Anduze (; oc, Andusa) is a commune in the

Gard Gard () is a department in Southern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It had a population of 748,437 as of 2019;department in southern

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

.Anduze",

Encyclopædia Britannica The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various t ...

, 9th ed., Vol. II, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1878, p. 24 . The village is at the foot of the Cevennes range, in the

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms w ...

plateau of the

Languedoc The Province of Languedoc (; , ; oc, Lengadòc ) is a former province of France. Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately ...

scrubland Shrubland, scrubland, scrub, brush, or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbs, and geophytes. Shrubland may either occur naturally or be the result of human activity. It ...

History

The lordship of Anduze which was established in the early 10th century was one of the oldest and most powerful of

. Coining money, the family Anduze reigned as the supreme house of the Cevennes. The lords of the House Anduze were the

title A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify either generation, an official position, or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the f ...

Marquis A marquess (; french: marquis ), es, marqués, pt, marquês. is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman ...

of Gothia and Prince of Anduze and were allied to the

counts of Toulouse The count of Toulouse ( oc, comte de Tolosa, french: comte de Toulouse) was the ruler of Toulouse during the 8th to 13th centuries. Originating as vassals of the Frankish kings, the hereditary counts ruled the city of Toulouse and its surroundin ...

and participated in the crusade against the Albigensians in 1266, it was related to the

crown of France France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the fir ...

. It counted among its branches of the houses of Sauve, Roquefeuil (still existing), Sommieres, and Cayla Thoiras. Anduze was the cradle of French

sericulture Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. Although there are several commercial species of silkworms, '' Bombyx mori'' (the caterpillar of the domestic silkmoth) is the most widely used and intensively stud ...

from late 13th century. The city then became the regional center of trading in

silk Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from th ...

and

wool Wool is the textile fibre obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have properties similar to animal wool. ...

. It had up to 7,000 people at its peak. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Anduze was an important centre of

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

ism. The walled city, which had 6000 inhabitants in 1570, became the headquarters of the Protestant forces of the South. In 1573, the city had the birth of what Janine Garrison called the United Provinces of the South, including an attempted independent

Huguenot The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Be ...

state, based on local autonomy. Anduze was the basis of the resistance of the

Duc de Rohan Duke of Rohan is a title of French nobility, associated with the Breton region of Rohan. Duke of Rohan House of Rohan House of Chabot House of Rohan-Chabot ''The title ''prince de Léon'' is used a courtesy title until the succession of th ...

in 1622, and in 1629, the

Peace of Alès The Peace of Alais, also known as the Edict of Alès or the Edict of Grace, was a treaty negotiated by Cardinal Richelieu with Huguenot leaders and signed by King Louis XIII of France on 28 June 1629. It confirmed the basic principles of the Edi ...

, saw the dismantling of the city ramparts. In the 19th century, with the

industrial revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...

, new economic development in silk mills,

hosiery Hosiery, also referred to as legwear, describes garments worn directly on the feet and legs. The term originated as the collective term for products of which a maker or seller is termed a hosier; and those products are also known generically as ...

, and headgear took place, before being hit by recession. Anduze was also site of the Cevennes Coal Mines, prime contractors of the French coal industry. The city is known for its

zinc Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a shiny-greyish appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodi ...

smelting,

pottery Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and ...

, and castle dating from the 16th century. Currently, tourism plays an important role in the economy of the area; the station is used by the

tourist Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism ...

railway Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a p ...

steam train of the Cevennes.

Population

Sights

Bambouseraie de Prafrance The Bambouseraie de Prafrance (34 hectares, 84 acres) is a private botanical garden specializing in bamboos, located in Générargues, near Anduze, Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is ch ...

