An-74
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The Antonov An-74 (
NATO reporting name NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment from Russia, China, and historically, the Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manne ...
: Coaler) is a
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
/
Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...
transport aircraft Transport aircraft is a broad category of aircraft that includes: * Airliners, aircraft, usually large and most often operated by airlines, intended for carrying multiple passengers or cargo in commercial service * Cargo aircraft or freighters, fix ...
developed by
Antonov Antonov State Enterprise ( uk, Державне підприємство «Антонов»), formerly the Aeronautical Scientific-Technical Complex named after Antonov (Antonov ASTC) ( uk, Авіаційний науково-технічни ...
. It is a variant of the
An-72 The Antonov An-72 (NATO reporting name: Coaler) is a Soviet/Ukrainian transport aircraft, developed by Antonov. It was designed as an STOL transport and intended as a replacement for the Antonov An-26, but variants have found success as commer ...
. The An-72 and An-74 get their nickname, , from the large engine intake ducts, which resemble the oversized ears of the popular Soviet animated character of the same name.


Design and development

The An-74 was initially an upgrade of the An-72 test aircraft, intended to be used in the
Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...
and
Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ...
; and had the designation An-72A "Arctic". The aircraft's main purpose is to deliver cargo, equipment and personnel over short- and medium-range routes in any climatic conditions ranging from and at any latitude, including the
North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. It is called the True North Pole to distinguish from the Mag ...
, and high altitudes. It can operate to and from low grade airstrips such as concrete, pebble, ice and snow aerodromes. Produced in tandem with the An-72, the An-74 can be fitted with wheel-ski
landing gear Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft that is used for takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally needed for both. It was also formerly called ''alighting gear'' by some manufacturers, such as the Glenn L. Martin ...
, de-icing equipment and a number of other upgrades allowing the aircraft to support operations in Arctic or Antarctic environments. An unusual design feature of the An-74 (as well as An-72) is the use of the
Coandă effect The Coandă effect ( or ) is the tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a convex surface. ''Merriam-Webster'' describes it as "the tendency of a jet of fluid emerging from an orifice to follow an adjacent flat or curved surface and to ent ...
to improve
STOL A short takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft is a conventional fixed-wing aircraft that has short runway requirements for takeoff and landing. Many STOL-designed aircraft also feature various arrangements for use on airstrips with harsh conditio ...
performance, utilizing engine exhaust gases blown over the wing's upper surface to boost lift. The powerplant used is the
Lotarev D-36 The Ivchenko Progress D-36 (also known as Lotarev D-36) is a three-shaft high bypass ratio turbofan currently produced by the Ukrainian Motor Sich company.
turbofan The turbofan or fanjet is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used in aircraft engine, aircraft propulsion. The word "turbofan" is a portmanteau of "turbine" and "fan": the ''turbo'' portion refers to a gas turbine engine which ac ...
engine. The An-74 bears some resemblance to the unsuccessful
Boeing YC-14 The Boeing YC-14 is a twinjet short take-off and landing (STOL) tactical military transport aircraft. It was Boeing's entrant into the United States Air Force's Advanced Medium STOL Transport (AMST) competition, which aimed to replace the Lockhe ...
, a prototype design from the early 1970s which had also used overwing engines and the Coandă effect. The rear fuselage of the aircraft has a hinged loading ramp with a rear fairing that slides backwards and up to clear the opening. The An-74 has a payload of 7.5 tons including up to ten passengers in the cargo version, or up to 52 seats in the passenger version; the operating ceiling is and cruising speed is . The aircraft may also be used for highly specialized operations: * pilotage and vessel escort; * establishing and servicing of drifting stations; * research operations in Arctic or Antarctic regions; * visual ice patrol; * fishery reconnaissance.


Operational history

As of January 1, 2006, twenty-three out of thirty aircraft registered in
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
were in operation.


