The Archdiocese of Paris (

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...

: ''Archidioecesis Parisiensis'';

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

: ''Archidiocèse de Paris'') is a

Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade of the Archbasilica of St. John in Lateran , caption = Archbasilica of Saint Jo ...

ecclesiastical jurisdiction or

archdiocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associat ...

of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. It is one of twenty-three archdioceses in France. The original diocese is traditionally thought to have been created in the 3rd century by St. Denis and corresponded with the Civitas Parisiorum; it was elevated to an archdiocese on October 20, 1622. Before that date the bishops were

suffragan A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations. In the Anglican Communion, a suffragan bishop is a bishop who is subordinate to a metropolitan bishop or diocesan bishop (bishop ordinary) and so is not normally jurisdiction ...

to the

archbishops of Sens In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdioc ...

History

Its

suffragan diocese A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandri ...

s, created in 1966 and encompassing the Île-de-France region, are

Créteil Créteil () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Créteil is the ''préfecture'' (capital) of the Val-de-Marne department as well as the seat of the Arrondissement of Cr� ...

, Evry-Corbeil-Essonnes,

Meaux Meaux () is a Communes of France, commune on the river Marne (river), Marne in the Seine-et-Marne Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in the Functional area (France), metropolitan area of Paris, Franc ...

Nanterre Nanterre (, ) is the prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department in the western suburbs of Paris. It is located some northwest of the centre of Paris. In 2018, the commune had a population of 96,807. The eastern part of Nanterre, bordering t ...

Pontoise Pontoise () is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris, in the "new town" of Cergy-Pontoise. Administration Pontoise is the official ''préfecture'' (capital) of the Val-d'Oise ''dép ...

, Saint-Denis, and

Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, ...

. Its

liturgical Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. ''Liturgy'' can also be used to refer specifically to public worship by Christians. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and partic ...

centre is at

Notre-Dame Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris (; meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the Seine River), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral, dedicated to th ...

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

. The archbishop resides on rue Barbet de Jouy in the 6th arrondissement, but there are diocesan offices in rue de la Ville-Eveque, rue St. Bernard and in other areas of the city. The archbishop is ordinary for

Eastern Catholics The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Eastern Rite Catholicism, or simply the Eastern Churches, are 23 Eastern Christian autonomous ('' sui iuris'') particular churches of ...

(except

Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...

and

Ukrainians Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Ort ...

) in France. The title of Duc de Saint-Cloud was created in 1674 for the archbishops. Prior to 1790 the diocese was divided into three

archdeacon An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that of mo ...

ries: France,

Hurepoix Hurepoix () is an area of the Île-de-France, to the southwest of Paris, situated between the departments of Yvelines, Hauts-de-Seine and Essonne. It was an old province of the French Kingdom and the main city was Dourdan. Geography This area i ...

Brie Brie (; ) is a soft cow's-milk cheese named after Brie, the French region from which it originated (roughly corresponding to the modern ''département'' of Seine-et-Marne). It is pale in color with a slight grayish tinge under a rind of white mo ...

. Until the creation of new dioceses in 1966 there were two archdeaconries: Madeleine and St. Séverin. The reform reduced the diocese's size, losing the dioceses of

Chartres Chartres () is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as def ...

Orléans Orléans (;"Orleans"
(US) and Blois Blois ( ; ) is a commune and the capital city of Loir-et-Cher department, in Centre-Val de Loire, France, on the banks of the lower Loire river between Orléans and Tours. With 45,898 inhabitants by 2019, Blois is the most populated city of the ...

. The churches of the current diocese can be divided into several categories: i)

parishes. These are grouped into

deaneries A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residenc ...

and subject to vicars-general who often coincide with auxiliary bishops. ii) Churches belonging to religious communities. iii) Chapels for various foreign communities using various languages. iv) Eastern-Church parishes and communities throughout France dependent on the Archbishop as Ordinary of the Ordinariate of France, Faithful of Eastern Rites.

