The Allied leaders of World War I consist of the political and military figures that fought for or supported the Allies during World War I. For a larger list of Allied leaders than the one below, see Allies of World War I.
Contents
Russian Empire
- Nicholas II[2] – Last Czar of Russia, titular King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland.
- Alexander Kerensky[3] − Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government
- Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich[4] – Commander-in-Chief and Viceroy in the Caucasus
- Alexander Samsonov[5] – Commander of the Second Army for the invasion of East Prussia
- Paul von Rennenkampf[6] – Commander of the First Army for the invasion of East Prussia
- Nikolay Ivanov[7] – Commander of the Russian army on the Southwestern Front, responsible for much of the action in Galicia
- Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Chief of the Imperial Russian Air Service
- Aleksei Brusilov[8] – Commander of the south, then provisional Commander-in-Chief after the Tsar's abdication
- Nikolai Yudenich – Commander of the Russian forces in the Caucasus Campaign
Russian SFSR
- Vladimir Lenin[9] − Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR
France
- Raymond Poincaré[10] – President of France (1913–1920)
- Rene Viviani – Prime Minister of France (1914–1915)
- Joseph Joffre[11] – Marshal of France and Commander-in-Chief of the French Army
- Ferdinand Foch[12] – Marshal of France and Commander-in-Chief of the French Army, "Generalissimo of the Allied Armies" (from spring 1918)
- Robert Nivelle[13] – Commander-in-Chief of the French Army
- Philippe Pétain[14] – Marshal of France and Commander-in-Chief of the French Army
- Maurice Sarrail – Commander of the French forces on the Macedonian Front
- Joseph Gallieni – Military Governor of Paris and Minister of War (1915–1916)
United Kingdom
- H. H. Asquith – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (until 1916)[15]
- David Lloyd George – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)
- Douglas Haig – Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (1915–1918)
- Sir John French - Commander-in-Chief of the BEF (1914–1915) and Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces (1915–1918)
- John Jellicoe – Commanding officer of the Grand Fleet (1914–1916), First Sea Lord (1916–1917)
- Winston Churchill – First Lord of the Admiralty (1911 to 1915)
- Horatio Herbert Kitchener – Secretary of State for War (5 August 1914 – 5 June 1916)
- Sir David Henderson – Director-General of Military Aeronautics (1 September 1913 – 18 October 1917)
- George Milne – Commander of the British forces at Doiran
- Reginald Wingate – Commander of the British forces in the Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
- Edmund Allenby – Commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force
Australia
- Andrew Fisher – Prime Minister of Australia (to 27 October 1915)
- Billy Hughes – Prime Minister of Australia (from 27 October 1915)
- Edward Millen – Minister for Defence (to 17 September 1914)
- George Pearce – Minister for Defence (from 17 September 1914)
- Jens Jensen – Minister for the Navy (to 17 February 1917)
- Joseph Cook – Minister for the Navy (from 17 February 1917)
- William Birdwood – Commander of the Australian Imperial Force
Canada
- Robert Borden – Prime Minister of Canada (1911 to 1920)
South Africa
- Louis Botha – Prime Minister of South Africa
- Jan Smuts – Commander South-West Africa Campaign and East African Campaign, later member of the Imperial War Cabinet
China
- Duan Qirui – Premier of the Republic of China (1916–18).
Serbia
- Peter I[16] – King of Serbia
- Crown Prince Alexander – Regent, Commander-in-Chief
- Nikola Pašić – Prime Minister
- Radomir Putnik – Field Marshal and Commander-in-Chief of the Serbian Army
- Stepa Stepanovic – General in the Serbian Army
Belgium
King Albert (left) with his wife the Queen, and Fuad I of Egypt (right).
