Antiochus (221 BC–193 BC) was a
Seleucid
The Seleucid Empire (; grc, Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν, ''Basileía tōn Seleukidōn'') was a Greek state in West Asia that existed during the Hellenistic period from 312 BC to 63 BC. The Seleucid Empire was founded by the ...
prince, first-born child to the Seleucid monarchs
Antiochus III the Great
Antiochus III the Great (; grc-gre, Ἀντίoχoς Μέγας ; c. 2413 July 187 BC) was a Greek Hellenistic king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 222 to 187 BC. He ruled over the region of Syria and large parts of the res ...
and
Laodice III, and his father's first heir.
Biography
Antiochus was of
Greek Macedonian and
Persian descent. In 210 BC, his father made him joint king, when Antiochus III went off to the East on his great expedition. He was partly in command of the Seleucid army at the victory at Panion in 200 BC.
[Grainger, ''A Seleukid prosopography and gazetteer'' pp. 36–37] He is not recorded to have had any real independent authority, but he was appointed viceroy of the eastern Seleucid satrapies. Antiochus is named in several decrees and letters with his father.
In 200 BC, Antiochus was present at the
battle of Panium
The Battle of Panium (also known as Paneion, grc, Πάνειον, or Paneas, Πανειάς) was fought in 200 BC near Paneas (Caesarea Philippi) between Seleucid and Ptolemaic forces as part of the Fifth Syrian War. The Seleucids were led by ...
and received the command over the right wing of the cavalry; it was he who routed the Egyptian cavalry and attacked the Ptolemaic center from the rear with his victorious cavalry. In 196 BC, Antiochus was appointed as the heir to the Seleucid throne.
In that year, his father arranged for him to marry his younger sister
Laodice IV.
The marriage between Laodice IV and Antiochus was the first sibling marriage to occur in the Seleucid dynasty.
From their sibling union, Laodice IV bore Antiochus a daughter called
Nysa.
In 193 BC, Antiochus III appointed his daughter, the sister-wife of his son, Antiochus, as the chief priestess of the state cult dedicated to their late mother Laodice III in
Media
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Communication
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.
[Grainger, ''A Seleukid prosopography and gazetteer'' p. 48] Later that year, Antiochus died. His family were in complete grief of his death, in particular Antiochus III.
Antiochus was succeeded by his younger brother
Seleucus IV Philopator.
See also
*
List of Syrian monarchs
The title King of Syria appeared in the second century BC in referring to the Seleucid kings who ruled the entirety of the region of Syria. It was also used to refer to Aramean kings in the Greek translations of the Old Testament, mainly indicati ...
*
Timeline of Syrian history
References
Sources
* J.D. Grainger, A Seleukid prosopography and gazetteer, BRILL, 1997
External links
{{Hellenistic rulers
Seleucid dynasty
3rd-century BC Greek people
2nd-century BC Greek people
Greek people of Iranian descent
Antiochus 04
2nd-century BC Babylonian kings
3rd-century BC Babylonian kings