Ambleville () is a former

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

in the Charente department in the

Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by ...

region of southwestern

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

. On 1 January 2022, it was merged into the new commune of Lignières-Ambleville. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Amblevillois'' or ''Amblevilloises''.

Geography

Location and access

Ambleville is a commune in the west of the department of Charente located 7 km south of Segonzac, 18 km southeast of

Cognac Cognac ( , also , ) is a variety of brandy named after the commune of Cognac, France. It is produced in the surrounding wine-growing region in the departments of Charente and Charente-Maritime. Cognac production falls under French appella ...

, and 31 km west of Angoulême. The area of the commune of Ambleville is about 500 hectares. The village of Ambleville is also 7 km east of Archiac, 10 km north of

Barbezieux-Saint-Hilaire Barbezieux-Saint-Hilaire () is a commune in the Charente department, Southwestern France. The commune was formed in 1973 by the merger of the former communes Barbezieux and Saint-Hilaire.Chateauneuf-sur-Charente. The main route to the commune is the D699 road from Angoulême to Archiac,

Pons The pons (from Latin , "bridge") is part of the brainstem that in humans and other bipeds lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum. The pons is also called the pons Varolii ("bridge of Va ...

, and

Jonzac Jonzac (; french: label=Poitevin-Saintongese, Jhonzat) is a commune of the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. The historian Jean Glénisson (1921–2010) was born in Jonzac as well as the philosopher Jean ...

via Châteauneuf. This former national road was part of the road from Limoges in Haute-Vienne to Mirambeau in

Charente-Maritime Charente-Maritime () is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region on the southwestern coast of France. Named after the river Charente, its prefecture is La Rochelle. As of 2019, it had a population of 651,358 with an area of 6,864 square kil ...

. The D44 road goes northwest towards Cognac via Saint-Fort-sur-le-Né and goes south towards

Barbezieux Barbezieux-Saint-Hilaire () is a commune in the Charente department, Southwestern France. The commune was formed in 1973 by the merger of the former communes Barbezieux and Saint-Hilaire.IGN Map on the

Géoportail Géoportail is a comprehensive web mapping service of the French government that publishes maps and geophysical aerial photographs from more than 90 sources for France and its territories. The service, first developed by two public agencies (the ...

The nearest railway stations are Chateauneuf-sur-Charente (in the direction of Angoulême) and Jarnac Charente (in the direction of Saintes and

Royan Royan (; in the Saintongeais dialect; oc, Roian) is a commune and town in the south-west of France, in the department of Charente-Maritime in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its inhabitants are known as ''Royannais'' and ''Royannaises''. Capi ...

) both located 14 km from the town. The

station is 21 km from the town and has services to Bordeaux Saint-Jean in one direction as well as

La Rochelle La Rochelle (, , ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''La Rochéle''; oc, La Rochèla ) is a city on the west coast of France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the Charente-Maritime department. Wi ...

and Nantes in the other direction.

Hamlets and localities

The population is distributed in twenty hamlets or "villages" - the term used in ''Saintonge'' and the South-West of France. The town has a few houses grouped around the church. The two major population centres are: ''le Château'' and ''la Motte'' both near the village near the road to Chateauneuf. The town hall is located at ''le Château''. ''La Voûte'' is the highest point in the commune in the north with other hamlets of ''Chez Philbert'' and ''La Bertillère'' in the south of the commune, ''le Guineuf'' on the Collinaud stream etc.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Geology and terrain

The commune is made up of

Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous Epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campani ...

(

Upper Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', th ...

)

chalk Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed deep under the sea by the compression of microscopic plankton that had settled to the sea floor. Ch ...

limestone, which covers a large part of the South Charente. The valleys are covered by

alluvium Alluvium (from Latin ''alluvius'', from ''alluere'' 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. ...

from the recent Quaternary period. The communal land has a quite hilly relief which rises gradually to reach, at its northern end near the hamlet of ''la Voûte'', a height 95 m. The small Collinaud valley in the south of the commune is located where the town and the main road are. The lowest point is 34 m at the western edge of the commune along the Collinaud. The town is located at the tip of a small promontory in the valley and is 40 m above sea level.

