Pharmacology
Arbekacin is approved for the treatment of pneumonia and sepsis caused by methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA). Because of its synergistic effect with beta-lactams, arbekacin also holds promise as a treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections such as multidrug-resistant ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and ''Acinetobacter baumannii''.Pharmacodynamics
Aminoglycosides such as arbekacin work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosome, ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of Transfer RNA, tRNA which consequently, leaves the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Energy is needed for aminoglycoside uptake into the bacterial cell. Obligate anaerobe, Anaerobes have less energy available for this uptake, so aminoglycosides are less active against anaerobes.Mechanism of action
Aminoglycosides such as arbekacin inhibit protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria by irreversibly binding to the bacterial 30S, 30S ribosomal subunit. Specifically, arbekacin binds to four nucleotides of 16S ribosomal RNA, 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with the decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in the 16S rRNA component of the 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of Transfer RNA, tRNA. This leads to misreading of Messenger RNA, mRNA, so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide, leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes.Absorption
Aminoglycosides are not well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, so they are typically administered wikt:parenteral, parenterally.Toxicity
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the most serious adverse drug reaction, adverse effects of aminoglycoside therapy and are more likely to occur in patients with a history of renal impairment or who are receiving other ototoxic and/or nephrotoxic drugs. Normal duration of intramuscular injection, intramuscular or intravenous therapy, intravenous aminoglycoside therapy is 7–10 days, though longer treatment is sometimes necessary. Toxicity is more likely to occur when aminoglycoside treatment is continued for longer than 10 days.References
{{AminoglycosideAntiBiotics Aminoglycoside antibiotics