Antón Losada Diéguez
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Antón Losada Diéguez (b.
Moldes Moldes is one of nine parishes (administrative divisions) in the Castropol municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. The population is 426 (INE INE, Ine or ine may refer to: Institutions * ...
, ( Boborás), Galicia, 22 December 1884 - d.
Pontevedra Pontevedra (, ) is a Spanish city in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. It is the capital of both the '' Comarca'' (County) and Province of Pontevedra, and of the Rías Baixas in Galicia. It is also the capital of its own municipality wh ...
, Galicia, 15 October 1929) was a writer, Galician politician, member of the
Irmandades da Fala The Irmandades da Fala (English: "Brotherhood of the Language") was a Galician nationalist organization active between 1916 and 1936. It was the first political organization of Galicia that used only the Galician language. Origin Aurelio Ribalt ...
of Ourense, promoter of the magazine ''Nós'' and correspondent of the
Royal Galician Academy The Royal Galician Academy ( gl, Real Academia Galega, RAG) is an institution dedicated to the study of Galician culture and especially the Galician language; it promulgates norms of grammar, spelling, and vocabulary and works to promote the l ...
. He was author of half a dozen books of poetry, seven books, two political writings, the incomplete work ''A domeadora'' and the speech ''Ouservacións encol da prosa galega''.''A domeadora''
in ''Biblioteca Virtual Galega''.
He became a member in the Seminar of Galician Studies. He was honoured on the Day of the Galician Letters of 1985.Real Academia Galega.
/ref>


Biography


Early years

Antón Losada belonged to a
Hidalgo Hidalgo may refer to: People * Hidalgo (nobility), members of the Spanish nobility * Hidalgo (surname) Places Mexico * Hidalgo (state), in central Mexico * Hidalgo, Coahuila, a town in the north Mexican state of Coahuila * Hidalgo, Nuevo Le ...
family of traditional ideology and deeply Catholic. He was the son of Miguel Losada y Losada (1860-1913) and Carmen Diéguez Arias y Belt (1850-1888), who died of
tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, i ...
. He spent five years as an intern at the Santiago Apostol School of the
Society of Jesus , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...
in Pasaxe (
province of Pontevedra Pontevedra is a province of Spain along the country's Atlantic coast in southwestern Europe. The province forms the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Galicia. It is bordered by the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, and Ourense, ...
). He studied literature at the
University of Deusto The University of Deusto ( es, Universidad de Deusto; eu, Deustuko Unibertsitatea) is a Spanish private university owned by the Society of Jesus, with campuses in Bilbao and San Sebastián, and the Deusto Business School branch in Madrid. The Un ...
, graduating in 1906. He took a law course at the
University of Santiago de Compostela , established = , type = Public , budget = €228 million (2011) , rector = Prof. Dr. Antonio López Díaz , city = Santiago de Compostela , state = Galicia , country = Spain , undergrad = 23,835 , postgrad = 1,716 , doctoral = 2,697 ...
between 1902 and 1903, where he also acted as assistant professor of Armando Cotarelo Valledor.Anton Losada Diéguez
in galegos.galiciadigital.com
"Losada Diéguez, Antón". His first writings were never published. In 1904, he went to
Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the Largest cities of the Europ ...
where he obtained a
doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''li ...
in philosophy and literature. During these years, he wrote four plays in
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
that were submitted to a number of contests. In 1907, he returned to Galicia to take part in the agricultural movement. He founded the agricultural unions in
A Estrada A Estrada is a municipality of the Pontevedra province in Galicia in northwestern Spain. It is located some southeast of Santiago de Compostela. Etymology The name comes from the Latin word ''strata'', with the meaning of ''trodden earth, where ...
and in other areas of Galicia. During 1910, he relocated to Galicia, where he attained political appointment to the jaimismo and was chosen as secretary of the ''Traditionalistic Xunta'' of
Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, in northwestern Spain. The city has its origin in the shrine of Saint James the Great, now the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, as the destination of the Way of S ...
. In 1911, he left Galicia again for Madrid in order to prepare for the
civil service examination Civil service examinations are examinations implemented in various countries for recruitment and admission to the civil service. They are intended as a method to achieve an effective, rational public administration on a merit system for recruitin ...
. In 1913, he won a position as professor of secondary education in the Canary Islands. He completed his degree in law in Santiago, where he met Lois Porteiro. On 25 June 1915, he married Albina Espinosa Cervela, daughter of Laurentino Espinosa Valladares, with whom he had his first son, Antón. She died of
typhus Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. ...
on 17 December 1916. From 1916, he supported the jaimismo movement and began to praise Catalan regionalism. On 31 December 1920, Antón married for the second time, this time marrying the sister of his first wife, Mercedes Espinosa Cervela, with whom he had six more children.


