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The Independent Greeks - National Patriotic Alliance ( el, Ανεξάρτητοι Έλληνες (ΑΝΕΛ), ''Anexartitoi Ellines'', ANEL) is a National conservatism, national-conservative list of political parties in Greece, political party in Greece.
The party was the junior coalition partner to the Coalition of the Radical Left (Syriza) in the First Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras, first and Second Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras, second Tsipras governments, from January 2015 until the 2019 Greek legislative election, June 2019 parliamentary election, in which the party did not participate.
The party was created on 24 February 2012 by Panos Kammenos, a former Member of Parliament (MP) for the conservative party New Democracy (Greece), New Democracy (ND). Kammenos had been expelled from the New Democracy parliamentary group after voting against Lucas Papademos' coalition government in a vote of confidence. The party's founding declaration was issued on 11 March 2012. Ten former ND deputies were founding members of the party, namely Elena Kountoura, Christos Zois, , , Spyros Galinos, , Maria Kollia-Tsaroucha, Panagiotis Melas and
On 17 April 2012, the small left-wing anti-bailout party Panhellenic Citizen Chariot reached an election cooperation agreement with the Independent Greeks.
Prior to the May 2012 Greek legislative election, May 2012 legislative election, the party had 11 MPs: 10 defectors from New Democracy and one from Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK).
The party won 10.6% of the vote and 33 MPs in the parliamentary election in May 2012. In the snap June 2012 Greek legislative election, June 2012 legislative election, ANEL received 7.5% of the vote, which reduced the party's representation to 20 MPs.
In the 2014 European Parliament election in Greece, 2014 European Parliament election held on 25 May 2014, ANEL received 3.5% of the vote, electing a single Member of the European Parliament, MEP who sat with the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group. The MEP, Notis Marias, left ANEL, however, and became an independent member of the ECR group.
In the January 2015 Greek legislative election, January 2015 legislative election held on 25 January 2015, ANEL received 4.75% of the vote and returned 13 MPs to the Hellenic Parliament. On 26 January 2015, ANEL agreed to form a governing coalition with the Syriza, Coalition of the Radical Left.
The second election of the year, the September 2015 Greek legislative election, September 2015 legislative election on 20 September 2015, returned ANEL to parliament with 10 seats from 3.69% of the vote. Syriza again agreed to form a coalition government with ANEL, with the returning cabinet sworn in on 21 September.
On 13 January 2019, Defence Minister Panos Kammenos and the Independent Greeks withdrew from Greece's ruling coalition over a deal struck on the Macedonia naming dispute, potentially leaving the governing coalition without a workable majority in parliament. However, the government was able to survive the confidence vote thanks to some ANEL dissidents.
On 9 June 2019, party leader Panos Kammenos announced ANEL would not participate in the 2019 Greek legislative election, 2019 parliamentary election.
Στην ΚΟ των ΑΝΕΛ ο Αριστείδης Φωκάς
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History
The party was created on 24 February 2012 by Panos Kammenos, a former Member of Parliament (MP) for the conservative party New Democracy (Greece), New Democracy (ND). Kammenos had been expelled from the New Democracy parliamentary group after voting against Lucas Papademos' coalition government in a vote of confidence. The party's founding declaration was issued on 11 March 2012. Ten former ND deputies were founding members of the party, namely Elena Kountoura, Christos Zois, , , Spyros Galinos, , Maria Kollia-Tsaroucha, Panagiotis Melas and
On 17 April 2012, the small left-wing anti-bailout party Panhellenic Citizen Chariot reached an election cooperation agreement with the Independent Greeks.
Prior to the May 2012 Greek legislative election, May 2012 legislative election, the party had 11 MPs: 10 defectors from New Democracy and one from Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK).
The party won 10.6% of the vote and 33 MPs in the parliamentary election in May 2012. In the snap June 2012 Greek legislative election, June 2012 legislative election, ANEL received 7.5% of the vote, which reduced the party's representation to 20 MPs.