- Albert I of Belgium[17] – King of the Belgians
- Charles de Broqueville – Prime Minister (17 June 1911 – 1 June 1918)
- Gérard Cooreman – Prime Minister (1 June 1918 – 21 November 1918)
- Gérard Leman - Belgian general in the Battle of Liege
Italy
- Victor Emmanuel III[18] – King of Italy
- Vittorio Orlando – Prime Minister of Italy at the end of the war
- Luigi Cadorna – Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Army
- Armando Diaz – Chief of the General Staff of the Italian Army
- Paolo Thaon di Revel – Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Navy
- Luigi Amedeo – Commander-in-Chief of the Adriatic Fleet of Italy
- Maurizio Moris – Head of Italian military aviation
- Ernesto Mombelli – Italian commander on the Macedonian Front
- Alfredo Acton – Chief of Staff of the Italian Navy
Romania
- Ferdinand I – King of Romania
- Constantin Prezan – Chief of the General Staff of Romania
- Alexandru Averescu – Prime Minister of Romania and Marshal in the Romanian Army
United States of America
- Woodrow Wilson[19] – President of the United States
- Thomas R. Marshall[20] – Vice President of the United States
- Newton D. Baker – Secretary of War
- Josephus Daniels – Secretary of the Navy
- Tasker H. Bliss – Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army
- Peyton C. March – Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army
- John J. Pershing[21] – Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces
- William Sims – Commander of all American naval forces in Europe
Japan
- Emperor Taishō[22] – Emperor of Japan
- Ōkuma Shigenobu – Prime Minister of Japan (16 April 1914 – 9 October 1916)
- Terauchi Masatake – Prime Minister of Japan (9 October 1916 – 29 September 1918)
- Hara Takashi – Prime Minister of Japan (29 September 1918 – 4 November 1921)
Brazil
- Venceslau Brás – President of Brazil
- Pedro Frontin – Brazilian Admiral
- Dr. Nabuco Gouveia – Chief of the Brazilian Medical Delegation
Greece
- Constantine I – King of Greece (1913–1917)
- Eleftherios Venizelos – Prime Minister of Greece
- Pavlos Kountouriotis – Admiral
- Panagiotis Danglis – General in the Army
Siam
- Rama VI – King of Siam
- Chao Phraya Bodindechanuchit – Minister of Defence
- Chakrabongse Bhuvanath – Supreme Commander of the Siamese Expeditionary Forces
- Phraya Bijai Janriddhi – Commander of Siamese Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front
Portugal
- Afonso Costa – Prime Minister of Portugal
- Bernardino Machado – President of Portugal
- Fernando Tamagnini de Abreu e Silva – Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
- Jose Norton de Matos – Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
See also
References
- Hart, Peter (2013). The Great War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199976270.
- ^ At George's wedding in 1893, The Times claimed that the crowd may have confused Nicholas with George, because their beards and dress made them look alike superficially (The Times (London) Friday, 7 July 1893, p.5). Their facial features were only different up close.
- ^ Robert D. Warth, Nicholas II, The Life and Reign of Russia's Last Monarch, 20
- ^ Hart 2013, pp. 299–300
- ^
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Nicholas (Nikolai Nikolayevich), Russian Grand Duke". Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York. - ^ Who's Who: Alexander Samsonov Biography
- ^ Who's Who: Paul von Rennenkampf
- ^ First World War.com — Who's Who — Nikolai Ivanov
- ^ Brusiloff, Hero of the Hour in Russia, Described Intimately by One Who Knows Him Well Charles Johnston, New York Times, 18 June 1916, accessed 8 February 2010
- ^ Hart 2013, p. 302
- ^ J. F. V. Keiger, Raymond Poincaré (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p126
- ^ First World War – Willmott, H.P., Dorling Kindersley, 2003, Page 52
- ^ Foch's Biography in French on the Immortals page of the Académie française
- ^ Simkins, Peter; Jukes, Geoffrey & Hickey, Michael, The First World War: The War To End All Wars, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-738-7
- ^ Williams, Charles, Pétain, Little Brown (Time Warner Book Group UK), London, 2005, p. 206, ISBN 978-0-316-86127-4
- ^ "HH Asquith (1852–1928)". BBC. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
- ^ Dragoljub R. Živojinović, Kralj Petar I Karađorđević (King Peter I Karađorđević), vol. I-III, Belgrade, BIGZ 1988–1992.
- ^ Carlo Bronne. Albert 1er: le roi sans terre.
- ^ King Vittorio Emanuele III
- ^ "Woodrow Wilson". Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
- ^ Hatfield, Mark O. (1997). "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President (1913–1921)". Senate Historical Office. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
- ^ "Library of Congress link: Washington held the title of "General and Commander in Chief" of the Continental Army".
- ^ Bix, Herbert P. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. Harper Perennial (2001). ISBN 0-06-093130-2
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "