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Alytus is a city with Town privileges, municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the Capital (political), capital of Alytus County. Its population in 2022 was 53,925. Alytus is the historical centre of the Dzūkija region. The city lies on the banks of the Neman River, Nemunas River. The major roads linking Vilnius, Kaunas, Lazdijai (border with Poland), and Hrodna in Belarus pass through Alytus.
Divided onto two separate entities for centuries, it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as ''Alytus I'' and ''Alytus II'', the earlier being a smaller town and the latter forming the city centre with parks, microdistricts and industrial areas.
The first historical record of Alytus dates back to 1377, when it was mentioned in the Chronicles of Wigand of Marburg under the name of ''Aliten''. According to the chronicle the spot was occupied by a small, wooden fortress guarding the Lithuanian frontier with the Teutonic Knights, Teutonic Order. The fort and the surrounding village gradually grew, despite being frequently a target of raids of both the Lithuanians and the Teutons. The Treaty of Melno, Treaty of Lake Melno left the town on the Teutonic side of the border, but it was retaken soon afterwards. On 15 June 1581 Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland Stephen Báthory of Poland, Stefan Batory granted the town the city rights based on the Magdeburg rights, Magdeburg Law. The event is celebrated as the ''Alytus Day''.
Until the Partitions of Poland, Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth the town was a part of the Trakai Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and a notable center of commerce on the Neman River, Nemunas River, serving as the main route for export goods from Lithuania proper. The town was also important as the place where one of the royal economic offices was located. In the third partition of Poland and Lithuania, in 1795, the town was divided between the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. During the Napoleonic Wars, following the Treaties of Tilsit, Treaty of Tilsit, the western part was ceded to the Duchy of Warsaw. After the Congress of Vienna it became part of the duchy's successor state, the Congress Poland, Kingdom of Poland. Although the state was tied with a personal union with Russia, both parts of the town remained completely separate until the January Uprising of 1863. After that date, the autonomy of Poland was liquidated, but both parts of the town remained governed separately.
In the late 19th century the town was incorporated into a chain of Russian fortified garrisons along the border with East Prussia. It was tied with the rest of the world by a railway and a new road. In addition, the tsarist authorities constructed several barracks and an Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox church (in modern times converted to a Roman Catholic Church, Catholic church). However, despite the fortification effort by the Russians, during World War I the Central Powers managed to capture the town intact, without any major skirmish. In 1915 the town was incorporated into the so-called Ober Ost and both parts were once again united into a single administrative entity for the first time since 1795.
Following the end of World War I the area remained contested by newly independent Poland and Lithuania, with the actual control held by the German Army (German Empire), German army stationed in the area. When the Germans withdrew in early 1919, the town was seized by the Red Army. On 12 February 1919, the town became a battlefield for the first skirmish between the Russians and the Lithuanian forces, which eventually took control over it. Since then the town has been a part of the Lithuania, Republic of Lithuania.
Following the invasion of Poland a large prisoner of war camp for Polish soldiers was established in the city. During World War II, Alytus was under Nazi Germany, German occupation from 22 June 1941 until 15 July 1944. Following the German occupation of the city in 1941, the camp was converted into a internment, prison camp for Soviet soldiers (Stalag 343). In the nearby forest of Vidzgiris the Nazis murdered approximately 60,000 people, mostly Jews from nearby towns in Lithuania.
In 2015 a HVDC back-to-back station for the realization of a power interconnection between Poland and Lithuania ( LitPol) was inaugurated west of Alytus. The facility built by ABB has a transmission capacity of 500 MW at a voltage of ±70 kV.
The coat of arms features a white rose, one of two coat of arms in the country that features roses. "The bridge of White Rose" is the country's largest pedestrian bridge, whose name was chosen by the citizens. The bridge was built on the remains of a railway bridge, which was blown up by the Russians when they were retreating back in 1915.
