Agamia
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The agami heron (''Agamia agami'') is a medium-sized heron. It is a resident breeding bird from Central America south to Peru and Brazil. It is sometimes known as the chestnut-bellied heron, and is the only member of the
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
''Agamia''. In
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
it is sometimes called ''Soco beija-flor'', meaning 'hummingbird heron', thanks to its unique coloration pattern. The agami heron is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN, due to predictions of future
habitat destruction Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...
within its range.


Taxonomy

The agami heron was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of
Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his Nobility#Ennoblement, ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalise ...
's '' Systema Naturae''. He placed it with the herons and cranes in the
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
'' Ardea'' and coined the binomial name ''Ardea agami''. Gmelin based his description on the "Agami heron" from Cayenne that had been described in 1785 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book ''A General Synopsis of Birds''. Latham had in turn based his description on a specimen owned by the army officer Thamas Davies and the description and illustration of "Le Héron Agami" by the French polymath Comte de Buffon in his ''Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux''. The agami heron is now the only species placed in the genus ''Agamia'' that was introduced in 1853 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach. The name ''agami'' is the word for a forest bird that was used by the indigenous people of
French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic coast of South America in the Guianas. ...
. The species is
monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...
: no subspecies are recognised.


Description

This uncommon species is in length. It is short-legged for a heron, and has a thin bill which is considerably longer than the head. The neck and underparts are chestnut, with a white line down the centre of the foreneck, and the wings are shiny green. Wispy pale blue feathers decorate the crown, sides of the foreneck, and lower back. The legs, bill, and bare facial patch are dull yellow. During the breeding season the facial patch can change color to reddish. The sexes are similar, but juveniles are largely brown above with a white foreneck, and streaked brown-and-white underparts. The normal clutch size is two blue eggs.


Distribution and habitat

The agami heron is a Neotropical species occurring in Central and South America. The distribution area of the species extends from south-east Mexico through central and Caribbean Central America through the Amazon basin in South America, covering the following countries: Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. This species is rare in open areas. The agami heron's habitat encompasses swamp forests, mangroves, forest streams and freshwater wetlands. They mostly occur at elevations between sea level and , although records exist from as elevations as high as in the Andes. They nest in both single species and mixed species colonies on platforms of sticks in bushes and trees over water. Very few colonies are known to date but some are quite large, up to hundreds or even over a thousand nests. The following locations of colonies are known within the distribution area of the species:on a tiny island at the centre of a lagoon in the middle of th
Pacuare Nature Reserve
Costa Rica, in th
Tapiche Reserve
Peru, the Marais de Kaw-Roura National Reserve an
Amazonian National Park
French Guiana, and other colonies outside of protected areas in Colombia, Mexico and Belize.


Behavior

Despite its stunning plumage, this reclusive species' preference for shade and overhanging vegetation means that it is rarely seen. This is a quiet bird, but pairs and family groups may make various snoring or rattling sounds. Rattling sounds and slow walking away are a typical response to disturbance. Agami herons stalk their prey (fish, frogs, small reptiles, and snails) in shallow shaded water in forested areas. They often standi still on perches or directly in the water, or moving very slowly. They rarely wade in open water. The majority of their prey consists of characins (''Triportheus angulatus'' and ''Astyanax angulatus'') which are surface-swimming fishes. Less commonly, they have also been known to consume cichlids (''
Aequidens ''Aequidens'' is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae found in South America. Formerly a wastebasket genus, as presently defined ''Aequidens'' is largely restricted to the Amazon Basin, Orinoco Basin and river basins in The Guianas. The only e ...
''). Several courtship behaviors have been described and are used by both sexes. Lores can change color to an intense red, and both sexes show a short-lived silver crest.


Conservation

This species is very discreet and scientifically little known, which is a challenge for conservationists. Its remote habitat and secretive behavior may explain its apparent rarity. However, it is considered as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List due to future habitat loss in the Amazon. Conservation efforts should concentrate on protection of important colony sites, developing a better understanding of the range, habitat needs and biology of the species.


References

*
Agami Heron Conservation Plan (Agamia agami).
Stier, A. and Kushlan, J., 2015 (compilers). Managing editor: Benoit Hurpeau, President, GEPOG Association, 15 Avenue Pasteur, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana.'' * ''Birds of Venezuela'' by Hilty, * ''Birds of Northern South America. An identification guide'' by Robin Restall, Clemencia Rodner and Miguel Lentino. Yale University Press: ** Vol 1. Species accounts. ** Vol 2. Plates and maps.


External links


Agami heron videos
on the Internet Bird Collection

(for Suriname) with RangeMap
Agami heron photo gallery
VIREO

mdash;"Birds-Belize" {{Taxonbar, from=Q218312
agami heron The agami heron (''Agamia agami'') is a medium-sized heron. It is a resident breeding bird from Central America south to Peru and Brazil. It is sometimes known as the chestnut-bellied heron, and is the only member of the genus ''Agamia''. In Bra ...
Birds of Central America Birds of the Amazon Basin Birds of South America Birds of the Guianas Birds of the Pantanal Birds of Trinidad and Tobago Birds of Brazil
agami heron The agami heron (''Agamia agami'') is a medium-sized heron. It is a resident breeding bird from Central America south to Peru and Brazil. It is sometimes known as the chestnut-bellied heron, and is the only member of the genus ''Agamia''. In Bra ...
agami heron The agami heron (''Agamia agami'') is a medium-sized heron. It is a resident breeding bird from Central America south to Peru and Brazil. It is sometimes known as the chestnut-bellied heron, and is the only member of the genus ''Agamia''. In Bra ...