In the 2014 European Parliament election in Greece, 2014 European Parliament election held on 25 May 2014, ANEL received 3.5% of the vote, electing a single Member of the European Parliament, MEP who sat with the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group. The MEP, Notis Marias, left ANEL, however, and became an independent member of the ECR group.
In the January 2015 Greek legislative election, January 2015 legislative election held on 25 January 2015, ANEL received 4.75% of the vote and returned 13 MPs to the Hellenic Parliament. On 26 January 2015, ANEL agreed to form a governing coalition with the Syriza, Coalition of the Radical Left.
The second election of the year, the September 2015 Greek legislative election, September 2015 legislative election on 20 September 2015, returned ANEL to parliament with 10 seats from 3.69% of the vote. Syriza again agreed to form a coalition government with ANEL, with the returning cabinet sworn in on 21 September.
On 13 January 2019, Defence Minister Panos Kammenos and the Independent Greeks withdrew from Greece's ruling coalition over a deal struck on the Macedonia naming dispute, potentially leaving the governing coalition without a workable majority in parliament. However, the government was able to survive the confidence vote thanks to some ANEL dissidents.
On 9 June 2019, party leader Panos Kammenos announced ANEL would not participate in the 2019 Greek legislative election, 2019 parliamentary election.
Ideology
The party has been described as Conservatism, conservative, National conservatism, national-conservative, Right-wing populism, right-wing populist, Greek nationalism, Greek nationalist, and Euroscepticism, Eurosceptic. The party called for revoking the First Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece, first and Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece, second memorandums, loan agreements between Greece, the EU and the International Monetary Fund. Further, it considers the agreements illegal and calls for lifting immunity from and then investigating and prosecuting Greek ministers, parliamentarians, and officials who negotiated the agreements or who otherwise bear blame for Greece's economic crisis. In opposing the memorandums negotiated with European troika, 'The Troika', party leader Kammenos said Greece had become a "laboratory animal" in an austerity experiment conducted by the IMF and EU, who "used the public debt as a means of control." Kammenos has focused much of his fire on Germany, stating that "Germany is not treating Greece as a partner but as its master. ... It tries to turn a Europe of independent states into a Europe dominated by Germany." The party's official programme states it will repudiate part of Greece's debt because it was created by speculators in a conspiracy to bring Greece to the edge of bankruptcy. It announced in December 2012 that it would start working to create a patriotic Democratic Front, whose aim is to save "Greece from the neo-liberal avalanche." The party also calls for German war reparations (for the Battle of Greece, invasion and occupation of Greece in the Second World War). On social policy, Independent Greeks oppose multiculturalism and want to opposition to immigration, reduce immigration, and support development of a Greek Orthodox Church, Christian Orthodox oriented education system. According to ''The Independent'', the party has "a socially right-wing stance, supporting patriotism and the role of the Greek Orthodox Church in family life and education".Election results
Hellenic Parliament
European Parliament
Members of Parliament
The Independent Greeks most recently held three MPs in the 2015 (September)-2019 Hellenic Parliament: On 19 November 2015 Nikolaos Nikolopoulos was expelled from the Parliamentary Group of Independent Greeks. On 16 June 2018 Dimitrios Kammenos was expelled from the party, because he voted to topple the government in a recent no confidence vote tabled by Official Opposition party New Democracy (Greece), New Democracy. On 26 June Georgios Lazaridis left his party's parliamentary group and declared himself independent citing opposition to the Greece-Republic of Macedonia naming agreement signed on 17 June 2018, as the reason for leaving the party. On 14 January 2019 Elena Kountoura and Vasilion Kokkalis were expelled from the party due to their continuing support for Tsipras government after Independent Greeks left it over the Prespa agreement dispute. On 15 January 2019 Aristidis Fokas elected on the list of Union of Centrists joined Independent Greeks./ref>
References
External links
* {{Greek political parties Independent Greeks, Nationalist parties in Greece Euroscepticism in Greece National conservative parties Political parties established in 2012 2012 establishments in Greece Parties represented in the European Parliament Right-wing populism in Greece Social conservative parties Eastern Orthodox political parties Right-wing populist parties