Bishops of Paris

To 1000

* ?–c. 250: Denis (died c. 250), believed to be the first bishop of Paris * Mallon * Masse * Marcus * Adventus * c. 346:

Victorinus Marcus Piavonius VictorinusSome of the inscriptions record his name as M. Piavvonius Victorinus, as does the first release of coins from the Colonia mint. A mosaic from Augusta Treverorum (Trier) lists him as Piaonius. was emperor in the Gallic ...

* c. 360: Paulus * ?–417?:

Prudentius Aurelius Prudentius Clemens () was a Roman Christian poet, born in the Roman province of Tarraconensis (now Northern Spain) in 348.H. J. Rose, ''A Handbook of Classical Literature'' (1967) p. 508 He probably died in the Iberian Peninsula some ti ...

* 360–436: Marcellus * ???–??: Vivianus (Vivien) * ???–??: Felix * ???–??: Flavianus * ???–??: Ursicianus * ???–??: Apedinus * ???–??: Heraclius (511 - c. 525?) * ???–??: Probatius * 533–545: Amelius * 545–552: Saffarace * um 550: Eusebius I * 550–576: Germanus * 576–591: Ragnemod * um 592: Eusebius II * ???–??: Faramonde * um 601: Simplicius * 606–621:

Ceraunus Ceraunus (Céran) (died 614) was the Bishop of Paris. His relics In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint ...

/Ceran * Gendulf * 625–626: Leudébert (Léodebert) * ?-650: Audobertus * 650–661: Landericus (Landry) * 6661–663: Chrodobertus * ???–??: Sigebrand († 664) * ???–666: Importunus * 666–680:

Agilbert Agilbert ( 650–680) was the second bishop of the West Saxon kingdom and later Bishop of Paris. He is venerated as a saint within the Catholic Church, with his feast day falling on 11 October. The date and place of Agilbert's birth are unknow ...

* 690–692: Sigefroi * 693–698: Turnoald * ???–??: Adulphe * ???–??: Bernechaire († 722) * 722–730: Hugh of Champagne * ???–??: Agilbert * ???–??: Merseidus * ???–??: Fédole * ???–??: Ragnecapt * ???–??: Radbert * ???–??: Madalbert (Maubert) * 757-775: Déodefroi * 775–795: Eschenradus * ???–??: Ermanfroi (809?) * 811–831: Inchad * 831/2–857: Erchanrad II. * 858–870:

Aeneas In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas (, ; from ) was a Trojan hero, the son of the Trojan prince Anchises and the Greek goddess Aphrodite (equivalent to the Roman Venus). His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy (both being grandsons ...

* 871–883: Ingelvin * 884–886: Goslin * 886–911: Anscharic (Chancellor 892, 894–896 and 900–910) * 911–922: Theodulphe * 922–926: Fulrad * 927-c. 935: Adelhelme * 937–941: Walter I., son of

Raoul Tourte __NOTOC__ Raoul is a French variant of the male given name Ralph or Rudolph, and a cognate of Raul. Raoul may also refer to: Given name * Raoul Berger, American legal scholar * Raoul Bova, Italian actor * Radulphus Brito (Raoul le Breton, died ...

* c. 954: Constantius * 950–977: Albert of Flanders * ???–??: Garin * 979–980: Rainald I. (Renaud) * 984–989: Lisiard († 19. April 989) * 991–992: Gislebert (Engelbert) († 992) * 991–1017: Renaud of Vendôme

1000 to 1300

* 1061–1095: Godfrey * 1096–1101: Guillaume de Montfort * 1104–1116: Galo/Walo * 1116–1123: Guibert * c.1123–1141: Stephen of Senlis * c.1143–1159: Theobald * 1159–1160:

Peter Lombard Peter Lombard (also Peter the Lombard, Pierre Lombard or Petrus Lombardus; 1096, Novara – 21/22 July 1160, Paris), was a scholastic theologian, Bishop of Paris, and author of '' Four Books of Sentences'' which became the standard textbook of ...

* 1160–1196:

Maurice de Sully Maurice de Sully (died 11 September 1196) was Bishop of Paris from 1160 until his retirement in 1196. He was responsible for the construction of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. Biography He was born to poor parents at Sully-sur-Loire (Soliacum), near ...