Variants

* An-74: Arctic/Antarctic support model with room for five crew, increased fuel capacity, larger radar in bulged nose radome, improved navigation equipment, better de-icing equipment, and can be fitted with wheel-skis
landing gear Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft that is used for takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally needed for both. It was also formerly called ''alighting gear'' by some manufacturers, such as the Glenn L. Martin ...
. * An-74-200: Military transport based on the An-74T * An-74-200D: VIP/executive transport version of the An-74TK-200. Also called An-74D. * An-74A: Passenger or freighter model. * An-74MP: Marine Patrol version. Can transport 44 soldiers, 22 paratroops, 16 stretchers with medical staff, or ten tonnes of cargo. * An-74T: Freighter version equipped with an internal winch, roller equipment, and cargo mooring points, can also be fitted with static lines for paratroops or dropping air cargo. * An-74T-100: Cargo version with four crew. * An-74T-200: Cargo version with two crew. * An-74T-200A: Military Transport aircraft * An-74TK-100: Convertible version of the An-74T-100. It could be configured for passenger, cargo or both. * An-74TK-100S: Medevac version of An-74TK-100. * An-74TK-200: Convertible version of the An-74T-200. * An-74TK-200C: Cargo variant of An-74TK-200 * An-74TK-200S: Medevac version of An-74T-200. * An-74TK-300: An-74TK-200 model primarily for civil customers with more fuel-efficient engines on conventional underwing pylons that gives up the STOL capabilities of earlier models in favor of lower operating cost and higher speed, also incorporates improved avionics and passenger comfort features. Redesignated to An-148 in 2001. * An-74-400: Proposed stretch model of the An-74TK-300 with a fuselage insert to extend its length by 26 ft (8 m), also would be equipped with uprated engines.


Operators


Civilian

; *
Pouya Air Pouya Air, trading as ''Pouya'', is an Iranian cargo airline with its head office at Mehrabad International Airport in Tehran. Third party maintenance is also performed. History In late 2012, Yas Air changed its name to Pouya Air, reflecting the ...
; *
UTair Cargo UTAir Cargo is a Russian cargo airline based in Plekhanov, Tyumen and a subsidiary of Utair. Destinations UTair Cargo carries out aerial survey work, forest fire observation, paratrooper and charter passenger transport, and mail deliveries on be ...
*
Shar Ink In the Unix operating system, shar (an abbreviation of ''shell archive'') is an archive format created with the Unix shar utility. A shar file is a type of self-extracting archive, because it is a valid shell script, and executing it will recr ...
* 2nd Sverdlovsk Air Enterprise ; *
Motor Sich Airlines Motor Sich is a Ukrainian airline based in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. It operates passenger and cargo services, including charter and scheduled flights. Its main base is Zaporizhzhia International Airport. History The airline was established in 1 ...


Military

; *
Egyptian Air Force The Egyptian Air Force (EAF) ( ar, القوات الجوية المصرية, El Qūwāt El Gawīyä El Maṣrīya), is the aviation branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces that is responsible for all airborne defence missions and operates all milit ...
: Nine (An-74T-200A) (four more on order) ; *
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force , patron = , motto = , "Skyhigh is my place" , colours = Ultramarine blue , colours_label = , march = , mascot ...
: Four (An-74TK-200), seven (An-74T-200); later transferred to
Iranian Revolutionary Guard The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC; fa, سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی, Sepāh-e Pāsdārān-e Enghelāb-e Eslāmi, lit=Army of Guardians of the Islamic Revolution also Sepāh or Pasdaran for short) is a branch o ...
; *
Turkmen Air Force The Turkmen Air Force ( tk, Türkmen Howa Güýçleri) is the air force branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan. It was formed from former Soviet Air Forces units within that region of the Turkestan Military District. The Turkmen Air Force in ...
: Two (An-74TK-200)


