Alejo Castex
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Alejo Castex was a distinguished lawmaker of the
Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata ( es, Virreinato del Río de la Plata or es, Virreinato de las Provincias del Río de la Plata) meaning "River of the Silver", also called "Viceroyalty of the River Plate" in some scholarly writings, in ...
and of the United Provinces, where he was president of the Supreme Court (''Supremo Tribunal de Justicia'') and also a congressman.


Biography

Born in
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...
on 17 July 1766, he was the son of a Spanish captain of militias, Francisco Castex, and of Paula Hilaria Delgado y Sánchez de Velasco, native of Buenos Aires. Castex had at least one brother, Vicente José Castex y Delgado. After studies in the
Real Colegio de San Carlos Real may refer to: Currencies * Brazilian real (R$) * Central American Republic real * Mexican real * Portuguese real * Spanish real * Spanish colonial real Music Albums * Real (L'Arc-en-Ciel album), ''Real'' (L'Arc-en-Ciel album) (2000) * Real ...
, on 23 July 1786 he earned a degree in law at the University of Saint Francis Xavier of Chuquisaca.


Start of his career

Back in Buenos Aires, he joined the
Royal Audiencia Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a cit ...
and in April 1789, he was accepted as a lawyer by the tribunal. On 20 July 180 he married María Luisa Estefanía Campos y López Camelo (1772–1851) at the
Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral The Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral ( es, Catedral Metropolitana de Buenos Aires) is the main Catholic church in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located in the city center, overlooking Plaza de Mayo, on the corner of San Martín and Rivadavia ...
, daughter of Juan Esteban Ambrosio de Campos y Rodríguez (1727–1810) and María Josefa López Camelo, with whom he had twelve children: Paula (1803–1843), Manuel de la Santísima Trinidad (1804-1804), Eusebio Alejo (1805–1872), Josefa Ceferina (1806–1895), María Micaela (1807-?), Rufino, María de la Paz Ildefonsa (1812-?), Pedro Joseph Francisco (1813-?), Juan Bonifacio (1815-?), María Matilde Josepha Bernabela (1817-?), Josefa Genara (1808–1900)and Juan Isidro Castex Campos (1819–1889).


British invasions and independence

After the reconquest of Buenos Aires after the British invasions of the Río de la Plata in 1806, Castex joined the
Regiment of Patricians The 1st Infantry Regiment "Los Patricios" (''Regimiento de Infantería 1 "Los Patricios"'') is the oldest and one of the most prestigious regiments of the Argentine Army. The title is often shortened to the Patricians' Regiment (''Regimiento de ...
with the rank of captain. On 31 May 1807 he received from
Santiago de Liniers Santiago Antonio María de Liniers y Bremond, 1st Count of Buenos Aires, Order of Montesa, KOM, Order of Malta, OM (July 25, 1753 – August 26, 1810) was a French People, French officer in the Spain, Spanish military service, and a viceroy of ...
the rank of lieutenant colonel and given command of the Migueletes squadron, which became known as the ''"Castex Migueletes"'', and took part on the defense of Buenos Aires at the second British invasion. In 1809 he replaced his previous superior Francisco Bruno de Rivarola as council to the Royal Tribunal. At the Cabildo of 22 May 1810, he voted along with Juan Nepomuceno Solá, who proposed to substitute the
Viceroy A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the French word ''roy'', meaning "k ...
and that the
Buenos Aires Cabildo The Cabildo of Buenos Aires ( es, Cabildo de Buenos Aires) is the public building in Buenos Aires that was used as seat of the town council during the colonial era and the government house of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. Today the bu ...
take control of the government until such time a congress of representatives to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata could be convened. On 27 May he replaced
Manuel Belgrano Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano y González (3 June 1770 – 20 June 1820), usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano (), was an Argentine public servant, economist, lawyer, politician, journalist, and military leader. He ...
as secretary of the
Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires The Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires was one of the most important institutions of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, along with the viceroy, the Cabildo and the religious ones. The Consulate was set up in 1794 at the request of local m ...
, as the former became a member of the
Primera Junta The Primera Junta ( en, First Junta) or ''Junta Provisional Gubernativa de las Provincias del Río de la Plata'' (''Provisional Governing Junta of the Provinces of the Río de la Plata''), is the most common name given to the first government of ...
. Castex was a representative for
Catamarca Province Catamarca () is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The province had a population of 334,568 as per the , and covers an area of 102,602 km2. Its literacy rate is 95.5%. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, fr ...
to the assembly gathered in 1812 and dissolved by the
First Triumvirate The First Triumvirate was an informal political alliance among three prominent politicians in the late Roman Republic: Gaius Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Licinius Crassus. The constitution of the Roman republic had many v ...
. In 1813 he became acting secretary to the
Supreme Court of Argentina The Supreme Court of Argentina ( es, link=no, Corte Suprema de Argentina), officially known as the Supreme Court of Justice of the Argentine Nation ( es, link=no, Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación Argentina, CSJN), is the highest court of l ...
, with the legal reforms instituted by the
Asamblea del Año XIII The Assembly of Year XIII ( es, Asamblea del Año XIII) was a meeting called by the Second Triumvirate The Second Triumvirate was an extraordinary commission and magistracy created for Mark Antony, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Octavian ...
.