* The Clock Tower dates from 1320, it has three levels and is reminiscent of the architecture of the tower of Constance Aigues-Mortes. It Became the town clock in 1569, it was spared during the destruction of the ramparts in 1629. The bell at the top of the turret in its campanile, dates from 1701. The total building height is 22

meter The metre (British spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) (from the French unit , from the Greek noun , "measure"), symbol m, is the primary unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), though its pref ...

s. * The New Castle is a

mansion A mansion is a large dwelling house. The word itself derives through Old French from the Latin word ''mansio'' "dwelling", an abstract noun derived from the verb ''manere'' "to dwell". The English word '' manse'' originally defined a property l ...

of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. On the occasion of its construction, it was built into the walls. It consists of two towers in front. * Tower Pézène: it is part of Castle Pézène old stately home and residence of the counts of Beaufort fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The tower dates from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. * The Meridian: installed in the clock of the city in 1569, in 1629 it was spared during the destruction of the ramparts, the Meridian was restored in 1989. * The Grain market hall built in 1457, called The Orgerie or grain market. It was the place of the market for

chestnut The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Castanea'', in the beech family Fagaceae. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. The unrel ...

s and today at the local produce market (Thursdays). * The barracks: they were built in 1740 on the Brie plan to house the royal troops, now houses the tourist office, the right part became mayor office. File:2010 Anduze, Cevennes, France.jpg, File:Anduze Cadran Solaire.jpg, File:Anduze les halles.png, File:Anduze-Grand temple VE-20120901.jpg, Main

church

Fountains

The town has many picturesque

fountain A fountain, from the Latin "fons" (genitive "fontis"), meaning source or spring, is a decorative reservoir used for discharging water. It is also a structure that jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. Fountains were ori ...

s, the most famous is the so-called Pagoda, near the ancient

medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

halls. * The Fountain of Pradier column associated with the name of his sculptor James Pradier who realized in the 1830s neoclassical style it is topped by a particularly ornate marquee that is not without reminding us of a book of antiquity. .. * The fountain of the Bicentennial ': conducted in 1989 near the

Church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * Chri ...

by a companion for the commemoration of the bicentenary of the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

. The three columns each illustrate a style: the

Doric Doric may refer to: * Doric, of or relating to the Dorians of ancient Greece ** Doric Greek, the dialects of the Dorians * Doric order, a style of ancient Greek architecture * Doric mode, a synonym of Dorian mode * Doric dialect (Scotland) * Doric ...

, the Ionic,

Corinth Corinth ( ; el, Κόρινθος, Kórinthos, ) is the successor to an ancient city, and is a former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it has been part ...

ian. * Pagoda fountain oriental style, it was built in 1648 as indicated in its glazed colored tiles, probably from the drawings (and the money) of an Anduzien who went to look for silkworm eggs from the

east East or Orient is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth. Etymology As in other languages, the word is formed from the fac ...

. * The fountain of Potters: located between the street and the Gaussorgues Fusterie street, it covers the base of the ridge of a house on the corner. It owes its name to the fact that many pottery workshops occupied this area there are still a few decades. * The church Fontaine: dated 1715, it is located on the site of an old cemetery once instead Cemetery. The pyramid or obelisk that overcomes the fountain has a surprising optical effect from a certain angle, this because of the three stone balls that form the base. * The fountain of Notre Dame in 1715. It owes its name to an ancient chapel now gone. * The Pradier fountain in classical style, it dates from the early nineteenth century. It consists of a large circular pool at its center, on an ornate pedestal, took a basin, supporting itself a composite style column

Churches

The town of Anduze has long been a centre for diverse

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι� ...

traditions, and this is reflected in the variety of

church building A church, church building or church house is a building used for Christian worship services and other Christian religious activities. The earliest identified Christian church is a house church founded between 233 and 256. From the 11th thro ...

s today * The Main

church is one of the largest in France, built between 1820 and 1823 neoclassical style with its large

portico A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cul ...

with

column A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression (physical), compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column i ...

s supporting a large triangular

pediment Pediments are gables, usually of a triangular shape. Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the lintel, or entablature, if supported by columns. Pediments can contain an overdoor and are usually topped by hood moulds. A pedim ...