Notable accidents and incidents

* On 16 September 1991, an An-74 carrying a cargo shipment of fish from
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ( rus, Петропавловск-Камчатский, a=Петропавловск-Камчатский.ogg, p=pʲɪtrɐˈpavləfsk kɐmˈtɕatskʲɪj) is a city and the administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultur ...
to
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
via
Lensk Lensk ( rus, Ленск, p=lʲɛnsk; sah, Лиэнскэй, ''Lienskey'') is a town and the administrative center of Lensky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 24,966. Geography Lensk is loca ...
and
Omsk Omsk (; rus, Омск, p=omsk) is the administrative center and largest city of Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated in southwestern Siberia, and has a population of over 1.1 million. Omsk is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk ...
crashed after takeoff from Lensk Airport, killing all 13 people on board. The cause of the accident was an overloading of the aircraft, combined with the premature retraction of the wing flaps. * On 23 April 2006, a
Libyan Air Force The Libyan Air Force ( ar, القوات الجوية الليبية) is the branch of the Libyan Armed Forces responsible for aerial warfare. In 2010, before the Libyan Civil War, the Libyan Air Force personnel strength was estimated at 18,000 ...
An-74TK-200 carrying food aid to
Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...
crashed near the village of Kousséri in neighbouring Cameroon after abandoning its landing at
N'Djamena N'Djamena ( ) is the capital and largest city of Chad. It is also a special statute region, divided into 10 districts or ''arrondissements''. The city serves as the centre of economic activity in Chad. Meat, fish and cotton processing are the ...
. All six
Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...
crew members were confirmed dead. * On 27 November 2006, an Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps Antonov An-74, serial number 15-2255, crashed on takeoff at Tehran Mehrabad Airport. There were 37 fatalities, out of 38 occupants on board the aircraft. * On 17 May 2014, a
Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force The Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force (LPLAAF) is the air force of Laos. History The present-day LPLAAF is descended from the Aviation Laotienne, which was established by the French and later became the Royal Lao Air Force. Pathet Lao guerr ...
An-74TK-300 carrying Laos Defence Minister
Douangchay Phichit Lieutenant general Douangchay Phichit (; 5 April 1944 – 17 May 2014) was a Laos, Laotian politician from Attapeu and a Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (from the 7th Con ...
and other senior officials
crashed "Crashed" is the third U.S. rock Single (music), single, (the fifth overall), from the band Daughtry (band), Daughtry's debut album. It was released only to U.S. rock stations on September 5, 2007. Upon its release the song got adds at those stat ...
in the north of the country in the
Xiangkhouang Province Xiangkhouang ( Lao: ຊຽງຂວາງ, meaning 'Horizontal City') is a province of Laos on the Xiangkhoang Plateau, in the nation's northeast. The province has the distinction of being the most heavily bombed place on Earth. The province ...
, nearly from the capital
Vientiane Vientiane ( , ; lo, ວຽງຈັນ, ''Viangchan'', ) is the capital and largest city of Laos. Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of ...
. * On 29 July 2017, An-74TK100 UR-CKC of CAVOK Air crashed on take-off from
São Tomé International Airport São Tomé International Airport ( pt, Aeroporto Internacional de São Tomé) is a minor international airport located on São Tomé Island, from the city of São Tomé. It is the main airport serving São Tomé and Príncipe. Facilities Th ...
and was damaged beyond repair. A birdstrike was reported and the aircraft overran the end of the runway whilst attempting to abort the take-off. * On 3 August 2020, An-74TK-100 RA-74044 of
UTair Utair (russian: ОАО «Авиакомпания «ЮТэйр») () is a Russian airline with its head office at Khanty-Mansiysk Airport while its hubs are at Surgut International Airport and Vnukovo International Airport. It operates schedule ...
was written off during a
runway excursion A runway excursion is a runway safety incident where an aircraft makes an inappropriate exit from the runway. Runway excursions include runway overruns, where an aircraft is unable to stop before it reaches the end of the runway. Runway excursion ...
after arriving at
Gao International Airport Gao International Airport , also known as Korogoussou Airport, is an airport in Gao, Mali. Airlines and destinations In addition to civilian travel, Gao serves the adjacent Malian military base Camp Firhoun Ag Alinsar as well as the German m ...
,
Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali ...
from
Modibo Keita International Airport Modibo Keita International Airport (formerly Bamako–Sénou International Airport) is Mali's main airport located approximately south of downtown Bamako, the capital of Mali in West Africa. It is the country's only international airport. It ...
. The aircraft had been carrying out operations for the United Nations task force
MINUSMA The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (, MINUSMA) is a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Mali. MINUSMA was established on 25 April 2013 by United Nations Security Council Resolution 2100 to stabilise t ...
. No fatalities were reported, but all 11 people on board sustained injuries of varying severity. * On 24 February 2022, an unknown Antonov AN-74 was confirmed to be destroyed by Russian Artillery Along With Antonov Airlines An-74T in the battle in Hostomel, Kyiv.


Specifications


See also


References


External links


An-74TK-200 Technical characteristics

An-72/An-74 Family
( Data for An-72A & List of all known An-72/An-74 Family variants )






AN-74TK-300 modification at Antonov's site

AN-74T modification at Antonov's site
{{Antonov aircraft An-074 1980s Soviet cargo aircraft 1980s Soviet military transport aircraft Twinjets T-tail aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1983 Engine-over-wing aircraft