Anna Maria Bunn
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Anna Maria Bunn (1808–1889) was the anonymous author of ''The Guardian: a Tale (by an Australian)'' (1838), the first novel published on mainland Australia and the first in the continent by a woman. Bunn's authorship was only established after an historian found a copy of the book in which her son had noted his mother's authorship.


Life

Anna Maria Murray was born in Ireland in 1808 and in 1827 came to Australia with her father, who, as a retired army officer, was entitled to a free land grant in New South Wales. Her brother
Terence Aubrey Murray Sir Terence Aubrey Murray (10 May 1810 – 22 June 1873) was an Irish-Australian pastoralist, parliamentarian and knight of the realm. He had the double distinction of being, at separate times, both the Speaker of the New South Wales Legislativ ...
also came out, while her brother James remained behind until he had finished training as a surgeon. A year later she married Captain George Bunn, a mariner and merchant, a brother of the English theatrical manager
Alfred Bunn Alfred Bunn (April 8, 1796 in LondonDecember 20, 1860 in Boulogne-sur-Mer) was an English theatrical manager. He was married to Margaret Agnes (née Somerville) Bunn, a minor actress, in 1819. Biography Bunn was appointed stage manager of D ...
. They settled in Pyrmont in Sydney. Captain Bunn died suddenly on 9 January 1834, aged 43, leaving Anna Maria aged 25 years, with two small sons and in financial difficulties. It was in the five years after her husband's death that she wrote the novel. In this time she alternated between living with her brother James, who owned
Woden Odin (; from non, Óðinn, ) is a widely revered god in Germanic paganism. Norse mythology, the source of most surviving information about him, associates him with wisdom, healing, death, royalty, the gallows, knowledge, war, battle, victory ...
homestead and her brother Terence, who owned Yarralumla homestead, both in the area of present-day Canberra. She had planned to return to Ireland, but this became impractical. In 1852 she moved to live at St Omer in the Braidwood district a property of which had been owned by Captain Bunn but which the couple had never occupied. In 1860 her youngest son died from a fall from a horse, and five years later his wife and son died of typhoid fever, leaving a daughter Georgiana who was raised by Anna Maria. Bunn apparently wrote nothing else apart from her novel, but she did produce paintings of insects and flowers which are in the collection of the
National Library of Australia The National Library of Australia (NLA), formerly the Commonwealth National Library and Commonwealth Parliament Library, is the largest reference library in Australia, responsible under the terms of the ''National Library Act 1960'' for "mainta ...
. She died at St Omer on 19 September 1889. Her grave is in the Braidwood General Cemetery.


Novel

The novel is a competent work that mixes the apparently incongruous modes of the Gothic novel and the
comedy of manners In English literature, the term comedy of manners (also anti-sentimental comedy) describes a genre of realistic, satirical comedy of the Restoration period (1660–1710) that questions and comments upon the manners and social conventions of a gr ...
. The setting is England and Ireland, with New South Wales only referred to at times in the text, mostly in amusingly disparaging terms. It is written partly in the form of letters between two former school friends and partly in
third person narrative Narration is the use of a written or spoken commentary to convey a story to an audience. Narration is conveyed by a narrator: a specific person, or unspecified literary voice, developed by the creator of the story to deliver information to the ...
, typical of transitional novels of the time. Themes include the search for security, the issue of whether to marry for love (the author appears to vote against it) and the ups and downs of marriage. However, these are expressed within a melodramatic gothic plot culminating in infanticide and suicide. The author does not seem particularly comfortable with the Gothic sensibility.
Dale Spender Dale Spender (born 22 September 1943)''The Bibliography of Australian Literature: P–Z'' edited by John Arnold, John Hay (page 409). is an Australian feminist scholar, teacher, writer and consultant. In 1983, Dale Spender was co-founder of an ...
points out that although the plot includes the eventual discovery of an incestuous secret (husband and wife discover that they are also brother and sister) the author seems disconcertingly (for a gothic novel) blasé about this turn of affairs, and regards such a situation as simply unfortunate rather than a shocking sin which will be punished.Spender, see above


References


Further reading

*''The Guardian, a tale/ by Anna Maria Bunn (an Australian)'' with a new introduction by Elizabeth Webby, Canberra, ACT: Mulini Press, 1994. *Anna Maria Bunn 'The Guardian: chapters 2 and 3 (from The Guardian: a tale)' in ''Her Selection: Writings by Nineteenth Century Australian Women'' ed. by Lynne Spender. Ringwood, Victoria, Penguin, 1988 (pp 22–36). *Clarke, Patricia 'Pen Portraits: Women Writers and Journalists in Nineteenth Century Australia' North Sydney, New South Wales, Allen and Unwin, 1988 *McKiernan, Susan 'Two Early Novelists: Anna Maria Bunn and
Mary Theresa Vidal Mary Theresa Vidal (née Johnson) (23 June 1815 – 19 November 1873) was a British–Australian writer described as Australia's first female novelist. Life Mary was born in Devon, England, the daughter of Britton William Johnson and his wife, M ...
' in ''A Bright and Fiery Troop: Australian Women Writers of the Nineteenth Century'' ed. By Debra Adelaide. Ringwood, Vic., Penguin, 1988 pp 53–68. *Bunn, Anna Maria ''Papers 1826–1889 (manuscript)'' letters, press cuttings, recipes, etc. (photocopies of the originals of which are in private ownership) in National Library of Australia (NLA MS 2853) {{DEFAULTSORT:Bunn, Anna Maria 1808 births 1899 deaths 19th-century Australian novelists Australian women novelists 19th-century Australian women writers