Appellate court

On the same year he served as council to the
Appellate court A court of appeals, also called a court of appeal, appellate court, appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In much of ...
. On 9 December 1814 he ended his term as secretary to the ''Commerce Consulate''. On 16 January 1815 he was named as member of the new law School, ''"Academia teórico-práctica de jurisprudencia de Buenos Aires"'', presided by
Manuel Antonio Castro Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name) * Manuel (Fawlty Towers), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Charlie Manuel, manager of the Philadelphia Phillies * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * Manu ...
. On 2 March 1815 he became a member of the Appellate Court — which replaced the
Real Audiencia de Buenos Aires The Real Audiencia de Buenos Aires, were two ''Audiencia Real, audiencias'', or highest courts, of the Spanish crown, which lived in Buenos Aires. The authority of the first extended to the territory of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata and ...
— under the direction of Miguel Mariano de Villegas. On 20 April of the same year the administration of Carlos María de Alvear fell, after the rebellion of colonel
Ignacio Álvarez Thomas José Ignacio Álvarez Thomas (15 February 1787 – 20 July 1857) was a South American military commander and politician of the early 19th century. Biography Álvarez Thomas was born in Arequipa, Peru, and his family lived for some time in Lim ...
, chief of the army sent against
José Artigas José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacul ...
, the opposition of the interior of the country, and the lack of support in Buenos Aires. On 23 April the Appellate Court, through Castex and
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initiated a process for excesses in handling the public administration, by order of the Cabildo, against Agustín José Donado,
Gervasio Posadas Gervasio Antonio de Posadas y Dávila (18 June 1757, in Buenos Aires – 2 July 1833, in Buenos Aires) was a member of Argentina's Second Triumvirate from 19 August 1813 to 31 January 1814, after which he served as Supreme Director until 9 Janua ...
,
Juan Larrea Juan Larrea may refer to: *Juan Larrea (poet) (1895–1980), Spanish poet *Juan Larrea (politician) (1782–1847), Argentine politician * Juan Larrea (fencer) (born 1935), Argentine fencer * Juan Larrea (footballer) (born 1993), Argentine footballe ...
, Nicolás Herrera, and Elías Galván among others, all adherents of the recently deposed regime. The accused suffered the loss of their property and exile. Castex took part in the writing of the ''instruction Project'' to the representatives of the Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata to the Congress of Tucumán, which established Argentina's independence from Spain in 1816.


Mission to Santa Fe

Once
Juan Martín de Pueyrredón Juan Martín de Pueyrredón y O'Dogan (December 18, 1777 – March 13, 1850) was an Argentine general and politician of the early 19th century. He was appointed Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata after the Argentine ...
was elected by Congress to be the new
Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata The Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata ( es, Director Supremo de las Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata) was a title given to the executive officers of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata according to the f ...
, Castex was asked on 31 August 1816 along with Miguel Mariano de Villegas and Antonio Pósiga to represent before the government of Santa Fe Province, invaded on 12 July of the same year by colonel
Eustaquio Díaz Vélez Eustaquio is a given name. Notable people with the name include: *Eustaquio Escandón (1862–1933), Mexican polo player in the 1900 Summer Olympics *Eustaquio Ilundáin y Esteban (1862–1937), Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, Archbishop of ...
, to reach an agreement on the cessation of hostilities: ''"authorized to agree with the chief of said territory, the transaction of differences that sadly exist between both territories"''.Pueyrredón's government, Artigas' Archives, Issue 30. On 27 August, Castex met with Santa Fe's governor,
Mariano Vera Mariano Vera ( Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata c. 1780 – Cayastá, Santa Fe, Argentine Confederation 26 March 1840) was a ''caudillo'' and governor of the Santa Fe Province, United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, ...
, who set a condition for allowing the Buenos Aires army to retreat unopposed, the laying down of arms, which Castex did not agree to and ended his mandate there.


Secretary and Rivadavia's presidency

In 1821, during the government of
Martín Rodríguez Martin Rodriguez may refer to: *Martín Rodríguez (politician), Argentine politician *Martín Rodríguez (tennis), Argentine tennis player *Martin Rodrigues, drummer of the 1970s band Captain Beyond *Martín Rodríguez (field hockey) (born 1990), ...
, he was named judge at the ''Consulado de Comercio'', Army and Navy Auditor and in December, Congress Representative for Buenos Aires. He became president of the Supreme Court and had a major role in the discussions in Congress in Buenos Aires, about the
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