war and subsequently led a

brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that typically comprises three to six battalions plus supporting elements. It is roughly equivalent to an enlarged or reinforced regiment. Two or more brigades may constitute a division. B ...

at the

Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg () was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. In the battle, Union Major General George Meade's Army of the Po ...

Biography

Archibald Livingston McDougall was born in 1817 near East Greenwich in Washington County, New York. In 1848, McDougall married Mary Blanchard (b.1826), with whom he had five children: John (b.1849), William (1854-1886), Mary (b.1856), Jennie McDougall Davison (b.1859), and Grace McDougall Law (b.1861). He worked as a lawyer in Pennsylvania and New York before enlisting for military service in September 1862, during the American Civil War. McDougall was appointed

colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge o ...

of Company S of the 123rd New York on July 26, 1862. His regiment joined the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division,

XII Corps 12th Corps, Twelfth Corps, or XII Corps may refer to: * 12th Army Corps (France) * XII Corps (Grande Armée), a corps of the Imperial French Army during the Napoleonic Wars * XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps, a unit of the Imperial German Army * XII ...

under Alpheus Williams in time for the

Battle of Chancellorsville The Battle of Chancellorsville, April 30 – May 6, 1863, was a major battle of the American Civil War (1861–1865), and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville campaign. Chancellorsville is known as Lee's "perfect battle" because h ...

. After Chancellorsville, the remaining units of the 2nd Brigade were amalgamated into the 1st Brigade of Brig. Gen. Joseph F. Knipe. When Knipe went on convalescent leave because of an old wound, McDougall became acting brigade commander. He commanded the brigade on the march of XII Corps north that began on June 13, 1863. His brigade served on

Culp's Hill Culp's Hill,. The modern U.S. Geographic Names System refers to "Culps Hill". which is about south of the center of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, played a prominent role in the Battle of Gettysburg. It consists of two rounded peaks, separated by a ...

, except when it went to the left flank of the army late on July 2, 1863, to help stop the Confederate advance. When they returned to the right flank, McDougall's men almost collided with Confederate troops who had occupied part of Culp's Hill. Knipe returned to XII Corps after Gettysburg, and McDougall rejoined his regiment. He did file a report on his brigade's actions at Gettysburg.McDougall's Official Report for Gettysburg
/ref> When Maj. Gen.

Joseph Hooker Joseph Hooker (November 13, 1814 – October 31, 1879) was an American Civil War general for the Union, chiefly remembered for his decisive defeat by Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863. Hooker had serv ...

took XII Corps and two divisions of

XI Corps 11 Corps, 11th Corps, Eleventh Corps, or XI Corps may refer to: * 11th Army Corps (France) * XI Corps (Grande Armée), a unit of the Imperial French Army during the Napoleonic Wars * XI Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army * ...

to the relief of the

Army of the Cumberland The Army of the Cumberland was one of the principal Union armies in the Western Theater during the American Civil War. It was originally known as the Army of the Ohio. History The origin of the Army of the Cumberland dates back to the creation ...

, besieged in Chattanooga, Williams’ division was assigned to guard supply lines. Thus it missed the battles in which Brig. Gen. John W. Geary’s 2nd Division participated. McDougall's regiment joined the new XX Corps in the Army of the Cumberland. He was wounded in the leg at the

Battle of New Hope Church The Battle of New Hope Church (May 25–26, 1864) was a clash between the Union Army under Major General William T. Sherman and the Confederate Army of Tennessee led by General Joseph E. Johnston during the Atlanta Campaign of the American ...

, Georgia on May 25, 1864. Surgeons amputated the leg, but McDougall died on June 23, 1864, at an officers’ hospital in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

References

* Dyer, Frederick H., ''Compendium of the War of the Rebellion'', 3 vols., New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959. * Greene, A. Wilson, "'A Step All-Important and essential to Victory': Henry W. Slocum and the Twelfth Corps on July 1–2, 1863," in ''Three Days at Gettysburg: Essays on Confederate and Union Leadership'', ed.

Gary W. Gallagher Gary William Gallagher is an American historian specializing in the history of the American Civil War. Gallagher is currently the John L. Nau III Professor in the History of the American Civil War at the University of Virginia. He produced a ...

, Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1999, pp. 169–203. * Pfanz, Harry W., ''Gettysburg: Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill'', University of North Carolina Press, 1993, . hotograph of McDougall on p. 231

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:McDougall, Archibald L. Union Army colonels People of New York (state) in the American Civil War Union military personnel killed in the American Civil War 1817 births 1864 deaths