Entrance in the Galicianist movement

Year 1917 was to be fundamental in the political path of Losada, as he became a member of the
Irmandades da Fala The Irmandades da Fala (English: "Brotherhood of the Language") was a Galician nationalist organization active between 1916 and 1936. It was the first political organization of Galicia that used only the Galician language. Origin Aurelio Ribalt ...
and embraced Galicianism. On 17 October, he wrote to Porteiro requesting information and, by 30 October, he had already been integrated into the ''Irmandades''. During that year, he traveled to
Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...
with a delegation of the ''Irmandades'' to celebrate a Galician Week and got in contact with the Lliga. When Antón went back to Ourense he was responsible for receiving
Francesc Cambó Francesc Cambó i Batlle (; 2 September 1876 – 30 April 1947) was a conservative Spanish politician from Catalonia, founder and leader of the autonomist party ''Lliga Regionalista''. He was a minister in several Spanish governments. He supported ...
, and was responsible, together with Rodrigo Sanz and Lois Porteiro, for organizing the Galician autonomy candidatures in the province of Ourense before the
Spanish general election There are four types of elections in Spain: general elections, elections to the legislatures of the autonomous communities (regional elections), local elections and elections to the European Parliament. General elections and elections to the legi ...
held in 1918 (in coalition with the
mauristas Maurism (''Maurismo'' in Spanish) was a conservative political movement that bloomed in Spain from 1913 around the political figure of Antonio Maura after a schism in the Conservative Party between ''idóneos'' ('apt ones') and ''mauristas'' ('maur ...
of
José Calvo Sotelo José Calvo Sotelo, 1st Duke of Calvo Sotelo, GE (6 May 1893 – 13 July 1936) was a Spanish jurist and politician, minister of Finance during the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera and a leading figure during the Second Republic. During t ...
). The electoral defeat provoked a general demoralization in the ''Irmandades'' and Losada concentrated his efforts in consolidating the group. In order to do so, he wrote many articles in the press, especially in '' El Emigrado'', ''
La Región La Región is a daily newspaper in the city and province of Ourense, in the Southeastern part of Galicia, an autonomous community (region) of Spain. Founded in 1910, most of its stock still belongs to the founding Outeiriño family. As a daily n ...
'', '' O Tío Marcos d'a Portela'', ''
A Nosa Terra ''A Nosa Terra'' (in en, Our Land, italic=yes) was a Galician newspaper in Galician language, first founded in 1907 in A Coruña, Spain. It has been published in different periods. Periods 1907 - 1908 ''A Nosa Terra'', was a bilingual Span ...
'', '' El Estradense'' and '' Alborada'' wherein his writings in Galician could be found, and at the same time continuing his work as Catholic propagandist in Pontevedra acting as president of
Catholic Action Catholic Action is the name of groups of lay Catholics who advocate for increased Catholic influence on society. They were especially active in the nineteenth century in historically Catholic countries under anti-clerical regimes such as Spain, I ...
and of the local Circle of Catholic Workers venues. He also tried to promote some of the first shy attempts to have Galician language adopted in the liturgy. He even translated
Salve Regina The "Salve Regina" (, ; meaning 'Hail Queen'), also known as the "Hail Holy Queen", is a Marian hymn and one of four Marian antiphons sung at different seasons within the Christian liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church. The Salve Regina ...
into that language. In November 1918, he chaired the I Nationalist Assembly of Lugo. Along with Risco and Arturo Noguerol, in 1920, he founded the ''Nós'' magazine. He accompanied Risco in the training of the ''Irmandade Nazonalista Galega'' during 1922, and was his Propaganda Minister for a year, failing in his attempts to reunify the Galicianist movement. On May 12, 1924, Antón Losada became a member of the Seminar of Galician Studies, giving the speech "''Ouservacións encol da prosa galega''" (Observations about Galician Prose). In reliance on Calvo Sotelo's promises, Losada collaborated initially with
Primo de Rivera Primo de Rivera is a Spanish family prominent in politics of the 19th and 20th centuries: *Fernando Primo de Rivera (1831–1921), Spanish politician and soldier *Miguel Primo de Rivera (1870–1930), nephew of Fernando, military officer and dictat ...
's dictatorship as a provincial deputy in Pontevedra. During that period, Antón took part in the failed attempts to establish a Mancomunity of Galicia, leading to his capitulation at the beginning of 1925. During the rest of the
dictatorship A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Politics in a dictatorship a ...
, he participated in cultural activities such as founding the Choral Polifónica of Pontevedra, the Eiriña Football Club and his work in the
Seminario de Estudos Galegos The Seminar of Galician Studies ( gl, Seminario de Estudos Galegos, SEG) was an institution established in 1923 with the purpose of studying and promoting the Galicia (Spain), Galician cultural heritage. References External links«El Seminario ...
, but without forgetting the aspirations for autonomy for Galicia. He was only 45 years old when he died in
Pontevedra Pontevedra (, ) is a Spanish city in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. It is the capital of both the '' Comarca'' (County) and Province of Pontevedra, and of the Rías Baixas in Galicia. It is also the capital of its own municipality wh ...
in 1929. Losada was a corresponding member of the
Royal Galician Academy The Royal Galician Academy ( gl, Real Academia Galega, RAG) is an institution dedicated to the study of Galician culture and especially the Galician language; it promulgates norms of grammar, spelling, and vocabulary and works to promote the l ...
(May 22, 1928) and was honoured on the Day of the Galician Letters in 1985.