* 1196–1208: Odo de Sully * 1208–1219: Pierre de La Chapelle (Peter of Nemours) * 1220–1223: William of Seignelay,

Guillaume de Seignelay Guillaume may refer to: People * Guillaume (given name), the French equivalent of William * Guillaume (surname) Other uses * Guillaume (crater) See also * '' Chanson de Guillaume'', an 11th or 12th century poem * Guillaume affair, a Cold War ...

(previously

bishop of Auxerre The diocese of Auxerre ( la, dioecesis Antissiodorensis) is a former French Roman Catholic diocese. Its historical episcopal see was in the city of Auxerre in Burgundy (region), Burgundy, now part of eastern France. Currently the non-metropolitan ...

) * 1224–1227: Barthélmy * 1228–1249:

William of Auvergne William of Auvergne (1180/90–1249) was a French theologian and philosopher who served as Bishop of Paris from 1228 until his death. He was one of the first western European philosophers to engage with and comment extensively upon Aristotelian ...

* 1249–1249: Walter de Château-Thierry (June to 23 September) ( Gautier de Château-Thierry) * 1250–1268: Renaud Mignon de Corbeil * 1268–1279:

Étienne Tempier Étienne Tempier (; also known as Stephanus of Orleans; died 3 September 1279) was a French bishop of Paris during the 13th century. He was Chancellor of the Sorbonne from 1263 to 1268, and bishop of Paris from 1268 until his death. He is best r ...

* 1280–1280: Jean de Allodio (23 March 1280) * 1280–1288: Renaud de Hombliéres * c.1289: Adenolfus de Anagnia * 1290–1304: Simon Matifort (Matifardi)

1300 to 1500

* 1304–1319: Guillaume de Baufet * 1319–1325: Etienne de Bouret * 1325–1332: Hugues Michel * 1332–1342: Guillaume de Chanac (d. 1348) * 1342–1349:

Foulques de Chanac Foulques de Chanac (died 25 July 1349) was Bishop of Paris from 28 November 1342 until his death. The previous bishop was Guillaume de Chanac, uncle of Foulques de Chanac. When Guillaume left the bishopric to become Latin Patriarch of Alexandria h ...

* 1349–1350: Audoin-Aubert * 1350–1352: Pierre de Lafôret * 1353–1363: Jean de Meulent (also

Bishop of Noyon The former French Catholic diocese of Noyon lay in the north-east of France, around Noyon. It was formed when Saint Medardus moved the seat of the bishopric at Vermandois to Noyon, in the sixth century. For four centuries it was united with the ...

) * 1362–1373: Etienne de Poissy * 1373–1384: Aimery de Magnac * 1384–1409: Pierre d'Orgemont, translated from

bishop of Thérouanne A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

* 1409–1420: Gérard de Montaigu, translated from Poitiers (1409) * 1420–1421: Jean Courtecuisse * 1421–1422:

Jean de La Rochetaillée Jean de La Rochetaillée (died 1437) was a French churchman, eminent jurist, and Cardinal. His real name was Jean de Fort. He was bishop of Saint-Papoul in 1413, bishop of Geneva in 1418, and bishop of Paris in 1421/2. He became archbishop of R ...

, translated to Rouen (1422) * 1423–1426: Jean IV de Nant, translated from Vienne (1423) * 1427–1438: Jacques du Chastelier(Châtelier) * 1439–1447: Denis du Moulin * 1447–1472: Guillaume Chartier * 1473–1492:

Louis de Beaumont de la Forêt Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis (d ...

* 1492?–1492/1493?: Gérard Gobaille * 1492–1502:

Jean-Simon de Champigny Jean Simon de Champigny (died 1502) was a Kingdom of France, French prelate who was Bishop of Paris from 1492 to 1502. Biography Jean Simon de Champigny was the son of Jean Simon, ''fiefdom, Seigneur'' of Champigny-sur-Marne and Combeaux (probab ...

