The Alicyclobacillaceae are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Gram-positive In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. Gram-positive bacte ...

bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...

. All members of this family are aerobic and form

endospores An endospore is a dormancy, dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria in the phylum Bacillota. The name "endospore" is suggestive of a spore or seed-like form (''endo'' means 'within'), but it is not a true spore ...

. The family contains four genera: ''

Alicyclobacillus ''Alicyclobacillus'' is a genus of Gram-variable, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria. The bacteria are able to grow in acidic conditions, while the spores are able to survive typical pasteurization procedures. Overview ''Alicyclobacilli'' ar ...

'', ''

Effusibacillus ''Effusibacillus'' is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacteria. ''Effusibacillus'' was first proposed in 2014 after a strain of bacteria was isolated from the sediment of a freshwater lake. While genetically similar ...

'', '' Kyrpidia'', and '' Tumebacillus''. When originally created in 2009, Alicyclobacillaceae was a

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

family, only including genus ''Alicyclobacillus''. In 2011, the novel genus '' Kyrpidia'' was proposed and placed in family Alicyclobacillaceae, and '' Tumebacillus'' was placed into the family as well. In 2014, the novel genus ''

'' was proposed and added as the fourth member of Alicyclobacillaceae. ''Alicyclobacillus'' is the largest genus in Alicyclobacillaceae, with over 20 validly published species. The species are all acidophilic and have thermally resistant endospores. Many species are common soil organisms. Certain ''Alicyclobacillus'' species (especially '' A. acidoterrestris'') have been implicated in spoilage of pasteurized fruit juice. ''Effusibacillus'' contains three species (as of 2019). Members of this genus have been isolated from a lake in Japan, a lake in Antarctica, and from the blood of a woman. ''E. lacus'' and ''E. pohliae'' are both thermophiles, with optimum growth temperatures above 50 °C, while the optimum growth temperature for ''E. consociatus'' is 30 °C. ''Kyrpidia'' contains two species (as of 2019). Both species of ''Kyrpidia'' have been isolated from areas of high volcanic activity in

Tuscany Tuscany ( ; it, Toscana ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (''Firenze''). Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, art ...

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, and the

Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...

. The optimum temperature for growth for both members of the genus is approximately 55 °C. '' Tumebacillus'' contains 8 species. Members of this genus have been isolated from arctic permafrost, soil samples, cassava wastewater, decomposing algal scum, river water, and the gut of a vulture. ''Tumebacillus'' was found during surveys of nasal airways of infants, an underground subway in Norway, and a mountain observatory in

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

. No member of Alicyclobacillaceae has been found to be infectious. '' Effusibacillus consociatus'' was isolated from human blood and ''Tumebacillus'' was found during a survey of nasal airways of infants, but in neither instance were the bacteria found to be the cause of infection.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the

List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature ...

(LPSN) and

National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The ...

(NCBI)

References

Bacillales Bacteria families {{Bacilli-stub

Phylogeny

See also

References