Hydrography

The town is bounded on the south by the ''Collinaud'' stream which flows from the town of Bonneuil. It is a tributary of the Né and a sub-tributary of the Charente. Two small intermittent streams descend from both sides of the Castle to join the Collinaud near the village. Further west the ''Font Moreau'' rises while further east ''les Boulots'' flows down from

Sonneville Sonneville is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune Rouillac.

Climate

As for three-quarters of the department in the south and west, the climate is

oceanic Oceanic may refer to: *Of or relating to the ocean *Of or relating to Oceania **Oceanic climate **Oceanic languages **Oceanic person or people, also called "Pacific Islander(s)" Places * Oceanic, British Columbia, a settlement on Smith Island, ...

Aquitaine.

Toponymy

In the absence of old spellings, we can relate Ambleville to the homonymous commune of Ambleville in Val-d'Oise, Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, ''Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Librairie Guénégaud, 1979, Paris, , passage 14a attested in the Latinized form of ''Amblenvilla'' in 1209.Ernest Nègre, ''General Toponymy of France'' (Read online)
/ref> The name has a medieval source in ''-ville'' which is a toponymic suffix meaning "rural area" or "village", from the Gallo-Roman ''villa'' meaning "rural area", itself derived from the Latin ''

villa rustica Villa rustica () was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large ...

''. The first part is, as is usually the case, a Germanic personal name. It can be ''Ambla'' - a woman's name, or ''Amblinus'' - a man's name, or alternatively ''Amelinus''. These anthroponyms are well represented in northern France (see

Amblainville Amblainville () is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. Population See also * Communes of the Oise department The following is a list of the 679 communes of the Oise department of France. The communes cooperate in the fol ...

Ablancourt Ablancourt () is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the ...

, Amblimont, etc.). The radical ''amal-'' is found in the names ''Amélie'' and ''Amaury''. La Motte is a medieval place name meaning "butte" or "mound of earth", attested in

medieval Latin Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages. In this region it served as the primary written language, though local languages were also written to varying degrees. Latin functione ...

in the form ''motta'' in 836, for a term of pre-Latin origin ''*mutt(a)''. This term also meant once a stately home or castle.

History

The commune has been occupied since ancient times as proto-historic ditches have been found: circular at ''Moulin du Guineuf'' and oval at a place called ''le Guineuf'' - a rounded shape that may be a

tumulus A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds or ''kurgans'', and may be found throughout much of the world. A cairn, which is a mound of stones bu ...

which has been leveled - near the Ambleville church to the east. In the west of the commune fragments of

Iron Age The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age ( Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age ( Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostl ...

vases have been found. The land of Ambleville was most important and very old, extending over five parishes. ''Ramnulphe d'Ambleville'' lived there in 1239 and ''Arnaud d'Ambleville'' was quoted in a judgment of 1311. An Ambleville lord was a herald for

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (french: link=yes, Jeanne d'Arc, translit= �an daʁk} ; 1412 – 30 May 1431) is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the coronat ...

. The lands of Ambleville then passed into the Archiac family. the ''Marquise of Archiac'' left a daughter, ''Jacquette'', who married ''Pierre Jourdain'' and transmitted to him the ownership of Ambleville. In 1548 during the salt tax revolt, ''François Jourdain'' was Baron of Ambleville. Wanting to stand up to sedition he only succeeded in rousing the people against him and was forced to flee. The insurgents seized the Ambleville castle, set it on fire, and reduced it to ashes. The Jordan family was succeeded by the Jussac family, the best known of whom was François de Jussac, who became captain of fifty men at arms under the orders of the king, then Governor of

and lieutenant-general of

Angoumois Angoumois (), historically the County of Angoulême, was a county and province of France, originally inferior to the parent duchy of Aquitaine, similar to the Périgord to its east but lower and generally less forested, equally with occasional vin ...

and

Saintonge Saintonge may refer to: *County of Saintonge, a historical province of France on the Atlantic coast *Saintonge (region), a region of France corresponding to the historical province Places *Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge, a commune in the Charente-Mari ...