Alytaus Naujienos
' is a local newspaper in Alytus. Alytus hosted the Art Strike Biennial between 18 and 24 August 2009 in response to Vilnius becoming European Capital of Culture for 2009. This included a demonstration and a three sided football match. The universal indoor Alytus Arena hosted the Eurobasket 2011 Group C matches in Alytus. In 2010 Alytus was awarded the Honourable Plate of the European Council. Alytus has a museum dedicated to veterans of both the Afghan wars. In Alytus, several Bonsai exhibitions were held with participants from European and other countries, such as Japan and the United States. Alytus has hosted an annual Tomato tasting since 2007. Participants offer a wide variety of tomatoes and discuss the various factors which help produce a rich crop of the fruit. Alytus has an industrial company named Snaigė, which manufactures refrigerators.
Alytus is Sister city, twinned with:
* Amata Municipality, Amata, Latvia
* Berdychiv, Ukraine
* Botkyrka Municipality, Botkyrka, Sweden
* Crawley, United Kingdom
* Ełk, Poland
* General San Martín Partido, General San Martín, Argentina
* Giżycko County, Poland
* Hiratsuka, Japan
* Kremenchuk, Ukraine
* Mandal (municipality), Mandal, Norway
* Næstved Municipality, Næstved, Denmark
* Ningbo, China
* Opole, Poland
* Ostrołęka, Poland
* Rochester, New York, Rochester, United States
* Rouen, France
* Suwałki, Poland
* Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
The city was previously twinned with:
* Grodno, Belarus
* Lida, Belarus
* Petrozavodsk, Russia
* Smarhonʹ, Belarus
Alytus County Governor's Administration
Alytus Municipality's site
Alytus News Website
Alytus Young Friend
The murder of the Jews of Alytus
during World War II, at Yad Vashem website. {{Authority control Alytus, Capitals of Lithuanian counties Cities in Alytus County Cities in Lithuania Holocaust locations in Lithuania Municipalities administrative centres of Lithuania Municipalities of Alytus County Suwałki Governorate Trakai Voivodeship
Name
The name is derived from the Lithuanian language, Lithuanian hydronym Alytupis River, Alytupis. In other languages the names of the town include Polish language, Polish: ''Olita'', German language, German: ''Aliten'', Russian language, Russian: Олита ''Olita'', Belarusian language, Belarusian: Аліта ''Alita'', Yiddish: אליטע ''Alite''.History
The first historical record of Alytus dates back to 1377, when it was mentioned in the Chronicles of Wigand of Marburg under the name of ''Aliten''. According to the chronicle the spot was occupied by a small, wooden fortress guarding the Lithuanian frontier with the Teutonic Knights, Teutonic Order. The fort and the surrounding village gradually grew, despite being frequently a target of raids of both the Lithuanians and the Teutons. The Treaty of Melno, Treaty of Lake Melno left the town on the Teutonic side of the border, but it was retaken soon afterwards. On 15 June 1581 Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland Stephen Báthory of Poland, Stefan Batory granted the town the city rights based on the Magdeburg rights, Magdeburg Law. The event is celebrated as the ''Alytus Day''.
Until the Partitions of Poland, Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth the town was a part of the Trakai Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and a notable center of commerce on the Neman River, Nemunas River, serving as the main route for export goods from Lithuania proper. The town was also important as the place where one of the royal economic offices was located. In the third partition of Poland and Lithuania, in 1795, the town was divided between the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. During the Napoleonic Wars, following the Treaties of Tilsit, Treaty of Tilsit, the western part was ceded to the Duchy of Warsaw. After the Congress of Vienna it became part of the duchy's successor state, the Congress Poland, Kingdom of Poland. Although the state was tied with a personal union with Russia, both parts of the town remained completely separate until the January Uprising of 1863. After that date, the autonomy of Poland was liquidated, but both parts of the town remained governed separately.