. It was built on the site of the court Barracks. The nave is organized into a

semicircle In mathematics (and more specifically geometry), a semicircle is a one-dimensional locus of points that forms half of a circle. The full arc of a semicircle always measures 180° (equivalently, radians, or a half-turn). It has only one line o ...

divided into three spans supported on columns that support vast grandstands that run along the 4 walls; this architecture is very similar to that of the church of

Saint-Hippolyte-du-Fort Saint-Hippolyte-du-Fort (; oc, Sent Ipolit) is a commune in the Gard department, Occitania, southern France. The town has a silk museum and barracks. Population In literature A book titled 'Divided Loyalties' described life in the commune and ...

, which is larger in area by only a small number of square

s. It has an important

organ Organ may refer to: Biology * Organ (biology), a part of an organism Musical instruments * Organ (music), a family of keyboard musical instruments characterized by sustained tone ** Electronic organ, an electronic keyboard instrument ** Hammond ...

dating from 1848. Organists, such as Marie Louise Girod, had the privilege to play on this instrument since its complete restoration in 1964. There is a marble

pulpit A pulpit is a raised stand for preachers in a Christian church. The origin of the word is the Latin ''pulpitum'' (platform or staging). The traditional pulpit is raised well above the surrounding floor for audibility and visibility, acces ...

with a very graceful double staircase and the table communion also in marble which is said that the lion heads come from the former base of the statue of Louis XIV that adorned the Place du Peyrou in Montpellier defeated the Revolution ... the tower wall to a bay is not placed on the north main facade, but on the south gable. It houses a bell from 1883 Following the workshops Baudouin de Marseille and weighs 650 kg. File:Anduze-Grand temple-Salle de l'Assemblée VN-20120901.jpg, File:Anduze-Grand temple-Salle de l'Assemblée VS-20120901.jpg, File:Anduze-Grand temple-Chaire à prêcher-20120901.jpg, * The Hall of Salle Assemblée. Chaire to prêcher.the first Protestant church: In 1567, its premises located at 5 rue Notarized in a street of the old Anduze. Later, in 1590, it was enlarged. Upon revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Protestants were expelled from 5 Notarized street to get into the mountains and especially the "desert" (now the museum of the same name tells this epic). In addition to being the first Protestant church, the house of the 5 Notarized street is known for being the consular house, one of the first schools, an important place in the history of Anduze. * The church of

Saint-Étienne Saint-Étienne (; frp, Sant-Etiève; oc, Sant Estève, ) is a city and the prefecture of the Loire department in eastern-central France, in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Saint-Étienne is the ...

was built between 1686 and 1688 on the site of the old

demolished after the revocation of the

Edict of Nantes The Edict of Nantes () was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV and granted the Calvinist Protestants of France, also known as Huguenots, substantial rights in the nation, which was in essence completely Catholic. In the edict, Henry aimed pr ...

in 1685. The bell tower with its stone dome 4 section Dates from 1588. * The

Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's ...

chapel, second half of the 19th century.

Gallery

File:FR-30-Anduze1.JPG, View of the village File:FR-30-Anduze2.JPG, La montagne dominant Anduze. File:190 Bambouseraie de Prafrance 5 Le niveau atteint par les crues du Gardon.JPG, La hauteur des crues du Gardon d'Anduze (à la bambouseraie de Prafrance). File:Blason_de_la_ville_d'Anduze_(30).svg, Coat of Arms File:FR-30-Anduze6.JPG, La route en direction de

Saint-Jean-du-Gard Saint-Jean-du-Gard ( oc, Sant Joan de Gardonenca) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France. History This city of the Cévennes, first mentioned in a 12th-century papal bull (''San Johannis de Gardonnenca cum villa''), was very much ...

et le pont ferroviaire sur le Gardon d'Anduze. File:FR-30-Anduze5.JPG, Le « Gardon d'Anduze ». File:FR-30-Anduze3.JPG, La route le long du « Gardon d'Anduze ».