Work

From joining the ''Irmandades'' until his death, Losada is known to have written a half-dozen poems, seven short stories, an unfinished fragment of a comedy, two articles about art and some other articles. In 1985, his ''Obra completa'' (Complete works) were published. Some titles are: * ''Simbólica e ideas filosóficas contenidas en "La vida es sueño": drama en tres jornadas y en verso de D. Pedro Calderón de la Barca'', 1910. * "Valentín Lamas Carvajal". Article published in ''O Tio Marcos d'a Portela'' nº 32 o 31/5/1918, p. 4. * "Os camiños d'o agrarismo galego". Article published in ''A Nosa Terra'' nº 96 o 5/8/1919. * "Conto" ''(Dous rapaciños rifaron...)'', tale published on Nós magazine n.º 5 on 24/6/1921. * " Adiante" in ''A Nosa Terra'' nº 167, 1922/7/25. * "Ouservacións encol da prosa galega", discurso de ingreso no SEG o 12 de maio de 1924. * ''Excavaciones en Montealegre (Domayo), provincia de Pontevedra : memoria de los trabajos realizados y descubrimientos hechos por el concesionario Don Antonio Losada y Diéguez''. 1927.
MAN A man is an adult male human. Prior to adulthood, a male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent). Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromo ...
. * "Inéditos do Lousada", published in ''Nós'' magazine nº 71 on November 15, 1929. Include: ** " Lonxe", dous poemas. O primeiro asinado: ''Pontevedra, Nadal, 1926'', p. 191. ** "Soneto XV da
Vita nuova ''La Vita Nuova'' (; Italian for "The New Life") or ''Vita Nova'' (Latin title) is a text by Dante Alighieri published in 1294. It is an expression of the medieval genre of courtly love in a prosimetrum style, a combination of both prose and ve ...
, do
Dante Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian people, Italian Italian poetry, poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', origin ...
". From
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
«Tanto gentile e tanto onesta pare...», p. 192. ** "Un conto" (''Boteime a camiñar pol-o Ceo, brincando...''), p. 192. ** "Outro conto" (''Cando me erguín aquela mañán dixéronme...''), p. 193 ** ''A domeadora'', pp. 193–203. Obra teatral incompleta. Reedited in 1985 and 2005. * "A significación profunda do galeguismo" in ''Pensamento galego I'', C. Baliñas, 1977. . * ''Antón Losada Diéguez''. Escolma edited by Filgueira Valverde. Royal Galician Academy Publications. 