Al-Ḫaṣṣāf () (died 874, full name ''Abū-Bakr Aḥmad Ibn-ʿUmar Ibn-Muhair aš-Šaibānī al-Ḫaṣṣāf'') was a

Hanafite The Hanafi school ( ar, حَنَفِية, translit=Ḥanafiyah; also called Hanafite in English), Hanafism, or the Hanafi fiqh, is the oldest and one of the four traditional major Sunni schools ( maddhab) of Islamic Law (Fiqh). It is named a ...

law scholar at the court of the 14th

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...

Caliph

al-Muhtadi Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn al-Wāthiq ( ar, أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الواثق‎; – 21 June 870), better known by his regnal name Al-Muhtadī bi-'llāh (Arabic: , "Guided by God"), was the Caliph of the Abbasid Calipha ...

. He is the author of a seminal work on ''

Qādī A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...

'', known as . A commentary on the work was written by

al-Jaṣṣās Al-Jaṣṣās (, 305 AH/917 AD - 370 AH/981 AD; full name ''Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī al-Rāzī al-Jaṣṣāṣ'') was a Hanafite scholar, Jonathan A.C. Brown (2007), ''The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function ...

in the 10th century. An English translation was published by G. P. Verbit in 2008. Al-Ḫaṣṣāf is also the author of a'' Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫārij'', a work on legalistic trickery or ''

ḥiyal ''Ḥiyal'' (حيل, singular ''ḥīla'' حيلة "contortion, contrivance; device, subterfuge") is "legalistic trickery" in Islamic jurisprudence. The main purpose of ''ḥiyal'' is to avoid straightforward observance of Islamic law in difficul ...

'', and a ''kitāb aḥkām al-awqāf'', on religious institutions or ''

waqf A waqf ( ar, وَقْف; ), also known as hubous () or '' mortmain'' property is an inalienable charitable endowment under Islamic law. It typically involves donating a building, plot of land or other assets for Muslim religious or charitabl ...

''. The earliest development of this field is the ''Kitāb al-maḫārij fī l-ḥiyal'' ("book of evasion and trickery") by

Muhammad al-Shaybani Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Farqad ash-Shaybānī ( ar, أبو عبد الله محمد بن الحسن بن فرقد الشيباني; 749/50 – 805), the father of Muslim international law, was an Arab jurist and a dis ...

(d. 805). A more comprehensive treatment is the ''Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫārij'' by Al-Hassaf.Schacht 1926, 218.

Editions

* al-Khaṣṣāf, Adab al-qāḍī, ed. Farḥāt Ziyāda (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1978) * Abubakar Ahmad Ibn ‘Amr al-Khassaf, Kitab Ahkam al-Awqaf (Cairo: Diwan ‘Umum al-Awqaf al-Misriyyah, 1904)

References

* Peter C. Hennigan: ''al-Khaṣṣāf (d. 261/874).''n: Oussama Arabi, David Stephan Powers, Susan Ann Spectorsky: ''Islamic Legal Thought. A Compendium of Muslim Jurists'' Brill Academic Pub, 2013, * Mathieu Tillier
''Women before the qāḍī under the Abbasids.''
In: ''Islamic Law and Society.'' Vol. 16 (2009), S. 280–302. *Tillier, Mathieu. (2009).
Les cadis d’Iraq et l’État abbasside (132/750-334/945)
'' Damascus: Institut français du Proche-Orient, 2009. * Peter C Hennigan: ''The birth of a legal institution : the formation of the waqf in third-century A.H. Ḥanafī legal discourse. '' Brill, Leiden 2003, . * ''Ādāb al-Qāḍī : Islamic legal and judicial system''. Aḥmad ibn ʻUmar Khaṣṣāf; ʻUmar ibn ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Ṣadr al-Shahīd; Munir Ahmad Mughal * Abū Bakr Aḥmad Ibn-ʿAmr Ibn-Muhair al-Ḫaṣṣāf aš-Šaibānī: ''Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫāriǧ''. Ed. J. Schacht. Reprograf. Nachdr. der Ausg. Hannover 1923. Olms, Hildesheim 1968. *

Joseph Schacht Joseph Franz Schacht (, 15 March 1902 – 1 August 1969) was a British-German professor of Arabic and Islam at Columbia University in New York. He was the leading Western scholar on Islamic law, whose ''Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence'' (195 ...

(ed.): Das Kitāb al-hiial ual-mahāriǧ des Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar ibn Muhair aš-Šaibānī-al-H̱aṣṣāf. Hannover, 1923 (Beiträge zur semitischen Philologie und Linguistik ; 4) * Christopher Melchert: Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir, A H 232-295/A D 847-908. Islamic Law and Society, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1996), S. 316–342 {{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Hassaf 870s deaths People from Baghdad Courtiers of the Abbasid Caliphate Hanafi fiqh scholars 9th-century jurists 9th-century Arabs