. In 1621 he lent his support to the

Duke of Épernon Duke of Épernon (french: Duc d'Épernon) was a noble title in the peerage of France granted to Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette by Henry III of France in 1581. It is named after Épernon. List of Dukes of Épernon, 1581—1736 Louis de Pa ...

to raise a body of troops to besiege the city of

. Towards 1643, the Jussac family sold Ambleville to ''Henri d'Albret'', Squire of

and Count of Miossens who, a few years later, assigned this land to his third son, ''François Amanieu'' who was better known as the ''Chevalier d'Albret''. The latter never married and was killed in a duel by ''Mr. Saint-Léger Corbon'' and Ambleville passed to the house of Pons represented by ''Charles Amanieu'' the Marquis d'Albret who was his nephew. He shot himself on 5 August 1678 and his widow remarried to Charles, Viscount of Marsan who was the youngest son of the

Count of Harcourt {{Unreferenced, date=June 2019, bot=noref (GreenC bot) When the Viking chieftain Rollo obtained via the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte the territories which would later make up Normandy, he distributed them as estates among his main supporters. Am ...

. She left all her property to her second husband whose second wife was ''Thérèse de Goyon-Matignon''. Several children were born of this union including ''Jacques-Henri de Lorraine-Lixin'' who received a share of the land of Ambleville. He was a General who was killed on 2 June 1734 at the Siege of Philippsbourg in Germany. Ambleville was then sold to ''Mr. de Monconseil'', a Lieutenant-General whose daughter Cécile married '' Jean-Frédéric de la Tour du Pin-Gouvernet'', Colonel of the Grenadiers of France. The marriage contract was signed by the royal family. Appointed the Member for

in the

States General The word States-General, or Estates-General, may refer to: Currently in use * Estates-General on the Situation and Future of the French Language in Quebec, the name of a commission set up by the government of Quebec on June 29, 2000 * States Gener ...

in 1789, he wholeheartedly accepted the Revolution and was appointed Minister of War on 4 August 1789. During

the Terror The Reign of Terror (french: link=no, la Terreur) was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, ...

he was accused of ''moderation'', then arrested, sentenced to death, and executed on 28 April 1794. Under

Louis XVIII Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in ...

his son became a peer of France and Ambassador in

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The ...

. During the Revolution, the rich lordship of Ambleville was completely dismantled. The new authorities did not want Ambleville to retain its political and economic hegemony over the region. It was therefore decided that it would be the smallest commune in the area, keeping only the core of the ancient lordship. A Tree of Liberty - a lime tree - was planted along the Archiac road towards the village of La Motte. It was cut down in the 1980s. The commune of Ambleville was provided with a notarial study located in the village of Guineuf. This study was transferred to Segonzac in 1924 after the death in 1919 of the last notary, Alcide Renaud.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Ambleville ;Mayors from 1942 The commune of Ambleville was part of the Canton of Lignières then since 1801 that of Segonzac and of the district then the arrondissement of Cognac. In 1995 the commune joined the Community of Communes of the Grande Champagne with 11 other communes in the Canton de Segonzac. In 2011 the municipal budget voted on 4 April 2011 set the local tax rate at 7.46% for the housing tax, 18.80% for housing tax and 45.07% for property tax on buildings. The unified business tax (TPU) was set at the rate of 15.24% as seen in all other communes in the Community of communes of Grande Champagne which is then distributed throughout the territory.

Population

Distribution of Age Groups

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Ambleville and Charente Department in 2017 Source: INSEEÉvolution et structure de la population en 2017: Commune d'Ambleville (16010)
/ref>

Economy

Agriculture

Viticulture Viticulture (from the Latin word for '' vine'') or winegrowing (wine growing) is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of '' Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, ...

is almost the only resource of the Ambleville economy. A dozen farms were identified in 2011. Approximately 305 hectares of vineyards are planted which is roughly 60% of the communal territory. Six growers sell their production directly.

Shops

A rural baker provides a mobile service in the surrounding hamlets. There is also a bar and a street pizzeria. Trades in Ambleville are a carpenter-cabinetmaker, a bricklayer, a plasterer, and a garage for cars and agricultural machinery.

Tourism

A rural cottage (4 stars) welcomes tourists to the village of Guineuf.

Facilities, services and local life

Education

The school is an intercommunal educational grouping (RPI) between Ambleville, Lignières-Sonneville, and

Criteuil-la-Magdeleine Criteuil-la-Magdeleine () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. Population See also *Communes of the Charente department The following is a list of the 364 communes of the Charente department of France. The com ...

