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Apoyeque is a
Apoyeque is a volcanic complex that formed and occupies the Chiltepe Peninsula. It is part of the Chiltepe pyroclastic shield volcano, one of three ignimbrite shields on the Nicaraguan volcanic front.
The lake at its center, Apoyeque lake ( Spanish: ''Laguna de Apoyeque'', also called ''Laguna de Apoyaque'',), its shore 100 meters below the peak of the caldera, at its bottom reaches down to sea level.
Apoyeque, as well as the entire Chiltepe peninsula are part of the Managua administrative region, in close proximity to city of
pyroclastic shield
In volcanology, a pyroclastic shield or ignimbrite shield is an uncommon type of shield volcano. Unlike most shield volcanoes, pyroclastic shields are formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basalt ...
, located in the Chiltepe Peninsula Natural Reserve in Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...
. It has a 2.8-km wide, 400-m-deep, lake-filled caldera
A caldera ( ) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. An eruption that ejects large volumes of magma over a short period of time can cause significant detriment to the str ...
.
Geography
Apoyeque is a volcanic complex that formed and occupies the Chiltepe Peninsula. It is part of the Chiltepe pyroclastic shield volcano, one of three ignimbrite shields on the Nicaraguan volcanic front.
The lake at its center, Apoyeque lake ( Spanish: ''Laguna de Apoyeque'', also called ''Laguna de Apoyaque'',), its shore 100 meters below the peak of the caldera, at its bottom reaches down to sea level.
Apoyeque, as well as the entire Chiltepe peninsula are part of the Managua administrative region, in close proximity to city of Managua
Managua () is the capital city, capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the List of largest cities in Central America, largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1, ...
, Nicaragua's capital.
Immediately southeast of Apoyeque peak is the 2.5 × 3 kilometer-wide lake-filled Xiloá (Jiloá) maar
A maar is a broad, low-relief volcanic crater caused by a phreatomagmatic eruption (an explosion which occurs when groundwater comes into contact with hot lava or magma). A maar characteristically fills with water to form a relatively shallow ...
, a part of the Apoyeque complex.
Volcanology
The last eruption of Apoyeque, in about 50 BC (+/- 100 years), was one of the largest explosions known in history, and it had aVolcanic Explosivity Index
The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the size of explosive volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self in 1982.
Volume of products, eruption c ...
(VEI) of 6.
In addition to the Chiltepe dome (volcán Chiltepe), which is used synonymously with Apoyeque, the Apoyeque complex contains the Jiloa caldera (Laguna de Jiloa aka Xiloá), the Miraflores dome and the Cerro Talpetate dome.
An eruption of Laguna Xiloá 6100 years ago produced pumiceous pyroclastic flows that overlay similar deposits of similar age from Masaya.
Apoyeque has been identified as a particular dangerous volcano, due to its history of major eruptions separated by 2000 years, proximity to Managua, and the risks of generating lake tsunamis.
See also
*List of volcanoes in Nicaragua
This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Nicaragua.
Volcanoes
See also
* Central America Volcanic Arc
* List of volcanoes in Costa Rica
* List of volcanoes in El Salvador
* List of volcanoes in Guatemala
* List of volcanoes i ...
References
{{Authority control Pyroclastic shields Shield volcanoes of Nicaragua Volcanic crater lakes Calderas of Central America Inactive volcanoes VEI-6 volcanoes