Alexander Winton

Alexander Winton (June 20, 1860 – June 21, 1932) was a Scottish-American bicycle, automobile, and diesel engine designer and inventor, as well as a businessman and racecar driver. Winton founded the Winton Motor Carriage Company in 1897 in Cleveland, Ohio, making the city an important hub of early automotive manufacturing. His pioneering achievements in the automotive industry included taking one of the first long-distance journeys in America by car and developing one of the first commercial diesel engines. Winton left the automotive manufacturing business when he liquidated his car company in 1924 to focus on his powertrain engineering firm, Winton Gas Engine & Mfg. Co., which he had established a dozen years earlier to focus on engine development. This business was later sold to General Motors in 1930 and became known as the Cleveland Diesel Engine Division. Winton passed away in 1932 and is buried in Cleveland's Lake View Cemetery.

Life

Winton was born in Grangemouth, Scotland. His father (also named Alexander) was a marine engineer, and young Alexander followed in his father's profession. He emigrated to the United States in 1879. For three years he worked at Delameter Iron Works, and for two years thereafter as a marine engineer on ocean vessels.

In 1891, he founded Winton Bicycle Co., and in 1897 he founded the Winton Motor Carriage Company, a year after he had built his first motorcar. In July 1897 Winton embarked on one of the first long-distance journeys by car in America, traveling from Cleveland to New York City over the course of nine days. The purpose of the journey was twofold: Winton wanted to prove the reliability of his automobile, and he also hoped to entice investors and drum up publicity. Winton took a similar and better-publicized journey in 1899.

On March 4th, 1898, Winton sold a car to Robert Allison of Port Carbon, Pennsylvania, for about $1000. The transaction is considered one of the first commercial sales of a domestic gas-powered vehicle in America.

Another early Winton customer was James Ward Packard. The story goes that, after being disappointed by the quality and performance of his Winton automobile, Packard had contacted Winton to explain his concerns and provide some of his own suggestions and improvements. Winton responded by challenging him to try and build a better car himself. The affronted Packard did exactly that, establishing the Packard Motor Car Company in 1899.

Also in 1898, Henry Ford was recommended by Winton's chief engineer for a position in the company. After interviewing him, Winton came away unimpressed and chose not to hire him. Three years later, in 1901, Henry Ford defeated him at a race at Grosse Pointe, Michigan. By 1908, Henry Ford had introduced the Ford Model T, which revolutionized automotive and American history.

Winton invented the world's first semi-truck in 1898 and sold his first manufactured semi-truck in 1899. When he first started manufacturing cars, he wanted to be able to ship them directly to customers without putting any miles onto the product. He therefore developed a car hauler for use by his company, but soon was selling these car haulers to other manufacturers. This is the first instance of a semi-trailer truck product.

The Winton Motor Carriage Company grew rapidly after the turn of the 20th century. In 1902 three buildings were built, and four more were added in 1903. The company employed 1200 workers in 1903.

Winton was an important member of Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturer (ALAM), an organization originally formed to challenge the litigation of the fledgling automobile industry by George B. Selden and the Electric Vehicle Company.

In 1912, Winton founded the Winton Gas Engine & Mfg. Co. After initially producing the first marine engine Winton designed, the company switched to producing diesel engines based off of a European design. The business was later renamed Winton Engine Works in 1916, and thereafter focused on marine and locomotive diesel engines. Winton stepped down from the leadership role in 1928; by 1930, the company was sold to General Motors, where it later was renamed the Cleveland Diesel Engine Division.

Winton was a prolific inventor, with over 100 patents in the field of motor cars and engines. He also had several important bicycle inventions. He was known for allowing free use of his patents when a question of safety was involved.

Racing career

Winton was a pioneer in recognizing that racing was a primary means to promote his automobile business, both because of the public attention these races garnered as well as the focus on technical innovation. One of his first famous races was against Henry Ford, which he lost in 1901. In 1902 he built the first of three custom race cars, all three of which he called the 'Bullet'. Bullet No. 1 was the first car to win a sanctioned race at Daytona Beach, Florida. Bullet No. 2 was built for the Gordon Bennett Cup in Ireland in 1903. It was one of the first 8-cylinder automobiles ever built. It suffered mechanical difficulties and did not complete the race, although after being brought back to the United States Barney Oldfield drove it to a near-record at Daytona. Winton retired from racing, but built a Bullet No. 3 which Oldfield raced around the United States in his famous career.

Family

He married Jeanie Muir McGlashan (died 1903) in 1883; they had six children: Helen, James, Agnes, Jeanie, Cathrine, and Alexander. He married LaBelle McGlashan (died 1924) in 1906; they had two children: LaBelle and Clarice. He married Marion Campbell in 1927 and divorced in 1930; and in 1930, he married Mary Ellen Avery.

Legacy

He was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2005, and National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006.

The Winton Place Condominium in Lakewood, Ohio, was built in 1962 on the site of his former mansion.

References

Sources

*Thomas F. Saal, Bernard J. Golias ''Famous But Forgotten: The Story of Alexander Winton, Automotive Pioneer and Industrialist'', Golias Pub., 1997,

External links

*http://amhistory.si.edu/onthemove/collection/object_354.html

{{DEFAULTSORT:Winton, Alexander
1860 births
1932 deaths
Automotive engineers
American automotive pioneers
Scottish emigrants to the United States