Air Technical Intelligence Center
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The National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) is the United States Air Force unit for analyzing military intelligence on foreign air and space forces, weapons, and systems. NASIC assessments of aerospace performance characteristics, capabilities, and vulnerabilities are used to shape national security and defense policies and supports weapons treaty negotiations and verification.


History

In 1917 the Foreign Data Section of the Army Signal Corps’ Airplane Engineering Department was established at McCook Field, and a NASIC predecessor operated the Army Aeronautical Museum of the
Material Division Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) is a major command (MAJCOM) of the United States Air Force (USAF). AFMC was created on July 1, 1992, through the amalgamation of the former Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC) and the former Air Force Systems Com ...
, August 22, 1935. The Office of the Chief of Air Corps's Information Division had become the OCAC Intelligence Division by 1939, which transferred into the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) as AC/AS, Intelligence and was known as A-2 (in April, 1942, the
Air Intelligence School The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for ...
was at the
Harrisburg Academy Harrisburg Academy is an independent, coeducational, college preparatory day school in Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania. The school has a diverse student body in nursery through 12th grade. The school was established in 1784 by John Harris Jr., the foun ...
.) The United States Army Air Forces evaluated foreign aircraft during World War II with the "T-2 Intelligence Department at Wright Field and
Freeman Field : ''For the civil use of this facility after 1946, see Freeman Municipal Airport '' Freeman Army Airfield is an inactive United States Army Air Forces base. It is located south-southwest of Seymour, Indiana. The base was established in 1942 a ...
, Indiana". In July 1944, Wright Field analysts fired a
V-1 V1, V01 or V-1 can refer to version one (for anything) (e.g., see version control) V1, V01 or V-1 may also refer to: In aircraft * V-1 flying bomb, a World War II German weapon * V1 speed, the maximum speed at which an aircraft pilot may abort ...
engine reconstructed from " Robot Blitz" wreckage (an entire V-1 was reconstructed at Republic Aviation by September 8). Post-war, Operation Lusty recruited German technology experts who were interrogated prior to working in the United States, e.g., Dr. Herbert Wagner at a Point Mugu USMC detachment and Walter Dornberger at Bell Aircraft. The "capability…anticipated for Soviet intercontinental jet bombers" (e.g., in NSC 20/4 in the fall of 1945) determined a Radar Fence was needed for sufficient U.S. warning and that the "1954 Interceptor" (F-106) was needed (specified in the January 13, 1949, Air Development Order): "the appearance of a Soviet jet bomber as in the1954… May Day parade". "By 1944, it had become obvious that German aeronautical technology was superior in many ways, to that of this country, and we needed to obtain this technology and make use of it," said P-47 and
Messerschmitt ME-262 The Messerschmitt Me 262, nicknamed ''Schwalbe'' (German: "Swallow") in fighter versions, or ''Sturmvogel'' (German: "Storm Bird") in fighter-bomber versions, is a fighter aircraft and fighter-bomber that was designed and produced by the German ...
pilot USAAF Lieutenant Roy Brown during a speech at NASIC in 2014. To accomplish this task, then Colonel Harold E. Watson was sent from Wright Field to Europe in 1944, to locate German aircraft of advanced design. Watson would become an integral part of forming the intelligence unit that would eventually become NASIC.


Air Technical Intelligence Center

On May 21, 1951, the Air Technical Intelligence Center (ATIC) was established as a USAF field activity of the Assistant
Chief of Staff for Intelligence Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the boa ...
. ATIC analyzed engine parts and the tail section of a
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (russian: Микоя́н и Гуре́вич МиГ-15; USAF/DoD designation: Type 14; NATO reporting name: Fagot) is a jet fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich for the Soviet Union. The MiG-15 was one of ...
and in July, the center received a complete MiG-15 that had crashed. ATIC also obtained IL-10 and Yak-9 aircraft in operational condition, and monitored a captured MiG-15's flight test program. ATIC awarded a contract to
Battelle Memorial Institute Battelle Memorial Institute (more widely known as simply Battelle) is a private nonprofit applied science and technology development company headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. Battelle is a charitable trust organized as a nonprofit corporation u ...
for translation and analysis of materiel and documents gathered during the Korean War. Analysis allowed FEAF to develop fighter engagement tactics. In 1958 ATIC had a Readix Computer in Building 828, 1 of 6 WPAFB buildings used by the unit prior to the center built in 1976.
Discoverer 29 Discoverer 29, also known as Corona 9023, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 1961. It was the first KH-3 Corona satellite, which was based on an Agena-B rocket. The launch of Discoverer 29 occurred at 20:00 ...
(launched April 30, 1961) then photographed the "first Soviet
ICBM An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than , primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads). Conventional, chemical, and biological weapons c ...
offensive launch complex" at Plesetsk. The Defense Intelligence Agency was created on October 1.


Foreign Technology Division

In 1961 ATIC became the Foreign Technology Division (FTD) which was reassigned to
Air Force Systems Command The Air Force Systems Command (AFSC) is an inactive United States Air Force Major Command. It was established in April 1951, being split off from Air Materiel Command. The mission of AFSC was Research and Development for new weapons systems. Ove ...
(AFSC), and FTD intelligence estimates were subsequently provided to the National Security Council through the 1962
United States Intelligence Board United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two fi ...
( cf. the CIA's Board of National Estimates). FTD's additional location at the
Tonopah Test Range Airport Tonopah Test Range Airport , at the Tonopah Test Range (Senior Trend project site PS-66) is southeast of Tonopah, Nevada and northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. It is a major airfield with a runway, instrument approach facilities, and nighttime i ...
conducted test and evaluation of captured Soviet fighter aircraft (AFSC recruited its pilots from the Edwards AFB Air Force Test Center). The aircraft of the 1966 Iraqi Air Force MiG-21 defection was transferred to Nevada within a month of the flight, and the 1968 US Air Force and Navy '' HAVE DOUGHNUT'' project flew the aircraft at Area 51 for simulated air combat training (renamed '' HAVE DRILL'' and transferred to the Tonopah TTR ). U.S. casualties flying foreign aircraft included those in the 1979 Tonopah MiG-17 crash during training versus a Northrop F-5 and the 1984 Little Skull Mountain MiG-23 crash which killed a USAF general. FTD detachments were located in Virginia, California (Det 2), Germany, Japan (Det 4), and Det 5—first in Massachusetts and later Colorado ( Buckley ANGB). By 1968 FTD had an "Aerial Phenomenon Office" and in 1983, FTD/OLAI at the Cheyenne Mountain Complex published the ''Analysis of Cosmos 1220 and Cosmos 1306 Fragments''. In 1971 the FTD obtained, translated, and published a copy of the paper ''Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction'', originally a Russian-language work by
Pyotr Ufimtsev Pyotr Yakovlevich Ufimtsev (sometimes also Petr; russian: Пётр Я́ковлевич Уфи́мцев) (born 1931 in Ust-Charyshskaya Pristan, West Siberian Krai, now Altai Krai) is a Soviet/Russian physicist and mathematician, considered the se ...
of the Central Research Radio Engineering Institute НИРТИof the Defense Ministry of the Soviet Union, which became the basis for
stealth aircraft Stealth aircraft are designed to avoid detection using a variety of technologies that reduce reflection/emission of radar, infrared, visible light, radio frequency (RF) spectrum, and audio, collectively known as stealth technology. The F-117 N ...
technology.


National Air Intelligence Center

In October 1993 at the end of the
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
, FTD became the National Air Intelligence Center as "a component of the Air Intelligence Agency", and by 2005 had a Signals Exploitation Divisio

after being renamed the National Air and Space Intelligence Center on February 15, 2003. NASIC's Defense Intelligence Space Threat Committee coordinates "a wide variety of complex space/counterspace analytical activities." The Center includes a library with interlibrary loan to Air University (United States Air Force), Air University, et


Organization

NASIC is an Wing (military unit)#United_States_Air Force_&_Civil_Air_Patrol, operation wing and Field Operating Agency (FOA) of the USAF; as an FOA, it reports to the Air Staff through the Deputy Chief of Staff for ISR and Cyber Effects Operations. The Center is led by a Commander, currently
Col. Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...
Maurizio Calabrese, and has an annual budget of over $507 million. NASIC's 4,100 civilian, military, Reserve, National Guard, and contract personnel are split between the Centers' four intelligence analysis groups, four support directorates, and 18 squadrons. The Air and Cyberspace Intelligence Group; Geospatial and Signatures Intelligence Group; Global Exploitation Intelligence Group; and Space, Missiles and Forces Intelligence Group comprise the four intelligence groups; the Directorate of Communications and Information, Directorate of Personnel, Directorate of Facilities and Logistics, and Directorate of Plans and Operations comprise the four support directorates.