In the late 19th century the town was incorporated into a chain of Russian fortified garrisons along the border with East Prussia. It was tied with the rest of the world by a railway and a new road. In addition, the tsarist authorities constructed several barracks and an Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox church (in modern times converted to a Roman Catholic Church, Catholic church). However, despite the fortification effort by the Russians, during World War I the Central Powers managed to capture the town intact, without any major skirmish. In 1915 the town was incorporated into the so-called Ober Ost and both parts were once again united into a single administrative entity for the first time since 1795.
Following the end of World War I the area remained contested by newly independent Poland and Lithuania, with the actual control held by the German Army (German Empire), German army stationed in the area. When the Germans withdrew in early 1919, the town was seized by the Red Army. On 12 February 1919, the town became a battlefield for the first skirmish between the Russians and the Lithuanian forces, which eventually took control over it. Since then the town has been a part of the Lithuania, Republic of Lithuania.
Following the invasion of Poland a large prisoner of war camp for Polish soldiers was established in the city. During World War II, Alytus was under Nazi Germany, German occupation from 22 June 1941 until 15 July 1944. Following the German occupation of the city in 1941, the camp was converted into a internment, prison camp for Soviet soldiers (Stalag 343). In the nearby forest of Vidzgiris the Nazis murdered approximately 60,000 people, mostly Jews from nearby towns in Lithuania.
In 2015 a HVDC back-to-back station for the realization of a power interconnection between Poland and Lithuania ( LitPol) was inaugurated west of Alytus. The facility built by ABB has a transmission capacity of 500 MW at a voltage of ±70 kV.
The coat of arms features a white rose, one of two coat of arms in the country that features roses. "The bridge of White Rose" is the country's largest pedestrian bridge, whose name was chosen by the citizens. The bridge was built on the remains of a railway bridge, which was blown up by the Russians when they were retreating back in 1915.
Climate
Alytus has a humid continental climate with quite large seasonal differences.Culture
Alytaus Naujienos
' is a local newspaper in Alytus. Alytus hosted the Art Strike Biennial between 18 and 24 August 2009 in response to Vilnius becoming European Capital of Culture for 2009. This included a demonstration and a three sided football match. The universal indoor Alytus Arena hosted the Eurobasket 2011 Group C matches in Alytus. In 2010 Alytus was awarded the Honourable Plate of the European Council. Alytus has a museum dedicated to veterans of both the Afghan wars. In Alytus, several Bonsai exhibitions were held with participants from European and other countries, such as Japan and the United States. Alytus has hosted an annual Tomato tasting since 2007. Participants offer a wide variety of tomatoes and discuss the various factors which help produce a rich crop of the fruit. Alytus has an industrial company named Snaigė, which manufactures refrigerators.
Twin towns – sister cities
Alytus is Sister city, twinned with:
* Amata Municipality, Amata, Latvia
* Berdychiv, Ukraine
* Botkyrka Municipality, Botkyrka, Sweden
* Crawley, United Kingdom
* Ełk, Poland
* General San Martín Partido, General San Martín, Argentina
* Giżycko County, Poland
* Hiratsuka, Japan
* Kremenchuk, Ukraine
* Mandal (municipality), Mandal, Norway
* Næstved Municipality, Næstved, Denmark
* Ningbo, China
* Opole, Poland
* Ostrołęka, Poland
* Rochester, New York, Rochester, United States
* Rouen, France
* Suwałki, Poland
* Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
The city was previously twinned with:
* Grodno, Belarus
* Lida, Belarus
* Petrozavodsk, Russia
* Smarhonʹ, Belarus
References
External links
Alytus County Governor's Administration
Alytus Municipality's site
Alytus News Website
Alytus Young Friend
The murder of the Jews of Alytus
during World War II, at Yad Vashem website. {{Authority control Alytus, Capitals of Lithuanian counties Cities in Alytus County Cities in Lithuania Holocaust locations in Lithuania Municipalities administrative centres of Lithuania Municipalities of Alytus County Suwałki Governorate Trakai Voivodeship