From 1500

* 1503–1519: Étienne de Poncher * 1519–1532: François Poncher * 1532–1541:

Jean du Bellay Jean du Bellay (1492 – 16 February 1560) was a French diplomat and cardinal, a younger brother of Guillaume du Bellay, and cousin and patron of the poet Joachim du Bellay. He was bishop of Bayonne by 1526, member of the ''Conseil privé'' ( ...

* 1551–1563: Eustache du Bellay * 1564–1568: Guillaume Viole * 1573–1598:

Pierre de Gondi Pierre de Gondi, cardinal de Retz (1533–1616) was a French bishop and cardinal of the Gondi family. Life Born in Lyon, he was a brother of Albert de Gondi (two of whose sons, Henri and Jean-François, succeeded Pierre as bishop of Paris) and ...

* 1598–1622: Henri de Gondi

Archbishops of Paris

The Diocese of Paris was elevated to the rank of archdiocese on October 20, 1622. * 1622–1654: Jean-François de Gondi * 1654–1662:

Jean François Paul de Gondi, cardinal de Retz Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jea ...

* 1662–1664:

Pierre de Marca Pierre de Marca (24 January 1594 – 29 June 1662) was a French bishop and historian, born at Gan in Béarn of a family distinguished in the magistracy. His family was known among judicial circles in the 16th century, and maintained the ...

* 1664–1671:

Hardouin de Péréfixe de Beaumont Paul Philippe Hardouin de Beaumont de Péréfixe (1606 – 1 January 1671, Paris) was a French historian and clergyman. He was bishop of Rodez, then archbishop of Paris. Biography Born at Beaumont, Vienne into a family of Neapolitan origin ...

* 1671–1695:

François de Harlay de Champvallon François de Harlay de Champvallon (François III de Harlay; 14 August 1625 – 6 August 1695) was the fifth Archbishop of Paris. Life and church Early years Harlay de Champvallon was born in Paris, the nephew of François de Harlay, archb ...

* 1695–1729: Louis-Antoine de Noailles * 1729–1746: Charles-Gaspard-Guillaume de Vintimille du Luc * 1746: Jacques Bonne-Gigault de Bellefonds * 1746–1781: Christophe de Beaumont * 1781–1802: Antoine-Eléonore-Léon Le Clerc de Juigné ** 1791–1794:

Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel (1 September 1727 – 13 April 1794) was a French Catholic cleric and politician of the Revolution. He was executed during the Reign of Terror. Biography Gobel was born in the town of Thann in Alsace to a lawyer t ...

(appointed by the Republic of France; not recognized by the pope) * ''temporarily abolished during the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

'' * 1802–1808: Jean Baptiste de Belloy-Morangle * 1810–1817: Jean-Sifrein Maury * 1817–1821: Alexandre-Angélique Talleyrand de Périgord * 1821–1839: Hyacinthe-Louis De Quelen * 1840–1848:

Denis Auguste Affre Denis-Auguste Affre (27 September 179327 June 1848) was a French Catholic who served as Archbishop of Paris from 1840 to 1848. He was killed while trying to negotiate peace during the June Days uprising of 1848. His cause for canonization has co ...

* 1848–1857: Marie Dominique Auguste Sibour * 1857–1862: François-Nicholas-Madeleine Morlot * 1863–1871:

Georges Darboy Georges Darboy (16 January 181324 May 1871) was a French Catholic priest, later bishop of Nancy then archbishop of Paris. He was among a group of prominent hostages executed as the Paris Commune of 1871 was about to be overthrown. Biography Dar ...

* 1871–1886:

Joseph Hippolyte Guibert Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert (1802, Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône – 1886, Paris) was a French Catholic Archbishop of Paris and Cardinal. He was consecrated by Eugène de Mazenod and was appointed by Pope Gregory XVI as bishop of Viviers in 1 ...

* 1886–1908:

François-Marie-Benjamin Richard François-Marie-Benjamin Richard de la Vergne (; 1 March 1819 – 27 January 1908) was a French cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and served as the Archbishop of Paris. His cause of canonization has commenced and he has the title of Servant o ...