. Lignières-Sonneville accommodates the kindergarten and both Ambleville and Criteuil-la-Magdeleine have elementary schools. The RPI is managed by a SIVOS (School-related Intercommunal Union) which was established in 1979 and took the name of SIVOS of the ''Great South Champagne''. The association brings together these three communes and that of Saint-Palais-du-Né which joined in 2007 and where there has been another school since 2006.

Health

The town has a nurse located in the village of La Motte. Doctors, pharmacy and all other types of service are available in nearby communes. There are many childminders in the commune.

Other services

The commune is connected to the broadband network for Internet connections. The high speed network should have arrived in 2012. There has been foster care for three elderly residents since 2009.

Associations

Communal associations are: *ACDLA (Cultural Association for Relaxation and Leisure of Ambleville) *Association of Parents of Students of RPI Great Southern Champagne *Hostel Amblevillois *Ambleville Hunting Society *Association of Blood Donors

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage

The commune has many sites that are registered as historical monuments: *A Farmhouse at Le Chateau (1) (19th century) *A Farmhouse at Le Chateau (2) (19th century) *A Farmhouse at Le Chateau (3) (19th century) *A Farmhouse at Le Chateau (4) (19th century) *A Farmhouse at La Bertillière (1)(1861) *A Farmhouse at La Bertillière (2) (1861) *A Fortified Chateau (14th century) *A Manor at La Voûte (18th century) *A Farmhouse at La Roumade (19th century) *A Farmhouse at Chez-Guineux (19th century) *A Farmhouse at Chez le Court (18th century) *A Farmhouse at Chez-Bouyer (18th century) *The War Memorial at Le Chateau (1920) is unique in this region where the majority of buildings were built in stone. It is made of dark gray

Limousin Limousin (; oc, Lemosin ) is a former administrative region of southwest-central France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It comprised three departments: Corrèze, Creuse, and Haute-Vienn ...

granite. *The Square at Le Chateau (18th century) *The Market Building at Le Chateau (19th century) *The School at Le Chateau (19th century) *Farmhouses (18th-19th centuries) ;Other sites of interest *The Chateau of Ambleville was built in the 14th century and was burned by insurgents opposed to the

Gabelle The ''gabelle'' () was a very unpopular tax on salt in France that was established during the mid-14th century and lasted, with brief lapses and revisions, until 1946. The term ''gabelle'' is derived from the Italian ''gabella'' (a duty), itself ...

(salt tax) in 1548. It was rebuilt later at Le Chateau. Remains of the original walls still existed in the middle of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century at a place called Le Vieux Chateau (The Old Castle). There is no trace today. *The commune has six old

Lavoir A lavoir (wash-house) is a public place set aside for the washing of clothes. Communal washing places were common in Europe until industrial washing was introduced, and this process in turn was replaced by domestic washing machines and by laun ...

s (Public Laundries) with the most interesting being those at ''la Voûte'' and ''La Roumade''. There are also many wells including two remarkable ones on two private properties at Guineuf. Image:Ambleville1.1.JPG, A Well Image:Ambleville1.2.JPG, Another Well Image:Ambleville1.9.JPG, A Pump Image:Ambleville1.5.JPG, A Wayside Cross

Religious Heritage

The commune has several religious sites that are registered as historical monuments: *The Church of Saint Peter The Church of Saint Peter (12th century) was the main element of a Benedictine priory. It was part of the former diocese of Saintes and belonged to the abbey of Baignes. Its

nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...

, which has no

pilaster In classical architecture, a pilaster is an architectural element used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It consists of a flat surface raised from the main wal ...

, covered by a ceiling is next to a false square from the 11th century. The

choir A choir ( ; also known as a chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform. Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which sp ...

with a flat chevet is surmounted by a

vault Vault may refer to: * Jumping, the act of propelling oneself upwards Architecture * Vault (architecture), an arched form above an enclosed space * Bank vault, a reinforced room or compartment where valuables are stored * Burial vault (enclosure ...

from the late 15th century mounted on heavy

ribs The rib cage, as an enclosure that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum in the thorax of most vertebrates, protects vital organs such as the heart, lungs and great vessels. The sternum, together known as the thoracic cage, is a semi- ...