Lineage

* Established, activated, and organized as Foreign Technology Division on 1 July 1961 : Redesignated: Air Force Foreign Technology Center on 1 October 1991 : Redesignated: Foreign Aerospace Science and Technology Center on 1 January 1992 : Redesignated: National Air Intelligence Center on 1 October 1993 : Redesignated: National Air and Space Intelligence Center on 20 February 2003


Assignments

*
Air Force Systems Command The Air Force Systems Command (AFSC) is an inactive United States Air Force Major Command. It was established in April 1951, being split off from Air Materiel Command. The mission of AFSC was Research and Development for new weapons systems. Ove ...
, 1 July 1961 – 30 September 1991 *
Air Force Intelligence Command Twenty-Fifth Air Force (25 AF), also known as Air Force Intelligence, was a numbered air force (NAF) within the United States Air Force (USAF), and served as the Air Force's premier military intelligence organization. 25 AF was established on ...
(later redesignated Air Intelligence Agency, Air Force ISR Agency, then Twenty-Fifth Air Force), 1 October 1991 – 30 September 2014 ** NOTE: On 11 October 2019, Twenty-Fifth Air Force merged with Twenty-Fourth Air Force to form
Sixteenth Air Force The Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber) (16 AF) is a United States Air Force (USAF) organization responsible for information warfare, which encompasses intelligence gathering and analysis, surveillance, reconnaissance, cyber warfare and ele ...
* Air Staff (United States), Headquarters U.S. Air Force/A2, 1 October 2014 – present


List of commanders

* Brig. Gen. Arthur J. Pierce, February 1961 – July 1964 * Brig. Gen. Arthur W. Cruikshank Jr., July 1964 – August 1966 * Col. Raymond S. Sleeper, August 1966 – November 1968 * Col. George R. Weinbrenner, November 1968 – July 1974 * Col. James W. Rawers, July 1974 – July 1975 * Col. John B. Marks, Jr. , July 1975 – January 1977 * Col. Howard E. Wright, January 1977 – June 1981 * Col. David S. Watrous, June 1981 – February 1983 * Col. Earl A. Pontius, February 1983 – June 1986 * Col. Gary Culp, June 1986 – August 1988 * Brig. Gen. Francis C. Gideon, August 1988 – June 1992 * Col. James E. Miller, Jr. , June 1992 – July 1994 * Col. Gary D. Payton, July 1994 – August 1996 * Col. Kenneth K. Dumm, August 1996 – December 1997 * Col. Richard G. Annas, December 1997 – September 2000 * Col. Steven R. Capenos, September 2000 – July 2002 * Col. Mark C. Christian, July 2002 – September 2004 * Col. Joseph J. Pridotkas, September 2004 – July 2006 * Col. Karen A. Cleary, July 2006 – June 2008 * Col. D. Scott George (BG Select), June 2008 – June 2010 * Col. Kathleen C. Sakura, June 2010 – May 2012 * Col. Aaron M. Prupas, May 2012 – June 2014 * Col.
Leah G. Lauderback Leah Gaye Lauderback is a United States Air Force lieutenant general who serves as the deputy chief of staff for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and cyber effects operations of the United States Air Force since August 5, 2022. She mo ...
, June 2014 – May 2016 * Col. Sean P. Larkin, May 2016 – June 2018 * Col.
Parker H. Wright Parker may refer to: Persons * Parker (given name) * Parker (surname) Places Place names in the United States * Parker, Arizona * Parker, Colorado *Parker, Florida *Parker, Idaho *Parker, Kansas *Parker, Missouri *Parker, North Carolina * Parker ...
, June 28, 2018 – May 2020 * Col. Maurizio D. Calabrese, June 9, 2020 - Present


Stations

* Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, 1 July 1961 – present


See also

* Space Delta 18


References

{{Use American English, date=January 2014 Centers of the United States Air Force Intelligence units of the United States Air Force Military units and formations established in 1993 Technical intelligence Intelligence analysis agencies