* 1908–1920:

Léon-Adolphe Amette Leon Adolphe Amette (6 September 1850 Douville-sur-Andelle, Eure – 29 August 1920 Antony, Hauts-de-Seine) was a French Catholic cardinal who was archbishop of Paris from 1908 to 1920. He was made a cardinal in 1911 with the rank of cardinal pr ...

* 1920–1929:

Louis-Ernest Dubois Louis-Ernest Dubois (1 September 1856 – 23 September 1929) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Paris. He played a leading role in the period of adjustment to the separation of Church and State in France. Early life He was born i ...

* 1929–1940:

Jean Verdier Jean Verdier, PSS (19 February 1864 – 9 April 1940) was a French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Paris from 1929 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1929. Biography Jean Verdier was born t ...

* 1940–1949:

Emmanuel Célestin Suhard Emmanuel Célestin Suhard (; April 5, 1874 – May 30, 1949) was a French cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Paris from 1940 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1935. He was instrumental in the found ...

* 1949–1966: Maurice Feltin * 1966–1968:

Pierre Veuillot Pierre Marie Joseph Veuillot (5 January 1913 – 14 February 1968) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Paris. Life After having frequented the first year of the graduate course of Medicine, he joined the Carmes Seminary in Rue d'A ...

* 1968–1981:

François Marty Gabriel Auguste François Marty (18 May 1904 – 16 February 1994) was a French Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Paris. Early years He was born in Vaureilles, Pachins, in France. His family were farmers. His first baptismal forename was ...

* 1981–2005: Jean-Marie Lustiger * 2005–2017:

André Vingt-Trois André Armand Vingt-Trois (; born 7 November 1942) is a French cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Paris from 2005 to 2017, having previously served as Archbishop of Tours from 1999 to 2005. He was elevated to the cardi ...

* 2017–2021: Michel Aupetit * 2022-present: Laurent Ulrich

Auxiliary bishops

* 1919–1926: Benjamin-Octave Roland-Gosselin * 1922–1943: Emmanuel Chaptal * 1954–1962:

Jean Rupp Jean-Édouard-Lucien Rupp (13 October 1905 – 28 January 1983) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Monaco from 1962 to 1971 and then worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See until he retired in 1980. Biog ...

* 1968–1981:

Daniel Pezeril Daniel Pézeril (5 October 1911 in La Serena, Chile – 22 April 1998 in Paris) was the Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop of Paris in the time of Cardinal François Marty. Before this he had been Curé of Saint-Séverin, a parish known for its l ...

* 1979–1980:

Paul Poupard Paul Joseph Jean Poupard (born 30 August 1930) is a French prelate of the Catholic Church who has been a Cardinal since 1985. He held positions in the Roman Curia for more than 25 years, serving as President of the Pontifical Council for Cult ...

* 1986–1997: Claude Frikart * 1988–1999:

* 1996–2000: Éric Aumonier * 1997–: Pierre d'Ornellas * 2006–: Jean-Yves Nahmias * 2006–: Jérôme Beau * 2008–: Renauld de Dinechin * 2008–2018:

Éric de Moulins-Beaufort Éric de Moulins-Beaufort (born 30 January 1962) is a French prelate of the Catholic Church who has been a bishop since 2008 and the Archbishop of Reims since 2018. He was elected president of the Bishops' Conference of France in 2019. Life Ér ...

* 2013–2014: Michel Aupetit * 2016–:

Thibault Verny Thibault is a French personal name and surname, a form of Theobald, a Germanic name composed from the elements '' theod-'' "people" and ''bald'' "bold". Surname * Arthur Thibault (191483), Canadian farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan * Be ...

* 2016–2021: Denis Jachiet * 2019–:

Philippe Marsset Philippe is a masculine sometimes feminin given name, cognate to Philip. It may refer to: * Philippe of Belgium (born 1960), King of the Belgians (2013–present) * Philippe (footballer) (born 2000), Brazilian footballer * Prince Philippe, Count o ...

Notes

Bibliography

Reference works

* (Use with caution; obsolete) * (in Latin) * (in Latin) * * * * * * *

Studies

* * * * * *

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Paris, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of

Christianity in Paris 3rd-century establishments in Roman Gaul