1985. * ''Obra completa''. Ed. de J. Beramendi. Texts in Galician and Spanish. Xerais, 1985. . * ''Antoloxía de Antonio Losada Diéguez'' (1985). Limiar de Anxo Tarrío. USC. . * ''Arredor do noso futuro. Campus Universitario Ourense'' (1997). . * ''Traduccións poéticas de Antón Losada Diéguez''. Ed: Marchisio, C. Bibliófilos Gallegos, 1999, . * ''Na estrada da vida: ensaio de comedia dramática, en tres actos e un prólogo''. Fervenza. 2006. . * ''Os que soñan''. Fervenza Edicións. A Estrada. 2006. . * ''Virilidade : ensaio cómico, orixinal e en prosa''. Fervenza. 2006. . * ''O mellor de... Antón Losada Diéguez (1884-1929)'', ed. de Teresa Seara, 2010, ''
La Voz de Galicia ''La Voz de Galicia'' ( en, The Voice of Galicia) is a Spanish daily newspaper owned by the Corporación Voz de Galicia. ''La Voz'' is highest circulation newspaper in Galicia and the eighth-highest circulation general-interest daily newspaper ...
''. .''O mellor de... Antón Losada Diéguez (1884-1929)'', cover image
/ref>


Gallery


See also

*
Vicente Risco Vicente Martínez Risco Agüero (October 1, 1884 – April 30, 1963) was a Galician intellectual of the 20th century. He was a founder member of Xeración Nós, and among the most important figures in the history of Galician literature. He is we ...
*
Irmandades da Fala The Irmandades da Fala (English: "Brotherhood of the Language") was a Galician nationalist organization active between 1916 and 1936. It was the first political organization of Galicia that used only the Galician language. Origin Aurelio Ribalt ...
*
José Calvo Sotelo José Calvo Sotelo, 1st Duke of Calvo Sotelo, GE (6 May 1893 – 13 July 1936) was a Spanish jurist and politician, minister of Finance during the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera and a leading figure during the Second Republic. During t ...


References


Bibliography

* José Antonio Durán Iglesias (1981). "Antonio Losada Diéguez, la derecha gallega y los nacionalistas", p. 263-303 in ''Crónicas-3'', Akal, . *Xoán Carlos Garrido Couceiro (2005)
"Días de Losada na Estrada"
intro. in ''A domeadora'', Fervenza, . * Henrique Monteagudo (1995)
"Ideas sobre a lingua de Antón Losada Diéguez"
in ''Antón Losada Diéguez, 10 anos dun premio''. O Carballiño. . *
''Homenaxe a Antón Losada Diéguez: centenario 1884-1984''
Concello do Carballiño, 1984. .


External links

* RAG
Figures paid tribute to. Antón Losada Diéguez

Foundation Antón Losada Diéguez

Galician Virtual Library

''130 aniversario do nacemento de Antón Losada Diéguez''
Biblioteca Ánxel Casal, Santiago . {{DEFAULTSORT:Losada Dieguez, Anton Galician nationalists Writers from Galicia (Spain) 1884 births 1929 deaths