. Only the choir has three windows, two of them - the north and the south - are broken and one has three transoms and flamboyant latticework. The side walls are pierced with fake square arches leading into two

Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...

chapels with two bays extending along the nave. The South has three keyhole arches and three columns with capitals decorated with small leaves from the end of the 14th century. The Cylindrical baptismal font with ornate ring moldings dates from the 16th century. The facade has a door and three open arches. The first floor is decorated with three arches. The north chapel has a door with curly brackets on its west wall. Buttresses reinforce the corners of the chapels and the chevet. The rectangular bell tower is on the first floor with its faces pierced with two bays. The second floor has a rectangular bay and is surmounted by a cornice and a hipped roof on four sides. The bell, dating from 1639 and classed as a Historic Monument in 1944, unlike many bells, was not melted during the

Revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...

to make weapons despite the quite revolutionary spirit of the people. The inhabitants of the commune were attached to their bell and its particular tone and convinced the new revolutionary authorities to maintain it, saying it was useful to them to tell them the changes in the new Republican calendar. The cemetery is located near the church. Previously, it was in front of the church where the current square is. It was moved in the early 1930s to help create the current square which was itself renovated in 2007. The patron saint of the parish of Ambleville is Saint Eutropius, the first

bishop of Saintes The former French diocese of Saintes existed from the 6th century to the French Revolution. Its bishops had their see in the cathedral of Saintes in western France, in the modern department of Charente-Maritime. After the Concordat of 1801, the ...

and a martyr, whose feast is celebrated on the last Sunday of April as his birthday was on the 30th. *A Wayside Cross (19th century) *A Cemetery Cross (19th century) *The Cemetery (20th century) *The Benedictine Priory of Saint Peter (12th century) now the parish church. There are many items in the priory that are registered as historical objects: *A Bronze Bell (1639) *The Furniture in the Priory *A Bronze Bell (1639) *A Flowery Vase (19th century) *A Flowery Vase (19th century) *A

Paten A paten or diskos is a small plate, used during the Mass. It is generally used during the liturgy itself, while the reserved sacrament are stored in the tabernacle in a ciborium. Western usage In many Western liturgical denominations, the p ...

(1798-1809) *A

Chalice A chalice (from Latin 'mug', borrowed from Ancient Greek () 'cup') or goblet is a footed cup intended to hold a drink. In religious practice, a chalice is often used for drinking during a ceremony or may carry a certain symbolic meaning. R ...

(1819-1838) *A

Chasuble The chasuble () is the outermost liturgical vestment worn by clergy for the celebration of the Eucharist in Western-tradition Christian churches that use full vestments, primarily in Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches. In the Eastern ...

, Stole, Maniple, Chalice cover, and body purse (19th century) *A Statue: Virgin and child (19th century) *A

Tabernacle According to the Hebrew Bible, the tabernacle ( he, מִשְׁכַּן, mīškān, residence, dwelling place), also known as the Tent of the Congregation ( he, link=no, אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, ’ōhel mō‘ēḏ, also Tent of Meeting, etc.), ...

(19th century) *A Baptismal font (19th century) *An Immersion Baptismal font (16th century) *A

Stoup A holy water font or stoup is a vessel containing holy water which is generally placed near the entrance of a church. It is often placed at the base of a crucifix or religious representation. It is used in the Catholic Church, Anglican Churches ...

(17th century) *An

Altar An altar is a table or platform for the presentation of religious offerings, for sacrifices, or for other ritualistic purposes. Altars are found at shrines, temples, churches, and other places of worship. They are used particularly in paga ...

(19th century) *A Stained glass window: Sacred Heart (19th century) *A Stained glass window: 4 Saints (19th century)

Notable People linked to the commune

*Jacques Roux, vicar of Ambleville from April 1790 to January 1791, took King

Louis XVI Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...

to the scaffold. He was nicknamed the "Red Priest" and served as a model for

Jean Jaurès Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès (3 September 185931 July 1914), commonly referred to as Jean Jaurès (; oc, Joan Jaurés ), was a French Socialist leader. Initially a Moderate Republican, he later became one of the first social dem ...

.Journal l'Humanité August 2009