Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot (died 4 May 1664; sometimes spelt "Rutherfurd") was a Scottish soldier.

Early life

Andrew was the fifth and youngest son of a merchant burgess of EdinburghWilliam Rutherfurd (died 1624) of Wrightslands and of Easter and Wester Quarrelholes in

Restalrig Restalrig () is a small residential suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland (historically, an estate and independent parish). It is located east of the city centre, west of Craigentinny and to the east of Lochend, both of which it overlaps. Restalri ...

and his wife Isobel (married 1608), daughter of James Stewart of

Traquair Traquair ( gd, Cille Bhrìghde) is a small village and civil parish in the Scottish Borders; until 1975 it was in the county of Peeblesshire. The village is situated on the B709 road south of Innerleithen at . History Traquair, said to mea ...

. He received his education at

Edinburgh University The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals) is a Public university, public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted ...

, and later took up a career in the military in France.

Career

During the Commonwealth (or, to monarchists, the Interregnum), Rutherford served the French government, which maintained regiments of Scottish soldiers throughout the Thirty Years's War. On the restoration of Charles II, Rutherford was taken into employment by his own king on the recommendation of

Louis XIV of France , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of ...

. According to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition, he became a lieutenant general in France and had a high reputation for personal courage; however, the '' Dictionary of National Biography'' states that he "never rose beyond the rank of colonel in French service, and was certainly not promoted to the prestigious rank of lieutenant général." Rutherford returned to Scotland in 1660. In 1661 Charles II gave him the Scottish title of Lord Rutherfurd and the governorship of Dunkirk, which had been acquired by the Protector

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three K ...

. When Charles II sold the town to France in 1662 Rutherford was consoled by the command of the Colony of Tangier and the Tangier Regiment, and was made Earl of Teviot. He was sent in 1663 as governor to

Tangier Tangier ( ; ; ar, طنجة, Ṭanja) is a city in northwestern Morocco. It is on the Moroccan coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel. The town is the capi ...

. His tenure of office was very short, for on 4 May 1664 he was trapped at the Battle of Tangier in an ambush by the

Moors The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or ...

, who had been carrying out incessant irregular warfare against the English garrison, and was killed, together with nineteen officers and nearly five hundred men of the garrison.

Personal life

On 18 April 1651, Rutherfurd was married to Susanna de Melville at Migueri in the

Châtelain Châtelain (from la, castellanus, derived from ''castellum''; pertaining to a castle, fortress. Middle English: ''castellan'' from Anglo-Norman language, Anglo-Norman: ''castellain'' and Old French: ''castelain'') was originally the French title ...

of Bois Commune in France. By his death without lawful male issue the earldom of Teviot became extinct; but on 23 December 1663 he had executed at

Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council. Portsmouth is the most dens ...

a general settlement of his estates and dignities to his cousin Sir Thomas Rutherford of Hunthill, who on 16 December 1665 was served heir in his title of Lord Rutherford and also in his lands.

Legacy

In his will he donated funds to his former university in Edinburgh, for the construction of eight chambers, and gave directions that a Latin inscription which he had composed should be placed upon the building.

References

External links

* Matthew Glozier, ''Scottish Soldiers in France the service of the Sun King'' (Brill, Leiden, 2004). * W. F. Lord, ''The Lost Possessions of England'' (London, 1896). , - {{DEFAULTSORT:Teviot, Andrew Rutherford, Earl of 17th-century births Year of birth unknown 1664 deaths 17th-century Scottish people 17th-century soldiers Military personnel from Edinburgh Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Earls in the Peerage of Scotland Peers of Scotland created by Charles II English army officers Garde Écossaise officers Governors of Tangier Soldiers of the Tangier Garrison Scottish generals Scottish military personnel killed in action Scottish mercenaries Scottish people of the Thirty Years' War Scottish philanthropists Scottish Roman Catholics 17th-century philanthropists British colonels